Abstract:“Just as a bird could not fly with one wing only, a nation would not march forward if the women are left behind” -Swami Vivekananda. Women is said to be equal to the man in the present society. But, this situation is far from the reality. The unequal status of women is owing to a vicious circle in which they have caught up with low levels or absence of literacy coupled with low levels of skills leading to low level of employment and low wages , containing them very often to marginal categories of work or unpaid work . With the result their economic status gets miserable. Evidently, women constitute one –third of labour force, their share in the world 's working hours is two –third and Yet , earning one – tenth of the income (UN 1975) . It is mainly due to the unpaid economic activities that women's work is not reported in the census. An ILO study estimated that the value of unpaid household work constitute 25 -39 percent of the total GNPin a developing country.

Abstract:The fuel prices are sky rocketing day by day and fossil fuel are at verge of depletion in coming few decades. Since our country is not self-dependent in energy source and every year huge amount is spent in fulfilling energy demands. So, we should focus on finding new alternative source of energy and government have taken initiatives and invested money in the research and development in the field of non conventional source of energy like solar, wind, biogas, biomass, biodiesel etc. The project focuses on the production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil (which will obtained from restaurants, hotels etc.) also the production of biodiesel should be affordable and consumes less production cost as well as it should be ecofriendly Biodiesel is prepared from the trans-esterification process which involves two steps- acidic esterification in which oil, solution of sulphuric acid and methanol is heated and in second step, trans-esterification reaction is carried out. After completion of reaction it is kept for settling and glycerol is separated from biodiesel. The prepared biodiesel is then test for some important properties of fuel like calorific value, viscosity, and density. Comparison of the optimum conditions of alkaline-catalyzed transesterification process for biodiesel production from pure sunflower cooking oil (PSCO) and waste sunflower cooking oil (WSCO) through transesterification process using alkaline catalysts. To obtain a high quality biodiesel fuel that comply the specification of standard methods (ASTM D 6751 & EN 14214), some important variables such as volumetric ratio, types of reactants and catalytic activities were selected. The highest approximately 99.5% biodiesel yield acquired under optimum conditions of 1:6 volumetric oil-to-methanol ratio, 1% KOH catalyst at 40ºC reaction temperature and 320 rpm stirring speed. Result showed that the biodiesel production from PSCO and WSCO exhibited no considerable differences. The research demonstrated that biodiesel obtained under optimum conditions from PSCO & WSCO was of good quality and could be used as a diesel fuel which considered as renewable energy and environmental recycling process from waste oil after frying. Biodiesel fuel is a logical alternative to diesel fuel since it is renewable, environmentally friendly, and economically advantageous. Biodiesel is superior to conventional diesel in terms of its sulphur content, aromatic content and flash point. It is essentially sulphur free and non-aromatic while conventional diesel can contain up to 500 ppm SO2 and 20–40 wt% aromatic compounds. These advantages could be a key solution to reduce the problem of urban pollution since transport sector is an important contributor of the total gas emissions. Amongst vehicle fuels, diesel is dominant for black smoke particulate together with SO2 emissions and contributes to a one third of the total transport generated greenhouse gas emissions [31]. According to Utlu and Kocak [42] , there was on average of a decrease of 14% for CO2, 17.1% for CO and 22.5% for smoke density when using biodiesel.

Abstract: The present study was aimed to observed the ameliorative effect of Ca on the seedling growth of mung bean under salinity stress. Seedlings were exposed to various concentrations of CaCl and NaCl separately and 2 standard concentrations were selected based on the growth. The experiments were carried out in the seedlings exposed to 75 mM NaCl, 10 mM CaCl treatments along with the combination of 10 mM CaCl and 75 mM NaCl. 2 2 The control was maintain with distilled water. Experiments were carried out in two days interval upto 8th day from the transfer of seedlings to treatments. The seedlings exposed to 75 mM NaCl concentration showed slow growth (both shoot and root length) when compare to other treatments. Biomass production and Relative Water Content was found to be higher in CaCl treated seedlings. The seedlings under salt stress maintained less proteins and 2 nucleic acids than that of CaCl and water and combination of NaCl with CaCl . The experimental results indicate 2 2 that the CaCl ameliorate the effect of NaCl stress by maintaining the Relative Water Content , protein and nucleic 2 acids. Seedlings were treated with solutions of 75 mM NaCl, 10 mM CaCl and the combination of 75 mM NaCl 2 nd th with 10 mM CaCl during seedling growth from 2 to 8 day after transferring at interval of 2 days. The growth and 2 biochemical parameters include changes in the protein, DNAand RNAcontents were studied in the seedlings.

Abstract: Vipassana meditation is an integral component of the Buddhist philosophy. Vipassana is an insight into the nature of things; vipssana is seeing things as they are. The path that leads to this insight & realization is awareness & mindfulness. The way to develop mindfulness is based on a famous discourse given by Buddha. In this discourse, the Buddha explained how to develop and cultivate the mind. The name of this discourse is the “SatipatthanaSutta”. In this sutta, the Buddha offers our objects of meditation for consideration: body, feelings, thoughts, and mental states. On the basis of SatipatthanSutta, practice of vipassana meditation is to use these four objects for the development of concentration, mindfulness, and insight & understanding of our self and the world around us. SatipatthanSutta offers the most simple, direct, and effective method for training the mind to meet daily task, problems, to achieve the highest aim and liberation. SatipatthanSutta is safe for all characters, and a harmless way to train the mind. We can use this method anywhere at any time, in a busy office or in the peaceful place.

Abstract: Corporate social responsibility earlier applied as corporate philanthropy has been in practice in India since ages. Also, it has been well complimented by the role of the Tata's, Birla's and other large companies since a long time. However, philanthropy in the globalised and modern India, does not solve the purpose in quality and quantity. The Lok Sabha of India on 18th December'2012 approved the mandatory CSR bill amending the Companies Act'1956. The corporate sector of India has been up in arms and the proposed bill was kept hanging since August'2008. The parliamentary bill of 2009 put up to ensure mandatory CSR spending for companies has faced severe criticism from the corporate world of India. The article aims at analysing the motive of the bill itself and the outstanding reasons for the echo of opposition of the bill across industries in India. The article also attempts to look in to the history of CSR in India along with the need of the hour.

Abstract: Adolescence is an important period, especially the late adolescence, because of their immediate effects on attitude and behaviour. It is important for physical and psychological effects. It is a transitional period, they have lots of confusion about the roles the individual is expected to play. Here they are searching for their own identity. it is the time of unrealistic aspirations, not only for themselves but also their families and friends, like more angry, hurt and disappointed they will be when they feel that others have let than down or that they have not lived up to the goals they set for themselves. Usually SSLC is considered as the milestone of adolescence life. But it changed and turned that Higher Secondary is the career turning time. Schools and colleges also try to build up values that are in harmony with those held by adults. They put emphasis on developing intellectual skills and concept necessary for civic competences. Those who are active in the extracurricular activities of their schools and colleges get such practices ,but those who are not active in this way - because they must take after school jobs .or because they are not accepted by their peer- are deprived of this opportunity. Adolescence spend most of their time outside the home with members of peer group, it is understandable that peer should have a greater influence on adolescence attitude, speech, interests, appearances and behaviour than the family has. The peer group is the adolescent's real world.This study examines the relations between different motivating factors like, parents, teachers, and peers. How their motivation is enhanced in curricular and extracurricular activities. The main objectives here dealing with adolescence are to analyse the process of parental motivational enhancement, process of peer enhancement process of teachers enhancement among adolescence and to find the respondents expectations from the enhancement factors. Descriptive study is adopted in this study. The main finding will include in full paper

Abstract: Memorandums, reports and observations of the British officials throw much light on the condition, position and status of the slaves of serfs in the agrarian sector of Tamil Country in the first half of the Nineteenth Century. They also highlight the existing relations between the Native Land Lords and Zamindars and the Serfs of the soil, and the humanitarian measures of the British Government for the abolition of the slavery. Generally the British administrative reports pointed out the Land Lords were wealthy and were in influence and affluence. The position of the serfs were low, they were not suffered in economic sense. To some extent, they were in par with free labourers. The slaves were much attached to the land of the Land Lords and worked hard to the improvement of the land and produce of the soil. There was cordial relations between the Land Lords and slaves. The slaves received all the privileges, allowances and benefits on the important occasions. In some times, they were sold with the land form one Land Lord to another. The Memorandum Of Srinivasa Raghava Iyengar, the observation of Sesha Iyengar, the Mirasi Papers of F.W. Ellis, inquiry of the Board of Rveenue of 1819, Francis Buchanan, Journey Account of Francis Buchannan from Madras through the Countries of Mysore,Canara and Malabar,A.D. Campbell remarks before the Selection Committee on 1832, Remarks of Charles Hayes the Collector of South Arcot before the select Committee of the House of Lords in 1830, Places's Report on the Jahire, 6 June 1799, Various proceedings of the Board of Revenue, Report on Slavery, 1890, and the Slavery Abolition Act of 1843 throw much information on the subject of serfdom in Tamil Country

Abstract: To understand the psychological variables like stress tolerance, altruistic behaviour, and level of aspiration among adolescent students in the present world is unavoidable. This study further aimed to find the significant differences among the adolescent students based on sex, educational institution, and also on the three religious groups, namely Hindus, Christians, and Muslims for the study variables. Stratified sampling method was used to select the sample. The sample consisted of 105 adolescent students. The tools used for the study were Stress Tolerance Scale, Altruistic Behaviour Index, and Level of Aspiration Scale. The statistical techniques used were t test, one-way ANOVA, Duncan test, and Pearson product method of correlation. The results showed that there existed significant difference between male and female adolescent students, adolescent students studying in schools and colleges, and also among the different religious groups for the variables stress tolerance, altruistic behaviour, and level of aspiration. Significant relationships among the variables are also existed.

