Maulvi Fazle Haq Khairabadi, a renowned scholar of Islamic learning, played the most active role in the Indian revolt of 1857. He also mobilised the Muslim masses through religious decrees to wage war against the British Government. It is also said that he had prepared a temporary constitution for the rebel Government of Delhi and was also a member of the military council, which was practically controlling all the rebel administration. After the re-occupation of Delhi by the British, Maulvi continued his anti-British activities by joining the revolutionaries of Lucknow and Awadh. In the last, Maulvi Khairabadi surrendered and after a short trial, he was transported to Andaman Islands for life imprisonment, where he died and buried.

It is an established fact that women had no gender discrimination in Vedic age. Boys and girls alike had initiation (upanayana) ceremony before they started their studies in a gurukula or hermitage. But, only a few girls must have taken to austerities of hard life and in depth study of vedic lore. Majority of girls as in any clime and country preferred cozy home-life, cultivated various arts and crafts and became good housewives. These were known as sadyövadhus.

On behalf of the Aigur Raja, the discontented peasants in that country also joined their hands en masse.4The peasants of the western region of Karnataka especially, Balam and Canara carried into effect systematic preparation for the impending crisis. The villagers also contributed money of Five percent of the Sircar revenue of the arms and ammunition for the rebels. A large number of inhabitants thus whole -heartedly joined KrishnappaNayaka. This paper examines Krishnappanayaka in sircar revenue of the arms and ammunition for the rebels.

The basis of this research is to study the impact of value added tax(vat)in India as well as across the India. The VAT is a tax on the final consumption of goods or services and is ultimately borne by the consumer although it is collected at every stage of production or distribution and a tax credit is granted at each stage for tax paid at the earlier stage in the chain of transfer sale of goods or services till it reaches the final consumer. It is chargeable at every point of sale/transfer of goods and services. The mechanism of VAT is quite simple and easy to understand. The states, who have not yet implemented the VAT, have to understand the problems being faced by the trading community at large and should implement the VAT as quickly as possible so as to reduce the concerns of trade. This would pave the way for initiating the steps for the introduction of the GST in a near future. it would be necessary to initiate the steps for ensuring a uniform value added tax law across the country which would then pave the wave for implementation of a common GST across the country

Herbal medicines have been a part of human life through the past centuries. At present, there are many types of plants discovered which possess medicinal properties. Tridax Procumbens is one of the most common plants used by rural and tribal communities to cure various health ailments. This plant contains a large number of medicinal compounds which are useful for further studies. But some toxic compounds are also present in it which is harmful for human lives and their separation and identification from the leaves extract is very important. These compounds are Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids. Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids are a group of naturally occurring alkaloids based on the structure of Pyrrolizidine. Its identification from the Ethanol+ Deionized water extract can be done through TLC using Ehrlich reaction method of mattocks. Then after the identification of Pyrrolizidine alkaloids through TLC, we got its spectra by the help of IR Spectroscopy

प्रगतिवादी काव्य सन 1936 के आसपास से जन जागरण को लेकर उदय हुआ था | प्रगतिवादी रचना और आलोचन के क्षेत्र में नवीन दृष्ट्कोंण लेकर आया | प्रगतशील साहित्य सामाजिक सरोकार का है वह कल्पना लोक में उड़ने वाले साहित्य को नकली तथा निर्जीव मानता है| यह युग परतंत्रता का युग था ।

पंजाब के फीरोजपुरमें जन्मीं सुषम बेदी हिंदी के समकालीन कथा और उपन्यास साहित्य में एक जाना- माना नाम है| उनकी पहली 1978 में साहित्यिक पत्रिका ‘कहानी’ में प्रकाशित हुई और 1984से वे नियमित रूप से प्रकाशित होती रही है| उनकी रचनाओं भारतीय और पश्चिमी सांस्कृति के बीच झुलतेप्रवासी भारतीय के मानसिक आदोंलन का सूंदर चित्रण हुआ है|

When the criminalization of politics and corruption reached in an uncontrollable stage the Govt of India constitute Vohra committee to study the situation and to report before the government. After giving the report it is failed to execute the suggestions. In the next stage government again directed the Director of IB and others to conduct the investigation and to report. All these reports are submitted to government but the government again failed to execute the suggestions made by these committees. Because of these reasons the political corruption and crimnalisation of politics are still in the same path.

The presents study seeks to assess political participation of women from two aspects namely the participation by the general body of the women and the participation by the women in the decision making process. The study attempts to make a comparative analysis of rural urban and tribal women as voters, as companioning, organizational participation, agitational participant and participation through media. The study also aims at analyzing the socio-economic and overall empowerment of the women representatives in the local self government bodies as decision makers. The study has considered education, age, nature of family, religion, castes, marital status, occupations, income and political background as variables to measures the extent of political participation by women. Importance of this study will be a boost for enhancement of the development of social, economic, educational as well as political identity of women.

Risk perception of obesity among adolescents contributes to a greater extent in creating an awareness about obesity as it poses a significant impact on physical and psychological health in later years. The aim of the study was to know the influence of selected variables on risk perception of obesity among adolescents. The data was elicited through a survey method by using a self structured questionnaire. For the purpose 200 adolescents (100 boys and 100 girls) in the age range of 12 -16 years were selected at random from a school in Bangalore city. Significant association was found with regard to mothers' education, occupation and risk perception of obesity of adolescents. It is concluded that mothers' education and occupation contributes to a better risk perception of obesity among adolescents.

The present work has the aim to proportionate the reflection on the benefits of breast-feeding for both baby and mother emphasizing the help that you eat from breast-feeding, the physical, psychological and emotional is the child's development. Beyond incentivating and informing that breastfeeding Simpsons complexing agents to the relation of two, where mother and child have the opportunity of living their fantasies in giving and loving each other that important and 'meaningful' which to them. We notice the big attention from the governors organization and from the United Nations to give each child a better future. The FHP has been colaborating envolving the whole family in the breast-feeding process, specially the father who has an important role in breast-feeding bringing up an affective link betuveen the three mother + father = child with the world.

To Be a leader in organizations today is a task that requires a high degree of competence and the development of certain skills. The present work deals with the leadership serving prnciples of James C. Hunter, having as objective to identify the profile of the leader server in three public organizations in the State of Rondonia by Leadership Skills Inventory (LSI), they are the 3RD Sub group of Firemen / 4 (1) Grouping of Firefighters - Military Firemen of Rondonia, to the brazilian mail Post Office of President Medici City, and the Federal University of Rondonia campus of Cacoal City. The data collection was carried out by the application of questionnaires, to leaders as a form of self-evaluation, and to subordinates as assessment of leadership that they were being submitted. The sample was random, simple and without replacement. It has been found that generally the leaders have a good performance, however needing to improve some behaviors. The skills identified by Hunter and verified by a questionnaire are of extreme importance to analyze and make sure at what level the leadership is being exercised, however they are principles applicable only in Christian organizations and operated as tools of empirical evaluation, inasmuch as it is not a scientific method.

To Be a leader in organizations today is a task that requires a high degree of competence and the development of certain skills. The present work deals with the leadership serving prnciples of James C. Hunter, having as objective to identify the profile of the leader server in three public organizations in the State of Rondonia by Leadership Skills Inventory (LSI), they are the 3RD Sub group of Firemen / 4 (1) Grouping of Firefighters - Military Firemen of Rondonia, to the brazilian mail Post Office of President Medici City, and the Federal University of Rondonia campus of Cacoal City. The data collection was carried out by the application of questionnaires, to leaders as a form of self-evaluation, and to subordinates as assessment of leadership that they were being submitted. The sample was random, simple and without replacement. It has been found that generally the leaders have a good performance, however needing to improve some behaviors. The skills identified by Hunter and verified by a questionnaire are of extreme importance to analyze and make sure at what level the leadership is being exercised, however they are principles applicable only in Christian organizations and operated as tools of empirical evaluation, inasmuch as it is not a scientific method.

Absenteeism is referred to herein as failure of employees to report for work when they are scheduled to work. Employees who are away from work on recognized holidays, vacations, approved leaves of absence, or leaves of absence allowed for under the collective agreement provisions would not be included

Ambedkar was a learned scholar, an astute political statesman and a revolutionary social reformer who had written on varied issues concerning economy, history, society, polity, law, dalits, women and on education. One would see a gradual transformation in his writings with ever increasing involvement and confrontations that he had with his adversaries. From attempting to change the heart of the caste Hindus to the distruction of the sanctity behind the shastras, Ambedkar's writings shaped the characater and mind of the society that he lived in. The paper attempts to explore this transition in his writings and the reason for this transformation

Business sector has gained it momentum year after year .Earlier every Business was confined to only maximization of profits but because of continuously changing environment ,along with earning profit ,the concept of social welfare also came into the picture .Due to the Cut Throat Competition and rat race ,everyone wants to be on the top and using all sorts of methods and practices ,whether right or wrong ,ethical or unethical to run business .On the moral side ,every business forms the part of society and should not cheat them .Here comes the need for the persons who actually blows the whistle relating to violation of law or Improper or Unethical Activity to speed up proper investigation relating to it. Whistle Blowing is a very effective tool to make every business to move on the right path which somehow forgot its right direction.

The aim of the present paper was to determine level of general well-being in adolescent girls and boys. Data of 30 adolescent girls and 30 adolescent boys was collected by using 'General Well-Being Test' by Dr. Ashok Kalia and Dr. Anita Deswal. Statical methods such as arithmetic mean, standard deviation and Z – Test were used for data analysis. Results shows that level of general well-being is higher in adolescent girls than boys.

To discover one's true nature is self - realization and this is equivalent to true freedom. The process of self - realization involves mastery over one's nature. Bhagvad Gita and its Karma philosophy regard self - realization or enlightenment as the ultimate goal in a man's life, although the methods for the attainment of this goal may vary from man to man. Soul i.e. Atman acquires harmony with the Supreme Soul or almighty who is Paramatma or God. The unambiguous identification of soul is vibrantly hypothesized in the various schools of Indian philosophy. The aim of life as conceived in the Upanishads and other holy scriptures is to overcome ignorance - by attaining full enlightenment or Gyana. Prof. M. Hiriyani also sums up this essence and pith of Indian philosophy as:

हिंदी साहित्य के पटल पर प्रेमचंद एक ऐसे रचनाकार है जिन्होंने साहित्य को मनोरंजन से वास्तविक धरातल तक लेकर आए | उनकी रचनाओं में समाज के सभी वर्ग की समस्याओं का चित्रण मिलता है| रचनाकाल के प्रारंभिक युग में उन पर गांधीवादी का प्रभाव था इसलिए उनकी अधिकतर में आदिनिर्मुक यथार्थवाद दिखाई देता है| ‘बड़े धर की बेटी’,सेवासदन का प्रारंभिक रचनाएँ इसके प्रमाण है| लेकिन प्रेमचंद को अपनी आदर्शवादी रचनाओं का असर समाज पर पड़ता हुआ दिखाई नहीं दिया |