Abstract:The aim of physics education is the development of conceptual understanding of the natural world in which we live. Physics is an experimental science and force is the central part of it. To study the conceptual understanding of physics, it is necessary to study the concept of force of the students. In this paper, the concept of force of different students are assessed using force concept inventory (FCI) developed by Hestenes, D et al. In this paper, it is also studied that whether the concept of force differs for male and female students or for urban and rural students or for science and engineering students or for B.Sc. and M.Sc. students. The misconceptions about force of the students of different categories are also discussed.

Abstract: To understand the psychological variables like stress tolerance, altruistic behaviour, and level of aspiration among adolescent students in the present world is unavoidable. This study further aimed to find the significant differences among the adolescent students based on sex, educational institution, and also on the three religious groups, namely Hindus, Christians, and Muslims for the study variables. Stratified sampling method was used to select the sample. The sample consisted of 105 adolescent students. The tools used for the study were Stress Tolerance Scale, Altruistic Behaviour Index, and Level of Aspiration Scale. The statistical techniques used were t test, one-way ANOVA, , and Pearson product method of correlation. The results showed that there existed significant difference between male and female adolescent students, adolescent students studying in schools and colleges, and also among the different religious groups for the variables stress tolerance, altruistic behaviour, and level of aspiration. Significant relationships among the variables are also existed.

Abstract:In the present era, it is not possible to live without internet for a single day. Internet makes its applications as a primary need for the person in different generations by providing a different technology of E-Commerce. E Commerce is a most important application of Internet. It is cheaper and faster to carry out business transactions within an organization and among organizations electronically using the network connection. Thus it is important to understand how business transactions are carried out electronically reliably and securely. Security is very important issue for implementing ecommerce technique. In this paper I trying to introduce advance techniques in electronic commerce, its security issue and different technology for providing reliability and security during any transaction through the E-Commerce.

Abstract: The andropause is the time in a man's life when the hormones naturally start decline usually during their late forties or early fifties. Andropause is a medical condition caused by low testosterone levels in men. Andropause in men is similar to menopause in women. Andropause symptoms such as depression, night sweats, hot flashes, fatigue, osteoporosis, low libido, poor concentration and loss of memory. Foods that boost testosterone provide a natural way to recharge libido function, muscle mass and increase energy levels. Natural testosterone foods act natural libido enhancers.Zinc is the most important mineral for men zinc is extremely effective at raising testosterone levels.Adiet rich in vitamin and E ability to increase testosterone production.Vegetables that include spinach, carrot, tomato, sweat potato, and Herbs that include Garlic, pepper, mustard seeds and peanuts. Hence these are all vegetables and herbs include in a diet to prepare a spicy mix to prevent andropausal symptoms. Significantly high level of testosterone was observed in prepared product

Abstract:The present investigation was an attempt to compare the quality of life, work motivation and occupational stress of private and public sector bank employees. The sample of the study was drawn from various public and private sector banks of Thiruvanathapuram District, Kerala State. The sample consists of a total number of 80 bank employees where 40 are from private sector and remaining 40 are from public sector. The data collected for three variables, using Quality of life scale, Work motivation questionnaire, and Occupational stress inventory. The result indicates that there was a significant difference between public and private sector bank employees on work motivation. But in the case of the variables quality of life, and occupational stress, there were no significant difference between the public and private sector bank employees

Abstract: Generally, the offences committed against children or the crimes in which children are the victims are considered as Crime against Children. Indian penal code and the various protective and preventive `Special and Local Laws' specifically mention the offences wherein children are victims. The age of child varies as per the definition given in the concerned Acts and Sections but age of child has been defined to be below 18 years as per Juvenile Justice (Protection and Care of Children) Act, 2000. Paper analysis number crimes against children, programmes and policies and constitutional provisions for children.

Abstract: Tamil United Liberation front Chief V.Anadasangaree vehemently opposed the unitary label within united Srilanka. He expressed concern over media reports about the possibility of the All Parties Representative conferences (APRC) coming forward with package of proposals with unitary label. He warned that such a proposal would only strengthen the LTTE's call for separation and give oxygen to the dying organization and kill hopes of those who have placed their faith in (APRC).Apolitical solution with the unitary label where the state is not willing to recognize the other communities as those with legitimate grounds of power sharing is a defeat for people like who have been changing the Tamil community to forget separation and come into path of a united srilanka. Any solution under unitary constitution will be half baked one. It will give room for further agitation in the future fuelled by the remnants of the LTTE. The result would be a disruption of the hard earned peace and the country back square back one, into another cycle of violence. “No political solution will be acceptable to the LTTE, other than a kingdom for Prabhakaran………….fair and just political solution will convince the Tamil people not only in the country but around the world that there is no need for tyranny and terror of LTTE”. He advocated the Indian Model as an ideal solution for the ethnic crisis, the Indian constitution does not say federal or unitary but has managed to hold the country together for 60 years.(sep,13,07,The Hindu).The editor –inchief of the Hindu N.Ram during the annual meeting of the srilanka –India friendship society said democratic governance was the need of the hour in the east and went on to ask if the government was ready to demonstrate the political will and take reasonable risks in its quest to resolve the ethnic question. “There are huge gaps in the development status of provinces. For instance, while the western province accounts for 50% of the country's GDP the share of the eastern province is more 2.5 percent. That is why we say the issue is not federalism but democracy and equality. President, Tamil United Liberation Front (TULF), V.Anandasangree also wanted the Srilankan government to find out possible solution to ethnic problems the weakening of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam National party(UNP) openly acknowledged federalism as the option to solve the problem and the leftists always supported it. Mr.anandasangree said though the people had been liberated from LTTE control they were going through enormous is possible hardship. He also urged leaders and people of Tamilnadu to pressure the union government to advise the srilankan government to go in for greater devolution of powers (sep 22 3, 07, The Hindu).United National party (UNP) srilanka,s main opposition party in the statement formulated at a recent meeting of the policy making forum of the party sought to put at rest speculation in a section of the media about a shift in the position of the party vis-à-vis the ethnic question. The UNP has called for amendments to the Norwegian –brokered 2002 ceasefire agreement (CFA) and demanded an “innovative and new constitutional model” drawing on the island nation's own experiences for resolution of the ethnic question. The hindu expressed official view point where else the new Indian express gave more space for the LTTE during these periods Anadasangree for a political solution within united srilanka(sep13,2007),weakening of LTTe gives an advantage to srilanka in finding political solution (sep 17,2007), Jvp leader says election should be held in the east(sep 18,2007) TULF Indian model will work (sep23,20007),UNP calls for changes to ceasefire pact (oct 2,2007)united national party,s special statement(oct4,2008).TULF appeal to tamilandu leaders (nov21,2007) were the major stories in the hindu In the new Indian express lanka to announce devolution package soon (dec10,2007)lanka Tamil trio coming to new delhi (dec 19,2007)Lanka rejects LTTE call for truce(jan 12,2008)LTTE peace overtures a joke official (jan 13,2008)Devolution package by jan 23sri lanka (Jan 19,2008), India for political settlement of Tamil ethnic issue (jan 27,2008).

Abstract:Pearl is a valuable natural product. Large and perfectly shaped pearls rank in value with the most precious stones. Pearls are formed in the sea inside the shells of oysters. From 4 B.C. the pearl is called as 'Muthu' in tamil language.

Abstract: Set in an India village, Kamala Markandaya's Nectar in a Sieve is a gripping story of one woman's survival of a checkered life, one that had no margin for misfortune. In this novel Kamala Markandaya depicts the lives of optimistic and accepting characters as superior to those who insist on keeping every aspect of their life and cultur the same. By being intolerant of change, these characters attempt to keep their lives stationary, something that is virtually impossible. In her novel primarily about the changes brought upon a rural Indian society Markandaya expresses her opinion that change is essential, and that one who attempts to ignore it to stay happy cannot succeed. The story is about Rukmani, a young woman born into the upper crust of Indian society, but this birth status does not automatically guarantee her the prosperous future it might suggest. Conflicts of tradition and the outside world begin to insinuate themselves into Rukmani's life, bringing change almost faster than she can adjust. Struggling through poverty and heartbreak, as well as the changing socioeconomic culture of their village, she demonstrates a quiet, pragmatic dignity that is concerned with life. By telling the story of a young Indian woman as she weds her husband and grows old with him, raises a family and suffers several hardships along the way, author strives to present a picture of a changing world and how it is the love of a family that overcomes these tremendous challenges. Rukmani is indeed presented as the epitome of self-sacrifice and patience within the novel, consistently working to uphold the traditional beliefs of her Hindu heritage, a background that was well-known by the author who grew up within the Hindu world.

Abstract:The Dalit Movement in Karnataka got a new dimension when the government under the leadership of D. Devarj Urs, came into power in Karnataka. The government, which was in power during the period of 1972-80 organized the Dalits, other backward castes and minorities against the power game played by the dominant Lingayat and Vokkaliga castes. Under the leadership of D. Devaraj Urs many reformist and development programmes were launched for the empowerment of Dalits.

Abstract: Emotional intelligence seems to be everywhere. In recent years, it has emerged as a critical factor for sustaining high achievement, retention, and positive behaviour as well as improving life success. Emotional intelligence (EI) and personality traits play a major role in maintaining work effectiveness and efficiency in any organization. The purpose of this study is to see the impact of emotional intelligence on personality traits of studentteachers who aspire to become effective teachers. A total of 600 student-teachers of various colleges of education affiliated to University of Jammu, Jammu were selected as a sample randomly for the purpose of classification in low and high emotional intelligent student-teachers. Finally 80 student-teachers (40 low and 40 high emotionally intelligent) were selected randomly by using P40 and P60 percentiles. To test hypothesis t-test was used. Results of this study indicated significant differences between high and low emotional intelligent student teachers on personality factors.

Abstract:Most of the antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance studies focus on isolates from hospitalized patients. In the present investigation a retrospective analysis of microbiological data of antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial Urinary Isolates of Urolithiasis from the hospitals in the Barshi town was performed. Such studies had not been undertaken earlier in this region. The bacteriological studies of urinary stone included samples from sixty six (66) cases of Urolithiasis. Thirty three (33) samples showed presence of bacteria namely Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli, Aeromonas spp. and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. In twenty eight (28) infected stone cases the organisms isolated from crushed stone were same, while five (5) cases of culture positive stones were found different microorganisms. Biochemical identification study was performed as per the standard methods. The problem of Urolithiasis was found more in males than females.The relation between UTI & urinary stones was analyzed in present study, out of Sixty-six UTI(66) cases studied,in thirty-three (50%) cases an infection induced stones in which eight cases (12.12%) from female and twenty five (37.87%) cases from male. Infection induced stones were not detected in the female age group below fifteen. Three (3) cases of infection induced stones were detected in male group below 15. In case of middle age group (16 to 45) infection induced urinary stones were five(5) in female and seventeen(17) in male, while above 46 age group one(01) in female and five(05) in male. Sixty-six cases were reported including 18 female cases (27.27%) & 48 male cases (72.73%). The high incidence (50%) of infection-induced stones seen in the present study is in close agreement with observation of Vargas et al & Benu Dewan et al .The commonest pathogens recovered from pre-operative urine culture and stone cultures were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Aeromonas spp, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus saprophyticus The isolation of urinary opportunistic pathogens among the UTI cases with urinary stones was found to be significant.

Abstract: An attempt has been made in this paper to study the distribution and periodicity of the market centres in the Buldhana district. Market centres are the basic and root level centre of the economic and commercial activities. The observation reveals that, there is uneven distribution and periodicity of the market centres in the study region.

Abstract:Anganwadi workers and helpers are engaged by the government to work in the state-operated Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS). This scheme caters to the health and pre-school education needs of children from birth to six years of age and also to the health and nutrition needs of pregnant women, nursing mothers, and adolescent girls, to study the profile of Anganwadi Workers (AWWs) .To assess knowledge of AWWs & problems faced by them while working. The author discussed on “knowledge of Anganwadi workers and their problems” with special reference to Gadwal (Rural), Mahabubnagar, District .AP.

In this paper, we have studied non-self-similar gas motion in presence of magnetic field which result from the propagation of plane, cylindrical and spherical shock waves through the gas requires complicated and cumbersome calculations. An approximate method of calculation of such motions is taken from [1-3]

Abstract:The purpose of the study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of yogic practices on selected physical variables viz., Weight, B.M.I. (Body Mass Index) among essential hypertensive patients. The subjects chosen for this study were divided into experimental and control group consist of 45 samples each, both male and female patients in the age group between 40 years and 60 years with Grade - I (mild) and Grade - II (moderate) hypertensive patients. From the study, it is observed that the application of yogic practices would reduce weight in case of experimental group compared to control group and the BMI (Body Mass Index) would hold a marginal change due to yogic practices between baseline period and different phases of training and follow-up period in case of experimental group compared to control group. The findings of the study indicated that there is no improvement and the weight almost remained the same and in the experimental group the B.M.I. level decreasing due to yogic practices, but in the case of control group, it keeps increasing throughout the observation period.

Abstract:The study was intended to find out the Problem solving ability of Higher Secondary Students in Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu, India. Problem solving ability scale was constructed and standardized by Sharmila V. and Nagasubramani P.C (2011), have been administered to a random sample of 950 students studying in Higher Secondary Schools. The result revealed that the level of Problem solving ability of Higher Secondary Students is low, male and female students caused significant difference and rural and urban area students, arts and science group students caused no significant difference in respect of their Problem solving ability

Abstract:The present study was undertaken to recognize and study the prohemocytes in five species of scorpion- Mesobuthus tamulus tamulus, Mesobuthus tamulus concanensis, Heterometrus xanthopus, Heterometrus phipsoni and Orthochirus bicolor. Light and phase contrast microscopic observations have showed seven distinct types of hemocytes in all five species ; prohemocytes (PRs), plasmocytes (PLs), granulocytes(GRs), spherulocytes (SPs), adipohemocytes (ADs), oenocytoids (ODs) and coagulocytes (COs). Largest PR was observed in Heterometrus xanthopus and smallest in Mesobuthus tamulus concanensis. PR of Heterometrus xanthopus was studied electron microscopically. Along with morphology Differential Hemocytes Count (DHC) was also studied.

Abstract:Competition makes sports exciting. The very thought of winning gives every player an adrenaline rush but competition is not only about winning. If we take a deeper look, it channelizes our positive energy as well as provides exact information about one's status in comparison to other opponents in a given sporting endeavour. The present investigation was an attempt to find out the difference of competitive behaviuor between air pistol and air rifle shooting players. Competitive behavior test developed by Tyson was administered for collecting the data from the subjects. To find out the difference between the groups (air pistol and air rifle) t-test was applied. On analyzing the data it was found that there was no significant difference existed between air pistol and air rifle female shooters with regard to their competitive behaviour.

Abstract:Forest Legislations in India since the time of British has always been a source of deprivation for a segment of the society.As a result ,these experience protests from the people at many times.Ignorance of the human aspects by the alien ruler was quite acceptable as they did not had any aim of welfare of the poor people of India.But when the same outcome has come from the own people,the conflicts has gained a new momentum.The paper is an attempt to analyse the nature of various forests legislation since the time of British along with the recent shift in legislations brought by the Indian government to mitigate the conflict.

Abstract:Philosophy is under current of all human activities. Teachers in general are noted for their professionalism. However the students are capable of differentiating the teachers on the basis of behavioural manifestations. It may be attributed to their inclination towards a particular philosophy or philosophies. On the basis of this assumption the investigators took up a qualitative study to identify the philosophies underlying their cognitive and affective characteristics. For this purpose they prepared a research design to decode the tenets and principles involved in their covert and overt behavioural aspects. In the process they identified 13 Behaviour Markers capable of revealing almost all behavioural aspects of the teachers. With the help of the Data Sheet they observed the behaviour of 18 teachers chosen for the purpose and noted the information for 13 Behaviour Markers against each of the 5 philosophies - Idealism, naturalism, Realism, Humanism and Pragmatism. Then by matching the collected informations with the tenets and principles of any one of the five philosophies the sample was regrouped and a consolidated Data Sheet was prepared. From this the following results were drawn out. The philosophy ingrained in teachers is the cause for the differences among teachers. The prominence of Idealism, Naturalism, Realism, Humanism and Pragmatism embedded in teachers is found to be the reason for the adoption of unique teaching process. 33.3%, 16.7%, 11.1%, 27.8%, and 11.1% of teacher's teaching is embedded with the tenets and principles of Idealism, Naturalism, Realism, Humanism and Pragmatism respectively and they may be categorized as Model, Guide, Modern, Mom and Progressive Teachers respectively. Therefore it is just explicit that what is needed for today is not mere Model or Guide or Modern or Mom or Progressive Teachers. The challenge of present day Teacher preparation is to bring out teachers with wholesome personality capable of acting as Model, Guide, Modern, Mom and Progressive Teachers at the same time, for enabling students to cherish Skills, Knowledge and Understanding to cope with the changing life situations in the ever changing world. Therefore suitable steps may be taken up to enable the Teacher Trainees to imbibe the essentials of these philosophies.

Abstract: Capital investment refers to the investment in projects whose results would be available after a year for the maximization profit of the company, the company should take right investment decision or accept right investment proposal which will help in achieving expected flow of benefits at the right time. The methodology for carrying out the project was mainly through personal interaction. Secondary data obtained through various media like fact sheets, internet, business magazines, news papers, books of various authors etc. This paper involves the concept of capital investment decisions followed by every large manufacturing companies like Walchandnagar Industries Limited.

Abstract:The main objective of the present article is to critically evaluate efforts undertaken by the Govt. to abolish the manual scavengers and to study the reasons for the failure of such programs: Secondary data such as articles, Books, legislations related to manual scavengers were used to meet the study objectives. The Scavenger and sewage workers suffer mainly from chemical and biological hazards. This can be prevented through engineering, medical and legislative measures. The engineering measure should focus on making the process more mechanistic. These workers should also be benefited from occupational health services, which should include pre-placement and periodic health monitoring. Further effective implementation of the Employment of Manual Scavengers and Construction of Dry Latrines (Prohibition) Act, 1993, will help in the abolition of manual scavenging. Also, regular awareness programs should be conducted to impart education regarding safer work procedures and use of personal protective devices. Finally conclusion is; all the efforts of Govt. and other reformers will not be successful unless and until the individuals takes step to avoid such inhuman practice and live the dignity life

Abstract:A pressure group is an association of people having common interests who try to achieve that object by influencing the government. H. Zeigler defines pressure group as “an organized aggregate which seems to influence the context of governmental decision without attempting to its members informal governmental capacities”. Pressure groups are a part of the political process and they attempt to reinforce or change the direction of government policy, but they do not wish, as pressure groups, to become the government.

Abstract: The present research finds out the subjects' level of proficiency in English language. It also finds out the reasons behind the subjects' poor level of proficiency in English language. It gives certain conclusions and suggestions. It contains introduction, hypothesis, sample design, Proficiency Test, Structured Interview, concluding remark and works cited.

छत्तीसगढ़ राज्य मैं कुल जनसंख्या २,५५,४५,१९८...............

मानवाच्या मुलभूत गरजांपैकी पाणी ही अंत्यत महत्वाची गरज आहे . निसर्गाच्या लहरीपणामुळे मान्सून वा-यांद्वारे पडणाऱ्या पर्जन्यात अनियमीतता आली आहे . त्यामुळे वाढत्या लोकसंख्येला वापरण्यासाठी लागणारे पाणी , शेतीला पिंकाच्या वाढीसाठी वेळेवर द्यावे लागणारे पाणी व उद्योगधंद्यांना लागणारे पाणी इत्यादींवर मात करण्यासाठी युद्धपातळीवर जलसिंचन योजना राबविणे काळाची गरज आहे . त्यामुळे अमरावती जिल्हातील तहसिलनुसार जलसिंचन क्षमतेचा विकसीत , विकसनशील व अविकसित या तीन स्तरावर अभ्यास करण्यात आला आहे . अध्ययनात असे निदर्शनास आले आहे की, अमरावती जिल्हयामंध्ये अचलपूर तालुक्यातील सर्वात जास्त , तर भातुकली तालुक्यात सर्वात जास्त कमी जलसिंचन क्षमता आढळून आली आहे.