'Providing safe drinking water to all' is incorporated as one of the millennium development goals adopted by United Nations. After certain delay in realizing the necessity of having national policy on water, India framed its first water policy in 1987, subsequently on 2002 and 2012. Discourses emerged out of the policies, institutions or legislations on water are; river water dispute, water for agriculture and industrial purposes, water pollution, water conservation, water management etc has got its place and priority. But, there is no matter of differences in accepting these issues are of national significance. Privatisation or commodification of water is the manifestation of Neo-liberal Policy. However, such privatization process was simultaneously or even before the incorporation of its agenda is identified to be started and grown in Indian Social Scenario. The article attempts to identify and describe one of the ignored Social phenomena of Indian Social reality in the case of commodification of drinking water i.e., consumption of packaged water. Packaged water includes bottled water, can water, water pockets, etc. Need not be a Social Scientist, even lay man can perceive the experience of packaged water consumption. It may be outdated if it is referred that the lay man only in metro cities can have the experience. Article also tries to bring out rationale for how these social phenomena is not negligible to be ignored considering its necessity, effects and future potentiality of its market in Society. The argument of article is constructed by adopting the method of content analysis of relevant government's policy documents and news articles of newspaper, interpreting the related secondary data.

India is one of the countries having a large concentration of tribal population. In this respect, it ranks second in the world and comes next only to Africa. There are 537 different tribal communities spread all over India. As far as jammu and Kashmir is concerned, according to 2011 census, the Scheduled Tribe population was 14,93,299 , it recorded a growth of 1% and reflected as 11.9% ST's in state as compared to 2001 census in which the tribal population was shown as 10.9% only.Thirteen tribes have been scheduled in respect of Jammu and Kashmir. One such tribe in J&K is Gujjar. In Jammu and Kashmir, Gujjars form the third largest majority in terms of their ethnic identity after the Kashmiri Muslims and Dogra Hindus. They are nomadic, practice transhumance or seasonal migration with their livestock. The Gujjars mainly raise buffaloes and are pastoral in J&K. Gujjar women of Jammu and Kashmir form a distinct category. They share the backwardness of the Gujjar community and yet at the same time they also share the deprivation from which women suffer in Jammu and Kashmir. They form the lowest category in terms of the various indices of social and economic status.they live in utter deprivation due to poverty,illiteracy ,early marriage,nomadic way of life,superstitions,traditional neglect and lack of awareness about welfare schemes.The objective of the present study is to evaluate the socio-economic conditions affecting the tribal Gujjar women and to give suitable suggestions to overcome their status of continued backwardness and deprivation.

Inclination measurement is an area of continuous research where many instruments have been developed to provide functionality as per the requirement of the system. Although variety of instruments is already present, Microcontroller based inclination measurement system provides low cost solution where higher precision is not required. The system also provides inclinations of remotely located surfaces which allow us to monitor them without actual observation. Such kinds of applications are generally found in chemical/pharmaceutical industries where raw chemicals/ingredients are mixed in typical blenders.

-Agricultural is the riskiest sector. Farmers frequently face floods, drought, pests, disease, and a plethora of other natural disasters. But farming is inevitable for the man's existence, hence despite all odds, farming has been in existence since the caveman turned his spear in for a hoe. Farming has come a long way since then; nevertheless risk has increased in the farming more so after the introduction of new economic reforms in 1991, and accent to WTO. In the turbulent phase for agriculture; few farmers unable to bear the extreme pressures are resorting to extreme step of ending their precious lives. All though academicians, intelligentsia commonly attribute suicide to external circumstances such as crop failure, debt, divorce, loss of job as standard causes. But most of the eminent sociologists and psychologists believe that these events are triggers rather than causes in themselves. 210069 farmers committed suicide which is 14.24 percent of the total suicides from 1997 to 2012. Suicide Victim Farmers were more in the age group of 30 to 44 (37 %), followed by 15 to 29 years (27 %). The reasons for suicides are multifold the important causes for suicides in India in general are 1) family Problems, 2) prolonged Illness, 3) insanity and 4) love affairs. The important reasons for farms suicides are 1) Indebtedness 2) Crop failure and low return 3) Illness of family members 4) Inability to arrange finance for marriage of daughter 5) Lack of income –earning opportunities from subsidiary occupations 6) Inadequate facility for value addition to agriculture produce.

Physical Education & Activities forms a vital part involving educational system even when it never ever received the value it should get. Even though it truly is included in the curriculum from the early levels of schooling, it never been used seriously because of the educational facilitators, the academicians and the students. Physical Education will be the only vocation where people talk along with play and perform. The idea of Physical Education inside mind of general public is big round, play & play without work. Abraham Lincoln subsequently quoted available as one of his / her address, “Sportsman is the best Ambassador on the Nation. ” Consequently, the Physical Education Teacher can even be the ideal Ambassador of our Institution. At present compare in order to earlier years and now we will come across the actual decline involving physical schooling in schooling compare presenting is you have to conquer the problems and battles to further improve the framework and commercial infrastructure status within around to develop the entire discipline within physical schooling and athletics.

In this paper an impact of electrification on land use pattern of sample farmers has been studied. The present study is limited to the survey of Khatav Tahasil only. This research is restricted only to study the impact of electrification on land use pattern in the Khatav Thesil. The total area of selected sample farmers prior to electrification was 969 acres, out of which 2.47% area comes under permanent pastures and grazing lands, 1.65% area comes under the current fallows and 95.87% area comes under net sown. Total area of all sample farmers has remained same after electrification. There is a change in net cultivated area only. Out of total area (969 acres) 0.20% area comes under permanent pastures & grazing land, 0.30% area comes under current fallows and 99.48% area comes under net cultivated. In general, it can be seen that the area under permanent pasture & grazing and current fallows has decreased after electrification. On the other hand area under net sown or cultivated has increased after electrification. Before electrification 6.78% area was irrigated and 93.21% area was non-irrigated but after electrification irrigated area has increased up to 20.43% and non-irrigated area has gone down to 79.56%. Electrification is helpful in changing the land use pattern and also helpful in the growth of irrigation facilities and increases the area under irrigation of selected sample farmers in Khatav Tahasil. As per expectation, use of electricity leads to expansion of irrigated area and ultimately it leads to more output and more employment opportunities in agricultural sector.