आदिवासीयों की भीली बोलियों का गुजराती से काफी सादृश्य हैं | सच तो यह है कि भीली का विकास राजस्थानी और गुजराती का सहजक्षेत्र है, इसीलिए उसे यह या वह कहने की प्रेरणा होती है | यथार्थ में भीली- बोलियों का क्षेत्र बड़ा व्यापक है, और जिनकी अपनी-अपनी क्षेत्रीय लक्षणीताएँ हैं | भीली तथा खानदेशी दोनों में ही आर्येउतर भाषाओं के चिंह मिलते हैं किंतु यह इतने अल्प है कि इनका निश्चित अभिज्ञान दुष्कर है | इनकी आधार या तो मुण्डा या द्राविड़ी भाषाएँ रही होगी, मुण्डा की संभावना ही अधिक हैं | बाद में ये आर्यभाषा के सांचे में ढली होगी |

Abstract:Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, called as 'black death of our time' caused by human immunodeficiency virus still remaining a challenge to the medical world has spread its tentacles ominously that millions of people have breathed their last and others afflicted by it are counting days in great misery and despair for 2 pre-mature extinction of their life. The tragedy is that it has spread from the high risk group to common population 3 assuming a menacing proportion. It has not remained as a mere matter of health to bother only medical professionals. Aperson afflicted by it invites social stigma of a highest degree, which is worse than apartheid. It has generated such sensitive and boiling legal, ethical and social issues posing serious challenge to the medical professionals, health policy makers, law makers and common men. In this article an attempt is made to critically analyse the legal, ethical and social issues stemming from HIV\ AIDS.

Abstract: Ecocriticism is the literary branch of environmental studies. It is an attempt at finding the relevance and role of literature in examining ecological issues and suggesting ways of tackling them. This work examines certain environmental issues and their impact on human life as reflected in Oryx and Crake by Margaret Atwood and Walden by Henry David Thoreau. Oryx and Crake presents a dystopic vision of life consequent to man's abuse of Nature and a nightmarish vision of the consequences of globalization. Walden projects a utopian world created by man's close communion with Nature. Though utopian, the work is significant for its optimism and radical approach to current issue.

Abstract:The problem of housing is very common in developing countries. Though housing is an individual problem, the affordability of constructing house is the major constraints. The poor people cannot afford to spend money for constructing houses. Therefore it is necessary that the state need to intervene in solving housing problem. In India right from the period of independence importance is given to the housing. Various housing policies are launched to provide houses to the needy people. At present the Indira Awas Yojana and Ambedkar Awas Yojana are the popularly known housing schemes implemented throughout India. These schemes are aiming to construct houses to the SC/STand OBCs. The study focused to analyse the housing programmes in Mandya District of Karnataka.

केंद्रीय माहिती आयोगाने राजकारणात पारदर्शकता आणण्यासाठी कक्षेत आणण्याचे निर्देश दिले आहेत. देशात कॉंग्रेस, भारतीय जनता पक्ष, बहुजन समाज पक्ष, भारतीय कम्युनिस्ट पक्ष, मार्क्सवादी कम्युनिस्ट पक्ष आणि राष्ट्रवादी कॉंग्रेस हे सहा राष्ट्रीय मान्यताप्राप्त पक्ष माहिती अधिकाराच्या कक्षेत येतात असा आयोगाने निर्णय घेतला आहे.

शिक्षणाची व्याख्या करत असताना ज्ञान, विज्ञान आणि सहयोग असा विचार ज्येष्ठ विचारवंत विनोबा भावे यांनी मांडला . या व्याख्येतील विज्ञान या शब्दाचा स्वतंत्र विचार केला तर मानवी जीवनाची प्रगतीच आपल्या डोळ्यासमोर येते . मानवाचा इतिहास जर पाहिला तर जंगलात राहणारा कच्चे मांस खाणारा व पशुव्त जीवन जगणारा एक केवळ प्राणी या स्थितीपासूनच आधुनिक काळात निसर्गावरच मात करू पाहणारा व संपूर्ण विश्व आपल्या मुठीत घेण्याचे ध्येय बाळगणारे असा सुसंस्कृत दैवी मानव वळला याचे कारण म्हणजे विज्ञान होय.

Abstract:"Language in its widest sense means the sum total of such signs of our thoughts and feeling as are capable of external perception as could be produce and repeated at will." A.H. Gardiner.

लखीसराय जिला मध्य गंगा मैदान का एक भाग.....................

नकाशा तयार करण्याची कला, शास्त्र व तंत्रज्ञान म्हणजे नकाशा शास्त्र होय. ख्रिस्तपूर्व............

हिन्दुओं के धार्मिक साहित्य में स्मृतियों का प्रमुख स्थान है | श्रुति के पश्चात धार्मिक कार्य – कलापों में स्मृतियों की मान्यता है | प्राचीन काल में स्मृतिकारों ने इस समग्र भूमण्डल की प्रतिकता, संस्कृति तथा व्यहरिकता का जो सविस्तार वर्णन अपने ग्रन्थों में किया है, उन्हें ही स्मृति के नाम से जाना जाता है | भारतीय संस्कृति में जिस प्रकार वेद संस्कृति के आधार ग्रन्थ हैं, उसी प्रकार स्मृतियाँ भी संस्कृति के आधार एवं प्रमाणिक ग्रन्थ हैं | स्मृति ग्रन्थ हिन्दुओं की आचार संहिता हैं तथा इनमें मनुष्य के कर्तव्यों एवं अधिकारों का विशद विवरण मिलता है | हिन्दुओं के सामाजिक और धार्मिक आचार-विचार स्मृतियों द्वारा निर्धारित हैं | इस कारण क़ानूनी ग्रन्थ होने के बावजूद ये स्मृतियों हिन्दुओं के पवित्र साहित्य का एक अंग हैं |

A B ST R A C T. This paper introduces the behavior of Hindi Verb Collator (HVC) for Machine Translation. For this purpose, we used a set of linguistics analysis and see it’s important behavior of the Hindi verbs in syntactic-semantic perspective. Verbs are the most important grammatical category in a natural language. The main objective of this paper is to create a position and identification of Hindi verb Groups (HVGs) in natural language which will prove to be indispensable for various NLP applications. We also hope this resource to help us better understand about complication of Machine Translation.

Abstract:I have discovered that many monastic students have not read the Tipitaka, or if they have it is selective reading: mainly readings that focus on popular discourses. It is often my responsibility to convey the contents of various discourses to students. The inspiration behind this study of the discourses determines to give the greatest value to students, in terms of providing material that should generate greater intellectual ability amongst the students, if the chosen discourses are examined. Inside are several hermeneutical tools to assist students in examining material that they may be researching, such as: the sixteen hâras; sequences for conveying a meaning or for conveying phrases; the criteria from the Kesaputta Sutta; and for whatever else that there might be, many charts were designed from the compiled material from various sources to illustrate or explain the contents. The first section of discourses covers six selections related to social morality: five discourses and the Bhikkhu-Patimokkha. The second section of discourses covers training in higher mentality, and features seven discourses. The third section of discourses features material related to training in higher wisdom, as drawn from three selected discourses. The conclusion ascertains that the selected discourses also have the theme of 'progress' as a predominate characteristic, and therefore an analysis of progress concludes the study

Abstract:The term Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is being widely used in almost all level of functions nowadays. This ERPis based on Technology enabled activities for various corporate functions such as distribution, supply chain management, production, finance, HR, materials, etc. There are certain areas in the field of Human Relations which are not being covered by ERP, but it affects the process and implementation of the same such as Interpersonal Skills, Leadership Skills, Communication Skills, Learning, etc., as all these are covered in an umbrella namely Soft Skills. No technology can attain maximum efficiency without the Human Intervention even it is fully automated. This paper attempts to explain the problems faced by the ERPconsultants before, during and after the implementation.

Abstract: The periodical literature is an important source of current knowledge and indispensable source of latest developments in any area of human activity. Periodicals occupy the most significant place among the collection in the library and indeed, they are living organs for the transmission of nascent information. Periodicals provide most up-date information. The users who wants to keep themselves up-to-date with the latest developments in their subject fields have to regularly scan the periodicals in those fields. The present study focuses the use pattern of Scientific periodicals in R TM Nagpur University, Nagpur.

Abstract:Every great personage delivers his message partly through his life and partly through his teachings. No doubt they are mutually complementary. But in certain spiritual types as of holy mother Sarada Devi the message delivered in terms of life is more significant than the message conveyed through words. (1) Her life has been described at length what she teaches man by her life, and the Conversations contain the teachings she conveyed through her words. In this article a bare analysis of her message mentioned with a view to draw one's attention to its essential content.

Abstract:Adolescence is a distinct period of adjustment or a journey to adulthood where a teenage has to face rapid physical, cognitive and social changes. The present study was conducted with an aim to study the extent of religiosity, levels of subjective well being and relationship between religiosity and subjective well being among Gujjar adolescent boys. The sample comprised of 150 Gujjar adolescent boys of Jammu district. Purposive sampling technique was used for the selection of Gujjar dominated areas and sample adolescents were randomly selected from these areas. The tools used for the present study were interview schedule, Religiosity scale and Subjective Well Being Inventory. Data was analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The results of the present study indicated that majority of the respondents were illiterate and not able to read and write. Analysis of Religiosity scale and Subjective Well Being scale revealed that majority of the respondents had high scores on Religiosity and Subjective well being. There is significant difference between age and Religiosity whereas insignificant difference between education and Religiosity. Results further indicated that there was insignificant difference in Subjective well being with respect to age and education. Results revealed a positive and highly significant correlation between religiosity and subjective well being of Gujjar adolescent boys.

Abstract:The Brassica juncea seeds soaked in water for 24 hours were treated with cold temperature 20, 40, 60 and 80 minutes before sowing. The observation were made daily upto 10 days of sowing with adequate watering. There was no significant variation in control and cold treated seeds with respect to days for germination, germination % vigor %, plumule formation, average shoot length, average number of roots, root length and fresh weight of seedlings. The days for germination in control and cold treated seeds was about the same. The germination % and vigor % not affected by cold treatment. Plumule formation average shoot length in cold treated seeds was neither increased or decreased over control. The root number, root length and fresh weight of seedling neither stimulating nor suppressing due to cold treatment as compared to control .

साठोत्तरी हिन्दी महिला – कथाकारों ने अपने साहसपूर्ण मौलिक चिंतन के साथ जीवन की विषमताओं को अपनी दृष्टी से विश्लेषित किया हैं | विशेषकार भारतीय नारी- जीवन के लग-भग सभी पहलूओं को सूक्षमता के साथ चित्रित किया गया है | उपन्यास के क्षेत्र में महिला-लेखन अपनी एक अलग पहचान बनाने में सफल सिद्ध है | इसलिए उसने स्वतंत्र्योत्तर भारत की सामाजिक, आर्थिक एवं राजनितिक स्थितियों का चित्रण मूलतः नारी के संदर्भ में किया है |

Abstract:Adolescence is a distinct period of adjustment or a journey to adulthood where a teenage has to face rapid physical, cognitive and social changes. The present study was conducted with an aim to study the extent of religiosity, levels of subjective well being and relationship between religiosity and subjective well being among Gujjar adolescent boys. The sample comprised of 150 Gujjar adolescent boys of Jammu district. Purposive sampling technique was used for the selection of Gujjar dominated areas and sample adolescents were randomly selected from these areas. The tools used for the present study were interview schedule, Religiosity scale and Subjective Well Being Inventory. Data was analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The results of the present study indicated that majority of the respondents were illiterate and not able to read and write. Analysis of Religiosity scale and Subjective Well Being scale revealed that majority of the respondents had high scores on Religiosity and Subjective well being. There is significant difference between age and Religiosity whereas insignificant difference between education and Religiosity. Results further indicated that there was insignificant difference in Subjective well being with respect to age and education. Results revealed a positive and highly significant correlation between religiosity and subjective well being of Gujjar adolescent boys.

Abstract: The liberalization process, which started in 1980s, had become intensive by 1991 due to severe BOP crisis coupled with changing external economic environment. To get over the crisis The Government of India enunciated economic reforms and undertook macro stabilization and structural adjustment programme.The basic objective of stabilization and structural adjustment programme was firstly to reduce fiscal deficit, secondly to liberalize the domestic economy by relaxing the restrictions on production, investment, etc., and thirdly to liberalize the external front by relaxing the restrictions on international flow of goods and services, technology and capital. In the liberalization process the third aspect, i.e. reforms in trade sector assumes greater significance due to the emergence of WTO and globalization.

मानवाच्या मुलभूत गरजांपैकी पाणी ही अंत्यत महत्वाची गरज आहे . निसर्गाच्या लहरीपणामुळे मान्सून वा-यांद्वारे पडणाऱ्या पर्जन्यात अनियमीतता आली आहे . त्यामुळे वाढत्या लोकसंख्येला वापरण्यासाठी लागणारे पाणी , शेतीला पिंकाच्या वाढीसाठी वेळेवर द्यावे लागणारे पाणी व उद्योगधंद्यांना लागणारे पाणी इत्यादींवर मात करण्यासाठी युद्धपातळीवर जलसिंचन योजना राबविणे काळाची गरज आहे . त्यामुळे अमरावती जिल्हातील तहसिलनुसार जलसिंचन क्षमतेचा विकसीत , विकसनशील व अविकसित या तीन स्तरावर अभ्यास करण्यात आला आहे . अध्ययनात असे निदर्शनास आले आहे की, अमरावती जिल्हयामंध्ये अचलपूर तालुक्यातील सर्वात जास्त , तर भातुकली तालुक्यात सर्वात जास्त कमी जलसिंचन क्षमता आढळून आली आहे.

Abstract:Suicide is the tragic and untimely loss of human life, all the more devastating and perplexing because it is a conscious and volitional act. Death is a tragedy and suicide is the ultimate tragedy. There is no acceptable reason why a person commits suicide. For many it is a response to loss, separation and despair. For some it represents relief from helpless existence and hopeless future. For some it may be an impulsive act or a revenge for rejection. Suicide can be response to disordered thinking, a toxic state or cognitive distortion. It is also difficult to explain why certain people take this decision while other in similar or even more verse situations does not. Suicide is the result of biological, genetic, psychological, social, cultural and environmental factors. Over one million people commit suicide every year the world over. It is estimated that by the year 2020, 1.53 million would die by suicide every year and suicide will represent the 2.4% total burden of disease. Suicide is a significant problem in India also with a reported rate of 10.8 per 100000 populations. However it may be considerable under estimate due to underreporting of many of these cases of suicides in India. Suicide and attempted suicide carry a huge social and economic cost for the individual, family, friends, and society. This paper analyzes some statistics related to suicide such as magnitude of the problem, causes, methods and some other factors related to suicides in India.

Abstract:The term Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is being widely used in almost all level of functions nowadays. This ERPis based on Technology enabled activities for various corporate functions such as distribution, supply chain management, production, finance, HR, materials, etc. There are certain areas in the field of Human Relations which are not being covered by ERP, but it affects the process and implementation of the same such as Interpersonal Skills, Leadership Skills, Communication Skills, Learning, etc., as all these are covered in an umbrella namely Soft Skills. No technology can attain maximum efficiency without the Human Intervention even it is fully automated. This paper attempts to explain the problems faced by the ERPconsultants before, during and after the implementation.

Abstract:The Indian BPO-ITeS and Retail sectors provide employment opportunities to youths. However, the unique working condition poses challenges before Human Resource professional which have more prominence in these sectors. The samples consist of 160 BPO & Retail employees Mumbai and its suburbs. The data were analyzed in terms of the analysis of variance. The results obtained in this study revealed that retail sector employees and particularly women employees have higher health problems. However, BPO-ITeS sector employees have higher intention to quit job. There is no significant difference between employees of both sectors on organizational commitment.

The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA) provides a legal Guarantee of 100 days of wage employment in a financial year to every rural household. It is also committed to ensure that at least 33% of the workers shall be women. Thus MNREGA is playing a substantial role in improving women economically, thereby leading to greater independence and self respect. The present study aims to analyze the impact of MGNREGS on women empowerment in Tirunelveli District of Tamilnadu. The present study has followed stratified sampling method. The study revealed that women participation under the scheme was much more than the men participation in the entire 8 sample Gram Panchayats (70.5 percent). Hence, the impact of the scheme on their income level was very high 5 sample Gram panchayats which has received 100 days of employment in a year. Consequently, 56 percent women respondents stated that the income level of women has increased after the implementation of the scheme. When one starts earning by herself, it is a kind of gaining more responsibility and attaining economic independence. The responses elicited by the women respondents on their participation in decision making in the family regarding expenditure and savings indicated that in spite of the income level having increased among the women beneficiaries, the percentage of women respondents were 55.8 percent participated in decision making process connected with economic matters. Independent and monetized income have increased consumption choices and reduced financial dependence. This has helped women in registering their real contribution to the household’s income. Their increased attendance in the gram sabha, the increasing number of women speaking out in the gram sabha, repeated interactions with government officials and access to banks and post offices are new developments. Then, the scheme will be very dynamic socio-economic energy to empower rural women in this century

One of the areas of statistics that is most commonly used in all fields of scientific investigation is that of probabilistic sampling. Obtaining good results in agricultural, biological and social research depends on successful, well-implemented adequate sampling plans. In this paper, we examine the problem of optimum allocation when dealing with response errors. The problem is formulated as a non linear programming problem with linear constraints and when non linearity occurs in the objective function. A solution procedure is developed using separable programming technique.

जीवन एक सादा सा कैनवास ही तो है , एकदम साफ आसमान की तरह, पर जब शाम के वक्त इस आसमान पर तरह – तरह के रंग उतरते है जैसे सुनहरा, लाल, नीला, सफेद तो अच्छा लगता है | मन करता है उसे बस उसे तकते रहो, निहारते रहों | विदेश में बसी महिला कथाकारों की कहानियाँ भी मुझें एसी ही लगी | संघर्ष और परिवर्तन का इन्सानी दस्तावेज़ है यह कहानियाँ | मन के नन्हें नन्हें दु: ख-सुख, छोटी-छोटी कमजोरियोँ का लेखा-जोखा | यही कथ्य को प्रभावशाली बनता है | धर्म का आतंकवादी रूख, परिवार का विघटन, नारी स्वातन्त्रय की ललक, मन का टुटापन, सभ्य और असभ्य समाज का स्प्ष्ट चेहरा यह सारे के सारे टूटे कॉच के टुकड़े से लगे, जिसे जोड़ने से पुरे समाज, सभ्यता और इन्सान का रूप सामने आ जाता है |

हिन्दी आलोचना के क्षेत्र में आचार्य नंददुलारे वाजपेयी के बाद उन्ही के शिष्य डॉ.विजय बहादुर सिंह ने अपनी प्रखर बौदधिकता के आधार पर हिंन्दी आलोचना के मानदंड निर्धारित किए हैं | सागर विश्वविद्यालय से आचार्य नंददुलारे जी की छत्र-छाया में पले बड़े हुए विजय जी ने ‘बृहत्त्रयी’ – प्रसाद, निराला और पंत, ‘कविता और संवेदना’, ‘जनकवि’, ‘नागुर्जुन का रचना संसार’, ‘पाश्चात्य काव्यशास्त्र’, ‘महादेवी की कविता का नेपथ्य’, ‘लोकप्रिय कवि भवानी प्रसाद मिश्र’, ‘वसंत पोतदार असाधारण गद्य शिल्पी’, ‘नागार्जुन संवाद’, ‘आलोचन का स्वदेश-आ.नंददुलारे वाजपेयी की जीवनी आलोचनात्मक रचनाओं का सुर्जन करके हिन्दी आलोचना को विकसित करने का प्रयास किया हैं |

भारताच्या परराष्ट्र धोरणाबाबतचे जे काही साहित्य उपलब्ध आहे त्यात असे दिसते की, भारताने पारंपारिक भूमिकेपासून ते वास्तवाद सिद्धांत नविन वास्तववादाचा सिद्धांत यांचा वापर परराष्ट्र धोरणाचा जागतिक राजकरणावरिल प्रभाव हा वेगवेगळ्या नेतृत्वामध्ये वेग-वेगळ्या प्रकारे कमी अधिक प्रमाणात पडलेला दिसून येतो. पंडित नेहरू ते आजपर्यत म्हणजे डॉ. मनमोहन सिंग यांच्यापर्यंत भारतीय परराष्ट्र धोरणाचे महत्त्व हे व्य्क्तीपारक वेग-वेगळे असलेले आढळून येते.