In this article scholar tried to know the malnutrition in rural area in Karnataka. Malnutrition is a problem at varying proportions in India in General and In rural area part of Karnataka In perticular and anthropometry is a simple tool to assess its magnitude in children. This study aimed to study the causes for the malnutrition in rural area. We also hilighted that the factors associated with the malnutrition. Here have discussed causes for the malnutrition in rural area. With this researcher also hilighted that the factors, preventable mesures in this research work.

This study aims to find out the significant difference in the problems of low achievement of the students gender, type of school and locality. The tool problems of low achievement scale was constructed and standardized by the investigator. Samples of 200 slow mathematics learners were drawn from 7 schools in Tiruchirappalli District. The major findings were that the problems of low achievement of the students based on gender and locality shows no significant difference and type of school shows significant difference.

Objective of the study: To study the personality characteristics among male and female intercollegiate cricket players. Hypothesis: There will be no significant difference in between male and female intercollegiate cricket players with respect to openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism. Sample For the present study 80 Sample were selected from jalna. The effective sample consisted of 80 subjects, out of whom 40 subjects were male intercollegiate cricket players and 40 subjects were female intercollegiate cricket players. The age range of subjects was 18- 24years (Mean 21.36, SD 3.78) Ratio was 1:1; Non- probability accidental and purposive sampling was used. Tools NEO Personality scale. This test is developed and standardized by Paul T. Costa, Jr., Ph.D. & Robert R. McCrae, 1992. Results: Male intercollegiate cricket players have significantly high openness than the female intercollegiate cricket players. Male intercollegiate cricket players have significantly high conscientiousness than the female intercollegiate cricket players. Male intercollegiate cricket players have significantly high extraversion than the female intercollegiate cricket players. Male intercollegiate cricket players have significantly high agreeableness than the female intercollegiate cricket players. Female intercollegiate cricket players have significantly high neuroticism than the male intercollegiate cricket players.

India and the EU have expanded their bilateral economic and investment ties significantly in the last decade or so. As a result of closer ties, the EU has emerged as a very important destination for various types of cross-border flows from India. In addition to the growing movement of professionals and students, there has also been a marked rise in cross-border flows of tourists between India and the EU. Given the economic and strategic significance of promoting tourism flows for fostering bilateral relations, this paper attempts to map the tourism flows between India and a selected few EU countries and also examine their relative significance as destinations or sources. The consequences for service quality constitute one of the main ethical and practical problems confronting the international tourism industry as it moves towards the next millennium.

-This paper reviews the trends of Fertilizer subsidies and its impact on agricultural production in Karnataka. Increasing production is the talk of the day which is one of the ways and means for the economic development of the country. The significant increase in agricultural production depends largely up on employment of new technology. The main theme of study is to know as to is subsidies be increased or abolished or targeted. To justify the above statement with restrict of subsidies, following issues need to be explored and replied. First one is are subsidies the best way to achieve the intended objectives of growth, employment and investments. Second one is if yes, then how long the subsidies should be continued to meet its objectives. Thirdly what is the overall long term cost of these subsidies in the entire economy. Lastly are subsidies going to promote regional equity and allocate efficiency at the national level. These are all the basic questions raised and discussed in this study. Input subsidies going to agricultural sector has an important issue for debate in the context of reducing the fiscal deficit and bringing in production efficiency. Agricultural sector has significantly higher level of state intervention in the product as well as factors markets. It cannot be hypothesized that the minimum support prices and issue prices have no influence on the market prices of agricultural produce in the product market. The new economic policy initiated in response to economic crisis of early nineties necessitated push up in the growth performance and reduction in production inefficiencies. The present study addresses to this very process of reforms.

The Economy of India is the 10th largest in the world by nominal GDP and the by purchasing power parity (PPP). India is one of the fastest developing Economic Superpower with potential to become world third largest economy. The country is one of the G-20 major economies and a member of BRICS. On a per-capita-income basis, India ranked 135th by nominal GDP of India 2013, according to the IMF. India is the 16th-largest exporter and the 8th largest importer in the world. The economy slowed to around 5.0% for the 2012–13 fiscal year compared with 6.2% in the previous fiscal. According to Moody's, the Economic Growth Rate of India would be 5.5% in 2014-15. On 28 August 2013 the Indian rupee hit an all time low of 68.80 against the US dollar.

It should be clear from our discussion thus far that sustaining India's economic growth and outward orientation, and ensuring the sustainability of that process, became an important driving element shaping Indian foreign policy. The key objectives were market access, energy security and access to high technology. These objectives gained greater salience in the context of the rise of Asian economics, and the consequent competition for markets and resources. The energy security objective became even more important in the context of global fears pertaining to global warming and climate change. Against this background, we should expect Singh to take a pro-active stance in dealing with the consequence of the global financial crisis and economic slowdown. He stated that this remains his top 1 priority.

Indian leather has bright prospects of exports and foreign exchange earning. But in the hindsight the fact that the very nature of this industry is pollution intensive has made this sector heterogeneous. This theory has been very well proved by Copeland and Taylor (2004) which states that “under free trade between developed countries and the developing countries, the exports of dirty industry increases in the developing countries as a result of higher production and consequential impact on environment of the developing country”. It is with this background of heterogeneity prevailing in the sector and also the fact that “Greening and sustainability” has become a compulsion for any industry irrespective of size and nature nowadays, this research paper has been prioritized. The paper reviews the various sustainable methods and practices in the Indian leather sector. Also an attempt is made to identify the cross country changes as a result of this. The study is carried out with the aid of secondary data available in the form of thesis, dissertations, study reports (private and government), research papers, working papers and articles available in either print form or online.

The present study reflects grim groundwater scenario and its mitigation strategies in Sikar district. Low rainfall–arid climate, frequent droughts and famine conditions, less availability of surface water and lack of water education are the causative factors for water crisis in Sikar district. In Sikar, owing to meager surface water resources, groundwater is only source of dependence and survival. Irrigation, industrial and drinking water supply are based on groundwater resources. In fact this has created the problem of depletion and deterioration of groundwater level and its quality. Therefore, for mitigating the challenges of groundwater depletion many efforts must be made for maximum utilization of rain water, revival of traditional water wisdom, afforestation, augmentation of groundwater, dry farming, promotion of sprinkler and drip irrigation and defluoridation plants.

Political participation is a voluntary participation in political affairs through membership and partaking in the activities of the political parties, legislative bodies and politically motivated movements. Political participation is a political right of both men and women but still when it comes to women it has always been a debatable issue during the freedom movement, Mahatma Gandhi awakened the political consciousness of the poor, illiterate Indian women and thus they took active part in the freedom struggle in large numbers. But after independence the political picture has been very shocking with very less participation of women in political sphere compared to their total strength of the total population. Higher is the political institution , lesser is their strength. Women's participation in politics makes the democratic system more efficient and viable. But as a matter of fact women have been marginalised politically in our country and has to confined within the four wall of their household. In the context of Assam also the picture is same as the rest of the country. Although the position and status of women in our society is comparatively good as compared to the other parts of the country yet women too in this part of India has been marginalised in political arena. This paper will mainly highlight the low political status of women in the state.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of relationship of psychomotor abilities to the playing ability of interuniversity level gymnastics players. Fifty male gymnastics players of east zone interuniversity were selected as subjects for this study. The subjects were in the age group of 18-25 year. The selected psychomotor abilities variables e.g. agility, shoulder power, leg power, speed, stepping time and hand reaction time. Findings reveals that playing ability of interuniversity level gymnastics players is significantly related to the agility (r= -0.824), shoulder power (r=0.832), leg power (r=0.793), speed (r= -0.768), stepping time (r=0.831), and hand reaction time (r= -0.841) as the obtained correlation were higher than the value of 0.2732 required for the correlation to the significant at 0.05 level of 48 degree of freedom.

Adolescents are the bright hope of the future and are characterized by many physical, emotional and developmental change especially formation of self-esteem. During this stage, some of adolescents, however, experience anxious feeling, overwhelming sense of fear. Thus Present study was carried out to check the self-esteem and general anxiety in early adolescents. Methodology: It is a cross sectional study, in which one hundred (100) adolescents; out of which fifty were male and fifty were female; selected by purposive sampling. Assessment was done by using Self Esteem Inventory General Anxiety Scale for Children. The statistical analysis was carried out using the SPSS Windows 16.0 software package. The analysis of the obtained data was done using various descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: A significant difference was found in male and female adolescents on anxiety scale. A significant negative correlation was found between Self Esteem and Anxiety. Conclusion: Overall findings suggest that adolescents with low Self Esteem are significantly more anxious. Thus present study highlights the facts that it is equally important to enhance Self Esteem in order to provide holistic management including adequate mental health screening and interventions with adolescents.

ACCORDING to the Oxford English Dictionary the word 'Law” means “rule made by authority for the proper regulation of a community or society or for correct established habit and thought of mankind which has gained distinct and formal recognition in the shape of uniform rules backed by the authority and power of the Government.” Broadly speaking , the term 'Law” denotes rules and principles either enforced by an authority or self-imposed by the members of a society to control and regulate people's behavior with a view to securing justice, peaceful living and social security.

Women Entrepreneurship plays a prime role in food processing industry. India has always been a land of entrepreneurs and also occupied a strategic position in the Indian economy. The government of India has defined women entrepreneurship based on women participation in equity and employed of a business enterprise. The researcher has taken this topic to identify the scope of women entrepreneur in food processing industry. Women entrepreneurship in the informal sector, such as street food vending is important for economic development and poverty alleviation in India. The street food sector provides employment for women and inexpensive and nutritious food for the urban poor.

This article describes the most important environmental impacts of cement mining Cement industry caused environmental pollution problems, and the pollutants of the cement industry produced the adverse impact on air water and land. Cement industry is the one of the 17 most pollutant industries listed by central pollution control board. During the last decades the emission of dust from cement factories has been increased alarmingly due to expansion of more cement plant to meet the requirement of cement materials for construction of building. In comparison with gaseous air pollutant many of which are readily recognized as being the cause of injury to various type of vegetation. Increasing concentration of cement dust pollutant causes in visible injuries like progressive decline in physiological process such as photosynthetic ability and respiration rate of leaves. Similarly visible injury such as reduction in growth and productivity were observed due to cement dust (Raajasubramanian et al., 2011). Satao et al. (1993) also reported that due to cement dust decreased the productivity and concentration of chlorophyll in number of crops. Cement dust are potentially harmful to the environment. The direct effects of the cement dust pollution are alkalization of the ecosystem and the changing of the chemical composition of the soil. The pollutant particles can enter the soil as dry, humid or occult deposits and can undermine the physicochemical properties. Hence contaminated soil can adversely affect plant survival and growth (Addo et al., 2013).