With the emergence of Internet, advent transformations been observed in every discipline, then how education could be immune to it. Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) is one such tool that emerged, imposing the class room education even without attending it. There are several such tools available both open source and commercial type for creating such environment virtually. Though Moodle and ATutor gained wide importance, but there are also other tools available which have been observed for smaller training and content management needs. Present paper discusses one such open source software called Dokeos. It also deals with its pre-requisites, features, installations and implementation at the user end.

QWL is a comprehensive, department- wide program designated to improve employee satisfaction, strengthening workplace learning and helping employees had better manage change and transition. Dissatisfaction with quality work of life is a problem, which affects almost all workers regardless of position or status. Many managers seek to reduce dissatisfaction in all organizational levels, including their own. This is a complex problem, however, because it is difficult to isolate and identify all of attributes, which affect the quality of work life. QWLhas also been viewed in a variety of ways including, as a movement, as a set of organizational interventions, a type of work life by employees. QWL efforts generally try to instill in employees the feelings of security, equity, pride, ownership, autonomy, responsibility and flexibility. They try to treat employees in a fair and a supportive way, to open up communication channels at all levels to offer employees opportunities to participate in decision affecting them, and to empower them to deliver results independently using their talents fully. To be successful, QWL programs must be planned thoroughly. The aspirations and attitudes of workers must be examined closely before launching any program. The work must be studied carefully and a congenial work atmosphere must be provided where the work itself provokes interest and workers genuinely desire to progress on their own.

Abstract:Education is the glory and crown of an individual and it is the most powerful instrument that can bring about desirable changes in the social, economic, cultural and political spheres of life of the people. The best dreams for a bright future can be blossomed only through critical thinking. Growth in science and technology is overwhelming and they provide challenges and opportunities for people in the field of education. Education today must enable students to meet the challenges ahead and demands of the working environment and daily living. Thus students not only need knowledge but also critical thinking skills in the years ahead.

Abstract:Thiruvalangadu is one of the thirty eight Saivite sthalams in Tamil Nadu. It is also called as Vadavanam and Vata Aranyam which is at a distance of sixty four kilometres from Chennai in the Chennai-Tiruvallore - Arakkonam road, or by train but the alighting point is about five kilometers from the village passenger trains and 1 suburban trains half at this station bearing the name of the village . The name 'Thiruvalangadu' might perhaps be derived from the words 'Alam' and 'Kadu' former in Tamil means 'Banyan tree' while the latter word refers to 'forest' 2and as it was customary to affix Thiru especially to a religious centre, 'Thiru' was affixed to Thiruvalangadu . . This place was therefore, a forest of banyan trees.

Abstract:The evolution from the empirical aspect has taken place primarily within matter, i.e., to the physical senses on which science bases itself, life appears as gradually emerging out of unconscious matter through a purely mechanical process. But on another side, mostly from the vision of the non-scientific traditions, the world has the appearance of an over mental creation rooted irretrievably in ignorance and suffering. Here, the quest of reality is still to be satisfied because of the above mentioned conflict theories. In Sri Aurobindo's ideology on evolution has a synthesis of both theories which appear as partial truths. For Him, the former describes the manifestation of the material universe out of consciousness but misses out on the dynamic link between the divine consciousness and the manifestation. The latter describes the outer mechanism of the evolution, but misses out on its inner meaning and the role of consciousness in the whole process. The two views cover a different aspect of the picture. As such they do not contradict but enrich and complement each other. Aurobindo adds to this synthesis of these two theories and furnishing the different planes of consciousness, for the possibility for achieving the earthly destiny, which he calls as the manifestation of the highest forms of Supramental consciousness.

Abstract:Depository is an organization which holds securities of investors in electronic form. The objectives of depository system are to reduce the time for transfer of securities, to avoid the risk of settlement of securities, to enhance liquidity and efficiency, to reduce cost of transaction for the investor, to create a system for the central handling of all securities, to promote the county's competitiveness by complying with global standards, to provide service infrastructure in a capital market. In this article, Investigator gave brief overview about depository participants, eligibility criteria for DPs and the legal framework of Depository system in India. In research, investigator has used a structured questionnaire for eliciting the required responses relating to Depository Services from the general public. For the purpose of secondary data books, articles, reports, annual reports of the stock exchanges, news papers and internet has been used.

Abstract:The The transformation in the pattern of agriculture in Ahmednagar district, which has been transformed from extensive to intensive use of land owes largely to the extension of irrigational ficilities. The district facing rainfall vagaries and wide variability of rainfall from the last few decades. The changes owe a great deal to variety of infrastructural developments and increase inputs in general and extensive and intensive irrigational role in particular. An attempt is made here, to study the impact of imitational changes on agricultural characteristics of the district which is existed after the advent of irrigation. Ahmednagar district has different sources of irrigation sources well, canal lift and other sources. The important sources available in the district are well and canal. Jowar, Bajore, Wheat account for a major share of cropping of land under tillage in the district. With the advent of irrigation, the shares of commercial crops are increased in total cultivated area of the district. The traditional subsistence agricultural structure of the study region appears to be crumbing or is in the process of transformation into market oriented, semi-commercial ized pattern.

Abstract:Math anxiety is described as “feelings of tension and anxiety that interfere with the manipulation of mathematical problems in a wide variety of ordinary life and academic situations” Studies indicate that math anxiety is found in elementary students, in high school students and in college students. The teaching of mathematics is a challenge to teachers because of its wide utility in all developmental programmes of mankind. This shows not only the importance of learning mathematics but also the need for revolutionizing the teaching of mathematics in schools. Though the teachers can teach the subject with the help of modern educational technology and more advanced effective method of teaching the students continue to fare badly in the subject. Hence, there must be some psychological factors like aptitude, attitude towards mathematics, mathematical creativity, test anxiety, interest, and also social factors like gender, type of a school, cultural back ground etc. influencing the learner in learning mathematics. It is well known that in National competitive examinations like IIT, CAT, MAT, Medical entrance examinations, AICTE, AIIMS, GATE, SSC, UPSC and NDAexams where CBSE board students are showing excellent performance in mathematics when compared to state board school students. The investigators want to find out why the state board school students are not able to perform in par with CBSE students even though both are from same locality, getting quality education and belonging to same age group. The sample of this research consists of 300 Post Primary (8th Standard) students from two educational boards (CBSE and SBSE). Mathematics anxiety questionnaire is used for the present study to collect the data. The 't-Test' have been used to find the Mean score difference in Mathematics anxiety and the findings show that there is mean score difference in Mathematics anxiety among students between the groups based on various educational boards. Hence, it is concluded that different educational boards (CBSE and SBSE) does influence the Mathematics anxiety of Students.

Abstract:William Wordsworth is a mystic poet. He is a great worshipper of Nature. He believes that Nature has its own soul and own spirit. Wordsworth always perceives the presence of God in Nature. P.B. Shelley is a revolutionary poet. He is always having optimistic inspiration. His poetry reveals world of joy, love and hope. Shelley's poetry is all alive with loneliness in man and nature. John Keats and a few great Pre-Raphaelite poets only observe and feel the beauties of nature. For them a thing of beauty is a joy forever. But nature plays a great role in Hardy's novels. Hardy believes that nature has its own beautiful aspects as well as nature has other aspects too like cruelty, indifference and caprice. Not as a background, but as an actor in the play, Nature is always present in the story of the novels of Hardy and also plays a great role in the lives of the heroes and heroines of Hardy's novels. Thus, herein this paper, a comparative study of a few romantic poets and Hardy's attitude to Nature has been done.

The use of fertilizer has become common phenomenon in contemporary agriculture and has augmented productivity considerably. Chemical fertilizers in particular are one of the important inputs to agriculture. It scale of application has been rightly regarded as the yardstick of agricultural prosperity of the region. Fertilizer is landsaving as well as lab our-saving input and land-saving input and land augmenting character has attracted much attention. Recent experience has shown that in the absence of organic manures, use of fertilizers alone has given ! very profitable returns. In view of difficiency in nutrients in the soils, the supply of fertilizers becomes inevitable particularly in the developing countries like India where agriculture has prominent place in the national economy. Thus fertilizer plays vital role in boosting up agricultural production.