Stress has gotten noteworthy because of element social component and changing needs of life styles. Stress is man's versatile response to an outward circumstance which would prompt physical, mental and behavioral progressions. Despite the fact that stress slaughters mind cells, not all stresses are ruinous in nature. Fitting measure of stress can really trigger energy for work, tap dormant capabilities and even touch off impulses. Stress management is the enhancement of stress and particularly endless stress regularly with the end goal of enhancing commonplace working. Stress produces various manifestations which change as per persons, circumstances, and seriousness. These can incorporate physical wellbeing decrease and misery.

Families caring for chronically mentally ill relatives often experience considerable stress & hardship. To adapt, family members must learn new coping strategies & make sufficient use of formal & informal support systems in the community. The study examined the variations in coping responses used by the care giving families of mentally ill relatives (with acute & chronic Schizophrenia and Bipolar disorder). Interviews conducted with primary caregivers (spouses & parents), in 210 families showed differences in illness experiences, use of coping responses and the utilization of support networks. Path analysis results indicated, 70% of variance being caused by caregiver appraisal, kinship support and illness variables. Implications of the results were discussed.

K-Yan is an innovative tool integrating ICT in Education. Here author has investigated effect of “K-Yan” technology on students' enthusiasm for learning geography. Pre- and post-student and parent surveys, student and parent comments, and teacher observations are been used to record changes in enthusiasm for learning geography for a duration of two month.

The logistics industry in India is evolving rapidly and it is the interplay of infrastructure, technology and new types of service providers that will define whether the industry is able to help its customers reduce their logistics costs and provide effective services (which are also growing). Changing government policies on taxation and regulation of service providers are going to play an important role in this process. Coordination across various government agencies requires approval from multiple ministries and is a road block for multi modal transport in India. At the firm level, the logistics focus is moving towards reducing cycle times in order to add value to their customers. Consequently, better tools and strategies are being sought by firms in order to enhance their decision making. In this paper, we provide a perspective on these issues, outline some of the key challenges with the help of secondary information, and describe some interesting initiatives that some firms & industries are taking to compete through excellence in managing their logistics.

The term 'Discourse analysis' originated in the early 1970, constituting many disciplines such as linguistics, rhetoric, Semiotics, Cultural anthropology, Sociology and other a variety of new interdisciplinary research fields. From its beginning this term attracted the attention of scholars in the field of linguistics and applied linguistics as it is mainly deal with the study of relationship between language and 1 context in which it is used. Cook defines Discourse as a 'language in use' Therefore 'Discourse analysis' not only has theoretical value, but it has an important application value. The main target of' Discourse analysis' is to achieve certain communicative purpose between the speaker and listener. It includes structure of the language, idea, writing, articulation, vocabulary, grammar, and most importantly the use of speech –act theory for students, to enhance student's language learning capacity. This paper is an attempt to thrash out the practical application of 'Discourse analysis' in the English classroom by the English teacher to make English class room effective.

This paper shows the GPON ONT video overlay. By using the optical microcontroller MAX3654, which makes its easy for the use low cost solutions for the system amplifier. GPON ONT modules that incorporate the MoCA interface may require additional gain to account for system losses. This design note explains the need for increased gain. It illustrates a method that uses a post amplifier to obtain larger output amplitude while maintaining the critical system requirements. Schematics and test data are also provided

:Financial performance analysis is a tool to estimate the financial position and also the strength and weakness of the company's management. These analysis are useful to increase the credibility of the company. The present study discusses financial performance of Ranbaxy for the period prior and post to the merger between Ranbaxy and Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd for ten years (2003 to 2012). The goal of this analysis is to determine the efficiency and performance of firm's management, as reflected in the financial records and reports. The main reasons for financial performance analysis are to know i) Financial distress ii) The extent of the company's leverage iii) Efficiency in generating profits iv) The solvency v) The ability in handling competition. This paper extends on the well-known Altman Z-score model presented by Altman (1968).

The present study has aimed to explain the changing area under Jowar, Wheat, and Rice crops of Nanded district during 1984-85 to 2009-10. Agricultural is one of the most important occupations of the study area. Nearly 78.13% of working population is directly engaged in agricultural activities. The Economy of the study region mainly depends on agricultural. The modern agricultural implements is improved or hybrids seeds use of different pesticides, insecticides. Weedisides, fungicides and irrigation facilities have increase agricultural production of the study region. Agriculture is more prosperous in the areas of various river basin i.e. Godavari, Manjara, Manyad, Penganga, Asana, Sita, and lendi etc.

The present paper highlights the awareness & availability of the ICT resources in the Library. For collecting data, questionnaire method is adopted. The result is 76.92 % ICT resources available in DVGI Library, 53.85 % in RPGI, 50 % in KGI, 38.46% in NGI and 46.15% available in AGI Library. Lacks of modern ICT infrastructure in the libraries i.e. none of the engineering college libraries under study have the facility of LCD/ Slide Projector. Today Information communication technology is playing a vital role in Library. Major findings and conclusion are summarized in a suggestive way to use in providing better services in future to meet the needs of the users.

Girls form a deprived section of our society specifically in rural India. They suffer from favouritism even at the hands of their mothers. Be it education or food or any other basic necessity, they are given a low priority even today. Because of this deprivation and added responsibilities in the family, the girls do not achieve their full potential. It is well established that the nutritional status of adolescent girls, the future mothers, contributes significantly to the nutritional status of the community. Against this background, the present study was conducted in a degree college of Haryana in March, 2014 to explore the current nutritional status of 130 young girls between 18-23 years of age. The nutritional status assessment was undertaken by using two techniques i.e. Anthropometric Measurement and Biomedical Impedance. In Anthropometric Measurement mainly three aspects: Height, Weight and BMI (Body Mass Index) were assessed. The height was taken barefoot in centimetres using a stadiometer. The weight was measured in kilogram without shoes and BMI was calculated. Bio-medical impedance was used for analysis of fat percent and visceral fat which was measured by Body Composition Monitor BFS08. The data so collected were compiled in MS Excel and analyzed for each age group using SPSS 16.