Abstract:With 'Twinning Programs'; 'Joint Degree' initiatives; 'Study Abroad' programs; 'Mobility of Learners' and the need for offering flexible curricular choices to them, it has now become necessary to take serious relook at the system and introduce reforms. The UGC has time and again recommended for improving the quality and effectiveness of higher education in the country. An important concern voiced more strongly in recent times is the need to develop a Credit Based Evaluation System in tune with global trends and the adoption of a sound grading system for reflecting learner's performance. The curriculum under this system has been proposed to upgrade the standards of teaching via classroom lectures, laboratory techniques, seminars, field studies, assignments, projects, discussions, etc. Credit Based Evaluation is pivotal in enhancing learning opportunities, matching learner's needs and aspirations, inter institution transferability, providing flexibility for a program completion over an extended period of time, standardisation/comparability of programs across the country etc. To evaluate the students during program, CCE is employed with striking features of grading system, formative and summative evaluation, formative feedback and transparent/tangible evaluation process. Although a very empowering system, it still suffers from issues of nomenclature, content equivalence, degree of openness/ restrictedness, evaluation strategies etc.

Abstract:A single crystal of Bis glycine maleate has been grown from aqueous solution by slow evaporation method by optimizing the growth parameters within a period of 45 days. From the x-ray diffraction the crystal was found to be crystallize in hexagonal structure with a=7.402 Å, b=7.04 Å, c= 5.48 Å and á=â=90°, ã =120°. The functional group was confirmed in FTIR analysis. The UV-Vis spectral analysis has revealed the absence of high absorption region between 200 to 800nm. The optical band gap was calculated and found to be 4.06 eV. The photoconductivity study confirmed that it is a positive photoconductivity

Abstract:With the growing adaption of internet in the daily activities by the medium and upper class of India, searching for a job that best suits you is now at the finger tips. One can find the jobs that match his skills, academic background and professional experience, if any, by just a click of the mouse or tapping on the screen of his mobile phone or tablet. There are several popular job sites in India that provide information on various openings and also on other relevant topics. These job-portals along with social media platforms have opened new horizons for job surfing as well as profile mapping by the prospective employers. Internet is becoming the most important place to find the best suited talent for organization. Companies and recruitment agents have moved much of their recruitment process online so as to improve the speed by which candidates can be matched with live vacancies. Using database technologies, and online job advertising boards and search engines, employers can now fill posts in a fraction of the time previously possible. Anew survey has revealed that internet users in India spend an average of 58 hours a week online; that's more than half the time they are awake. Job searching has come out to be the crucial activity for most of the web users in India. E- recruitment is getting popular among the recruiters and candidates as it saves their time, money, widens the search, scope for better match, standardization, speedy communication. The main objective of this study is to find out the various factors that affect the job seekers acceptance and involvement over erecruitment. The strengths and opportunities for the e-recruitment portals and new models for the online job portals shall also be studied in this paper.

Abstract:This article is a humble attempt to study about the radical changes in geographical structure by a strong storm in the southern most part of India. The storm was the cause for the formation of creates sixteen new islands. Among these, Rameswaram Island only has dwelling places. As Rameswaram island was detached from the main land, where the people suffered a lot for transport and other purposes. During the eighteenth century A.D., the island was under the direct rule of Sethupathi of Ramanathapuram; they arranged a ferry service for connecting the island with the main land. When the island came under the British rule, it was connected with the main land by a train bridge in the first quarter of the twentieth century A.D. After India got freedom, Rameswaram Island was connected with the main land by a road bridge. The train and road transport paved way for creating many changes and development in the socio-economic life of the people of Rameswaram Island.

Abstract:Bapsi Sihwa's Cracking India, was originally published in 1988 as Ice-Candy-Man and was re-published as Cracking India in 1991. Born in 1938, Sidhwa was from a Parsee community and grew up in Lahore. Having witnessed the Partition when she was young, Sidhwa represents her own experience through the narrator's eyes in the novel. Cracking India is considered Sidhwa's semi-autobiography, in which she gives the eight-year-old narrator, Lenny, the same background as hers—a Parsee who grew up in Lahore and suffered from polio. The story of Cracking India is set in Lahore, a city which is now in Pakistan and close to the border between India and Pakistan. This location permits us to see the events that happened right in the center of the Partition.

Abstract:Binoy Mazumdar's Bengali poem sequence, Firay Esho Chaka, translated into English as Come Back, Chaka [Wheel] by Sreedhar Mukhopadhyay and also in fragments by Buddhodeb Basu and Jyotirmoy Datta, is a cyclic saga of segregation. Dedicated to Gayatri Chakraborty, these poems peel out the layers of poet's pathos on account of his unrequited love. Binoy's anguish, as spontaneously overflown through his pen, begins with the inevitable yet inescapable sense of loss and yearning leading to an apprehensive cum futile craving: “respective spaces think of/ a suffocating union for ages together” (“8 March, 1960”; Kabitirtha, 111). This paper aims at highlighting, how like a typical absurd literary piece, the existential crisis of the poet makes his poetry a splendid static flood of frustration where nothing happens except repeating of bereavement, wheeling of the wound; in the beginning lies the end.

Abstract:This paper reviews aspects of systems, standards and interfaces for the modern food industry. It presents processing and packaging principles, methods, techniques, standards, interfaces, and state-of-the-art technology. The primary purpose of this paper is to update the information in this domain so that not only the novice practitioner will gain much out of this review but the system integrators, researchers, and the stakeholders as well. In addition that, in the packaging industry the speed of packaging machines and flexibility is a major factor in determining the quantity of packaged product being produced. This paper presents a machine vision approach to inspecting the integrity of food packing seals. Akind of new method for inspecting food packing seals was used, the method meets currently the industry's requirements for high-speed and accuracy quality inspection, with low associated production costs.

Abstract:The present research was conducted to ascertain the incidence of behaviour problems among preschoolers in Jammu city. It further aimed to know the age trends in behaviour problems among preschoolers. The information was collected through Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) from the parents (n=150) of preschoolers, 50 each from three age groups viz. 3-4 year, 4-5 year and 5-6 year. Observation was conducted to supplement the data. Purposive sampling technique was adopted for the selection of nursery schools and day care centres from which the entire sample was identified and for the selection of parents, random sampling technique was used. The findings of the study indicated that some behaviour problems were found to be common among preschoolers like fearing school, crying a lot, demanding attention, being stubborn, impulsiveness, not eating well, anxiety and arguing. Significant difference was found with regard to the behaviour problems between the three age groups. It was interpreted that with the advancement in age; there is a decrease in the incidence of behaviour problems like uncommunicativeness and anxiety among preschoolers. Delinquency was observed only in case of 5-6 year old children. Depression was noticed to be increasing with age. Somatic complaints were not prevalent among the sample children. There was significant difference on the mean score of CBCLof 3-4 and 4-5 year old children and 5- 6 and 3-4 year olds, while insignificant difference was found between 4-5 and 5-6 year old children.

Abstract:Ever since the dawn of human civilization, crime has been a baffling problem. The English society dated back in the early 12th and 13th centuries, considered only those acts as crime which were committed against the State or religion. Surprisingly but true, murder was not considered as crime, whereas offences like treason, rape, and blasphemy were treated as crime.

Abstract:What is Discipline : Discipline carries with if orderliness, obedience and maintenance it proper subordination among employees and a sort of cheek or restraint on the Liberty of individual. It is a training that corrects moulds, strengthens or perfects the individual behavior and is the force which prompts an individual or group to observe certain rules, regulations and procedure that are deemed to be necessary to the attainment of an objective.

Abstract:The purpose of this research paper is to illustrate the industrial needs for Information Systems Security Engineering(ISSE) in order to build Information Assurance (IA) into a system rather than the current costly practice of fixing systems after production. Extensive research was performed by collecting information from throughout the World Wide Web to include sites such as the Workshop for Application of Engineering Principles to System Security Design, as well as many others. This research realized the following findings: (1) IAis dangerously left out of systems engineering processes; (2) a consortium from academia, industry and the federal government have formalized ISSE and its processes; (3) federally sponsored and industrially sponsored professional certifications exist for security engineers practicing ISSE; (4) ISSE, however, is not greatly used today due to a lack of understanding and a perceived high cost; (5) end-users are beginning to understand IA and are calling for more secure systems. This paper was written to illustrate a way forward, a method to bring ISSE to the frontlines of systems engineering and bring to life a notional concept of Designing for Security. This paper does not provide quantitative analyses as to the benefits of ISSE vs. the initial up front costs; however, further research should be accomplished in the future to address this. In conclusion, I recommend that ISSE must be identified as a critical component of the systems engineering lifecycle and be properly utilized to ensure that future products meet the IA demands of the end user. To achieve this, academia must build degree programs to educate ISSE and incorporate ISSE into existing degree programs; industry and the federal government must both embrace these principles and apply these techniques to their postproduction, active engineering as well as new program developments.

Financial inclusion is the process of ensuring access to appropriate financial products and services needed by vulnerable group such as weaker sections and low Income groups at an affordable cost in a fair and transparent manner by mainstream institutional player. Financial inclusion has become one of the most critical aspects in the context of inclusive growth and development. The importance of an inclusive financial system is widely recognized in policy circles and has because a policy priority in many countries.

Abstract:Electronic Waste is simply known as “e-waste”. Electronic waste is term used to describe old, end of life electronic appliances, such as- computer VCRs, DVD players, mobile phones, fax machines laptops, mp3 players etc. which have been disposed by their original users. E-waste contains hazardous constituent that may negatively impact the environment and affect human health if not properly managed. It has been observed that in most of the cases, electronic items are stored unattended because of lack of knowledge about their management. The main aim of this study was to assess knowledge of young adults towards e-waste. A total of 120 respondents (60 from semi urban) were selected from Lucknow city .The data were collected using a self made administered interview schedule along with knowledge scale. The data was coded, tabulated and analyzed to test the frequency, percentage, t-test, and anova and coefficient correlation by using SPSS (version 20). The findings of the study revealed that respondents of semi urban area were having more knowledge than respondents of urban area

Abstract:Epidemiology is defined by John Last as the study of the distribution and determinants of health –related states or events in specified population and the application of this study to control of diseases and other health problems”.