:The leather making process is in general restricted to batch processing, but if the surface coating sub-process is added then some continuous processing can be included. The operation flow has to follow the preparatory → tanning → crusting → surface coating sub-process order without deviation, but some of the sub-processes can be omitted to make certain leathers.In addition to the other environmental impacts of leather, the production processes have a high environmental impact, most notably due to: the heavy use of polluting chemicals in the tanning process and air pollution due to the transformation process. This paper deals with respondents' realization on pollution of drinking water in Vellore region consequent upon leather industry and tannery activities. It outlines the respondents' observation of causes and reasons behind pollution drinking water. This paper concludes with some interesting findings based on field survey.

HRD climate is the one to generate very performance oriented culture where everyone will take sole accountabilities of their activities. In this context, recently most of the industries find difficulties in identifying and assessing the factors for the job satisfaction of their employees which have the highest degree of contribution for the success of the policies and organisational objectives. Hence, this paper is based on a survey conducted on a coal, steel and cement exploring public and private company in Odisha has provided an opportunity for an in-depth exploration of the perceptions and attitudes of the employees regarding the potential HRD climate variables which have relations with job satisfaction of employees. In this context, for this study, we have taken 126 responses from different demographic profile to make this study succession one. Though there are different statistical tool have been used to carry out the research works, but, we have used mean, standard deviation correlation, and regression analysis to prove significant relations for testing hypothesis. The questionnaires relating to the HRD Climate (Rao and Abraham, 1985) and Job Satisfaction (Daftuar,C.N,1997) was administered to the sample population and the findings indicate that HRD Climate has a significant relationship exists with the Job Satisfaction. This indicates that there are considerable room for improvement in these areas.

शारीरिक शिक्षण हे एक प्रकारचे शिक्षण आहे की, ज्यामध्ये शारीरिक क्रियाच्या माध्यमातून संपूर्ण व्यक्तिमत्वाचा सर्वागिण विकास केला जातो आणि त्यामध्ये शारीरिक मानसिक , सामाजिक , राष्ट्रीय एकात्म आणि भावनात्मक उत्तपन केली जाते . प्रत्येक्ष रुपामध्ये याचे काम शारीरिक विकास करणे आहे . अशा प्रकारचा विकास करण्यासाठी शरीरिक शिक्षणामध्ये मुलांचा मानसिक , नैतिक आणि सामाजिक उत्थान केले जाते.

मैत्रेयी पुष्पा प्रतिभा सम्पन्न उपन्यासकार है | इनके उपन्यासों में नारी विमर्शा तथा प्रकृति विमर्शा की दिशा में महत्वपूर्ण आयाम खोल देते है | स्त्री मन की मैत्रेयी २१ वी सदी की प्रमुख उनन्यास्कारो में एक है | फरिश्ते निकले उनका ११ व़ां उपन्यास है | उपन्यास एक विधा है , जो लेखक की पहचान बनाती है | उपन्यासों के द्वारा ही मैत्रेयी पुष्पा पहचाना जाती है |

The present investigation has been carried out to study the algal diversity, arsenic concentration and to analyze the physiochemical parameters in different water resources of West Bengal, India. Several microalgal spp. found in sampling sites were microscopically identified and recorded. The microalgal species were compared with respect to the arsenic concentration. Twenty nine (29) samples from pond, river and ground water including three (3) soil samples were analyzed for arsenic concentration. In twenty two (22) water samples some of the physical parameters were analyzed by using YSI multiparameter instrument. In ten (10) Water samples all the physiochemical parameters were analyzed. Among the twenty nine (29) water samples analyzed the arsenic concentration was ranged from 0.05 ppm to 3.0 ppm and the highest concentration 3 ppm was observed in Baruipur, Chinsurah, Alipur and Dhaksineswar. In this issue an immediate remediation for arsenic pollution has to be implemented, otherwise it may lead to serious health effects on human beings if it is mixed up with the potable drinking water.

-Mayang in Assam is perhaps best known as the 'land of black magic and witchcraft'. Situated in the Morigaon district of Assam, the erstwhile kingdom of Mayang is today one of the largest development blocks in the state. Human society is a dynamic entity with its varied peculiarities. Societies in different parts of the world have developed a spectrum of rituals, habits, rules, norms and belief systems depending upon their convenience and natural environment. In an attempt to reconstruct the past we are bound to face lots of obstacles with distinctive features of their own. Despite of that each society should be analysed in conformity with the environment in which they lived and their reaction to their surroundings with its institutions that had emerged in the process of change. Mayang is famous for the tradition of magical belief system and the manuscripts i.e. mantraputhis still prevalent in the area refers about that rich heritage.

This paper analyses the changing patterns of Indo-France relations and traces issues of conflict and cooperation, and continuity and change between the two countries. It argues that although France's traditional-cultural relations with pre-independent India had been good, diplomatic and political relations during the entire Cold War period were far from being friendly; rather they were formal, commercial and business oriented. The end of the Cold War ushered in new challenges for India, compelling it to undertake a thorough revision of its foreign policy. India's neo-realist aspirations to play a more active role in global politics, the French strategic support to India during the Pokharan nuclear tests, the far-reaching changes in Europe and the desire of both countries for an all-round intensification of cooperation have led to a transformation of Indo-French relations from a 'buyer-seller syndrome' to a strategic partnership in the twenty-first century. Going by the current trend, the future of Franco-India relations look promising.