भूदान स्वरूपात जीवनाच्या एका नव्या मार्गाचे दर्शन होते. परस्परसहाय्य, सहकारी तत्वावर सामाजिक बदल व प्रचलीत आर्थिक साच्यात बदला घडवून सामाजिक विषमता नष्ट करणे व नव्या नैतिक मूल्यावर आधारीत समाजाची निर्मिती करणे हे भूदान चळवळीचे ध्येय होते.सामाजिक शांतता प्रस्थापित करायची असेल, ख-या अर्थाने लोकशाहीचा विकास घडवून आणायचा असेल तर भूमी संपत्ती यांच्या स्वामित्वाची भावना नष्ट झाली पाहिजे .हा विश्वशांतीचा संदेश सबंध जगाला विनोबांनी आपल्या भूदानातून दिला .

Abstract: Bankrupt firms and commercial establishments make many problems for governments and users of financial information to investors and creditors to load special pin and increase the risk of investment. Better decisions are made and the resulting liquidity problems and financial investors and the company are prevented. One of the most important models is the model which can predict corporate bankruptcy. The bankruptcy prediction models, can help investors exposure to companies that are in bankruptcy, have been identified and their capital to invest in a better place. Hence conservatism as a model to study the rate of change, in this study, 102 companies listed on the Stock Exchange in the form of bankrupt and non-bankrupt companies used. Most of the Altman model and artificial neural network is less than, but of the two models is much less expensive.

Abstract:The International Financial Reporting Standards aim to make international financial reporting comparisons as easy as possible because each country has its set of accounting rules, over the years, the use of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as a universal financial reporting language is gaining momentum across the globe. Several countries have implemented IFRS and converged their national GAAP to IFRS. More than 100 countries and 12000 companies throughout the world, including the 27 European Union member states, require or permit the use of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs), developed by the IASB. India also apply the IFRS from 1st April,2011 to include all listed companies, all banking companies, all financial institutions, all scheduled commercial banks, all insurance companies etc. IFRS implementation affects several areas of the business entity, such as presentation of accounts, the accounting policies and procedures, the way legal documents are drafted, the way the entity looks at its assets and their usage, as well as the its communications with its stakeholders and also the way it conducts its business. So the present paper focuses on challenges and opportunities for application of IFRS before Indian companies.

Mathematics is considered as an exceptionally difficult subject by majority of the students. The pass percentage of high school examination in this subject is very low in comparison to other subjects of the school curriculum. Normally in a classroom it is difficult for a teacher to reach to all the students due to heterogeneous group of students and student teacher ratio. Hence there is a need of using innovative teaching methodology alongwith in classroom teaching. Therefore, this paper is an attempt to highlight the role of CAI (Computer Assisted Instruction) in teaching of mathematics

भारत हा कृषीप्रधान देश आहे . आज सुद्धा शेतीवर अवलंबून असलेल्या लोकसंख्येचे प्रमाण जवळपास ६५ टक्के आहे . कृषी व्यवसायावरचे अवलंबीत्व कमी झालेले नाही . परंतु राष्ट्रीय उत्पन्नाचा हिस्सा मात्र कमी झाला आहे . भारतीय शेती आज सुद्धा पारंपारिक पद्धतीने करणा-यांची संख्या मोठी आहे . भारतीय शेतीत संसाधनांचा वापर कार्यक्षमपणे होत नाही हे अनेक अभ्यासकांनी सिद्ध केले आहे . शेतक-यांचे जीवन शेतीतून मिळणार्र्या उत्त्पन्नावर अवलंबून आहे . शेती उत्पादक चांगले घेऊ शकतील, परंतु त्या उत्पादनाचे उत्पन्नात रुपांतर करणे त्यांच्या हातात नसून ते सर्वस्वी कृषी बाजारावर अवलंबून आहे .

Abstract:The issue of crop diversification is most vital in the market reforms. Since, currently farming is not up to subsistence level as before new agricultural strategy but commercial enterprises. This study is based on primary field survey in different crop regions in West-Bengal. For a better study, the study area is divided between developed, less developed and common samples. The study is classified according to acreage analysis and economic class analysis. Thus according to acreage analysis it is clearly revealed that higher acreage group in developed samples cultivates (winter) rabi crop in large area than higher acreage group in less developed samples. On the other hand, the higher acreage group in less developed samples cultivates kharif (summer) crop in large area. Regarding Economic class analysis, similar picture arises on the issue of sown area of different crops that the self employed middle peasants owned major portion of sown area in common samples, developed samples, and less developed samples. Crop diversification is greater among higher economic class

Increasing concern regarding the ethical and effective treatment of diverse populations requires that counsellors begin to consider the effects of culture and society dynamics on counselling process. The increasing diversity of the Indian population is often mentioned in the rationale for giving increased attention to the impact of social cultural differences on counselling process. Human diversity affects nearly every aspect of counselling process, therefore counsellors need to use new framework to understand themselves and diverse the clients and to guide them in counselling process.

Abstract:India lives in villages and rural economy is the heart of National Economy. In India near about 68.80(provisional data of 2011 census) people lives in villages and their life is fully depends upon agriculture sector. Living standard of these people is comparatively low with urban people. Employment is generated only by agriculture and allied activities in rural area. Considering these circumstances Small Scale Industrial sector plays an important role in Indian economy in terms of employment generation. Main advantage of this small scale industrial sector is that, it is labour intensive and not capital intensive and India has rich human resources. In the present situation of financial crises and employment problem is re-emphasizing the need of the development of self employment and development. The small scale industry gives opportunities to the less educated people and local human resources of the society. Small and medium industries are treated as engine of the growth for the developing countries like India. As per the available statistics (fourth census of MSME sector) this sector employees an estimated 59.7 million persons spread over 26.1 million enterprises and the labour intensity in this sector is almost 4 times higher than the large scale enterprises. Taking in to consideration the importance of small and medium industrial sector in employment generation a study has been taken in this area with special reference of Parbhani District of Marathwada Region in Maharashtra State.

Abstract:Quality of work life is an important indicator and yardstick for any organization to measure its overall performance and overall satisfaction of its stakeholder's .Quality of work life is comprising of several factors which are influencing the quality of work life in different dimensions. Quality of work life of this industry is concerned the safety, healthy work environment, adequate and fair compensation and social relevance are undedicated by the internal stakeholders (Employees).Also the lower level workers don't have ,that much amount of quality of work life that is why they don't have that much level of involvement in their company. Hence to bring-up the expected level of involvement of the employees they must be provided enough amount of training and they must be given on –par treatment while compare with the rest of the level of employees of their organization.

श्री रमेश सोबती के काव्य में मानवीय मूल्यों की.......

Abstract:The independent India, at the age of about 60 years is shining with its economic growth marked at 9.2% for the second quarter of 2011-12. However, at this desirable and worth appreciating growth rate, its basic sector (agriculture) is still limping with a mere 1.7% for the same period. Notwithstanding the fact that the main stream economy still depends heavily on the rural economy with its contribution of about 50% to the GDP while the contribution of agriculture per se is only 21%, it is a pity that the economy marks an un-bridgeable chasm between is an economy of 23 to 30 percent which is impregnable by the economic, political and administrative processes of India.

Abstract:The Indian sugar industry is a key driver of rural development. The industry is supporting over 50 million farmers and their families, along with workers and entrepreneurs almost 550 sugar mills. Sugar is a sector of significant importance to the national economy. Maharashtra produces about 36 percent of the total sugar produced in the country and rank second next to Uttar Pradesh. The development of sugar co-operatives in Maharashtra is due to the favourable policy of government regarding the prices of sugar and sugarcane. The Co-operative sugar industry has been playing an important role in the development of rural Maharashtra. In recent years, sugarcane production has decelerated to a great extent due to water and power shortage. Special attention is needed to be given on water resource management. Adequate and regular power supply to sugarcane growers and sugar factories would increase production and productivity. To enhance share of Indian sugar industry in global trade, quality and quantity of sugar needs to be enhanced.

Abstract:In this paper that the unemployment situation and wage employment radically different from the earlier ones as it emphasized on revamping the delivery mechanisms. The NREG Act was introduced with an aim of improving the purchasing power of the rural people, primarily semi or unskilled work to people living in rural India. The manual work needs to create sustainable assets that promote the economic and infrastructure development of village. It is expected that study would provide useful insight to the planners and policy makers as well as academicians and researchers, in the field of wage employment. MGNREGA is one of the wage employment programme.

तरतूद करण्यात आली असली तरी विणकर व कारागिरांसाठी पेन्शन योजना सुरु करावी, बचत निधी आणि सहाय्य निधी उपलब्ध करून द्यावा, तसेच मोठ्या प्रमाणात शिक्षणासाठी निधी उपलब्ध करून देणे गरजेचे आहे. हातमाग हस्तकला व्यवसायांचा विकास मोठ्या प्रमाणावर घडवून आणावयाचा असेल तर बचत गटांचा सहभाग वाढविणे गरजेचे आहेत . त्यामुळे मोठ्या प्रमाणात रोजगाराच्या संधी उपलब्ध होतील . तसेच या व्यवसायांना मिळणा-या वाढ करणे गरजेचे आहे.

Abstract:The aim of this study is to find out “The effect of suryanamaskar and Swiss ball training on selected physical variables on sedentary girls”. Forty five healthy, untrained girls were selected from Yenepoya Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, for this research. The subjects were divided randomly into three equal groups namely one control and two experimental groups consisting of fifteen girls in each group. The subject's age ranged between 18 to 23 years. Experimental groups were given 12 weeks suryanamaskar and Swiss ball training and the control groups were not allowed to participate in any of the training programmes. The training programme was given three days in a week for 45 minutes. Each group was tested before and after the training on abdominal strength. The data were computed statistically by using (anocova) to find out the significant changes. The result reveals that the suryanamaskar practice group and Swiss ball training group has significant effect on abdominal strength of sedentary girls when compared to control group.

Abstract: “If we can come up with a system which allows everybody access to credit while ensuring excellent repayment ,I can give you a guarantee that poverty will not last long” Prof Dr. Mohammad Yunus.