भाषा ही मानवी जीवनव्यवहाराची मुख्य वाहक आहे. भाषामुळे मनातील विचार व्यक्त करता येतात, भाषेच्या आधारेच मानवी जीवनाच्या सर्व अंगोपागांना अर्थपूर्णता येते. म्हणून समाजात वेगवेगळ्या व्यक्ती व व्यक्ती समूह सतत आपापल्या संस्कृतीचे आविष्कार घडवित असतात ते आपल्याला भाषा माध्यमातून , म्हणजेच भाषा हा व्यक्ती व्यक्ती मधला आणि व्यक्ती व समाज यांच्यातील दुवा आहे.

शरत हा कृषीप्रधान देश असल्यामुळे शरतातील जवळपास 70 टक्के लोक ग्रामीण भागात राहतात. स्वाभाविकपणे त्यांच्या दैनंदिन व्यहाराच्या नियंत्रणासाठी स्थानिक व्यवस्था अस्तित्व आहे . या स्थानिक प्रशासनाची ओळख शरतीयांना अनेक शतकापासून होती. गावातील प्रतिष्ठित पंचमंडलीच्या सहाय्याने शंडण तंटे सोडवणे , रूढी परंपराचे लोकाकडून पालन करून घेणे , लोकांच्या अडचणी राजदरबारी सांगण्याची व्यवस्था करणे , गवातील एकोप्याचे वातावरण कायम कसे राहील असा प्रयत्न करणे अशी विविध कायें या रूढीमान्य पंचमंडळीकडून केली जात असत.

Risk management is a rapidly developing discipline and there are many varied views and description of what risk management involves, how it should be conducted and what it is for. Risk management should be continuous and developing process which runs throughout the organizations strategy and the implementation of that strategy. It must translate the strategy into tactical and operational objectives, assigning throughout the organization with each manager and employee responsible for the management of risk as part of their job description. It supports accountability, performance management and reward, thus promoting operational efficiency at all levels.

हिन्दी साहित्य में ख्याति पाने वाले भारतेन्दु हरीशचन्द्र, जयशंकर प्रसाद एवं मोहन राकेश को नाट्य साहित्य के तीन आधार स्तम्भ के रूप में देखा जाता है | इनके पश्चात यदि कोई नाम नाटय साहित्य में सर्वाधिक चर्चित एवं नाट्य – लेखन में सक्रिय है तो वह नाम है सुरेन्द्र वर्मा | इन्हे नाट्य साहित्य के चौथे आधार स्तम्भ के रूप में भी देखा जा सकता है | मोहन राकेश को नाट्य चिंतन के रूप में भी जाना जाता है | किन्तु हैं वे मूलत: नाटककार ही | रंगमंच को उन्होने गहराई और विस्तार से समझा तथा उसकी कमी को दूर करने के उपाय भी दिए |

गोरखनाथ द्वारा प्रवर्तित योग – सम्प्रदाय का भारतवर्ष में बडा व्यापक प्रभाव रहा है | भारत की सीमा से लगे नैपाल, ईरान, अफगानिस्तान, और तिब्बत आदि देश भी इस सम्प्रदाय से प्रभावित थे | गोरखनाथ का जन्म 10 वी शताब्दी में उत्तर – पश्चिमी पंजाब में हुआ | वे शंकराचार्य के समान ही भारतवर्ष के सर्वाधिक प्रभावशाली महापुरुषों में से एक थे | इस संदर्भ में आचार्य हजारी प्रसाद द्विवेदी जी ने कहा कि – “शंकराचार्य के बाद इतना प्रभावशाली और महीमांवित महापुरुष भारतवर्ष में दुसरा नहीं हुआ | भारतवर्ष के कोने – कोने में उनके अनुयायी आज भी पाये जाते है | भक्ति आंदोलन के पूर्व सबसे शक्तिशाली धार्मिक आंदोलन गोरखनाथ का योग – मार्ग हि था |”

समाज में जो भी घटित होता है बदलते समय के साथ वो इतिहास में परिवर्तित हो जाता है । कुछ ऐसा ही इतिहास हमारे मध्यकाल का भी रहा है । यह काल हिंदी साहित्य काबहुत ही महत्त्वपूर्ण काल रहा इस काल में जहां एक और भारतीय जनता को बाह्य आक्रमण झेलने पड रहे थे , वही आंतरिक रूप मे जहाँ सामाजिक भेद -भाव, विसंगतियाँ , रूढियो आदि से जकडी हुई थी । ऐसी जकडन से जनता को निकालने का कार्य मध्यकालीन पुरुष व स्त्री संतो ने किया ।

The shoulder is a very important part of the body. Not only does the shoulder make your upper body appear to be wider especially good for bodybuilders, but if not trained correctly, it could give you problems for the rest of your life. The key to building massive shoulders is to understand how the shoulder works and how to keep it healthy. The shoulder is the most movable joint in the body but is very unstable. The shoulder itself is a ball and socket joint. The ball of the shoulder is the head of the hummers the socket portion of the shoulder is called the globoid where arthritis in the shoulder forms. On top of the ball and socket is a process called the acromion where bone spurs can form. Next to the acromion is the acromioclavicular joint, also called the AC Joint (this is a common place for shoulder separations). This ball and socket joint allows for the most range of motion out of all the joints in the body

Recently interest has been shown in the development of ecofriendly novel processes which are based upon the utilization ofbiological systems. One such system involves the culture for the stabilization of a variety of organic sold wastes. This paperoutlines the benefits of vermin culture for processing organic waste into valuable soil conditioner.Vermiculture biotechnologyis a modern concept of harnessing an ecosystem for effective utilization of organic waste with the help of earthworms. Thespecies of earthworm used was eudrillus Eugeniae. Vermiculture appears to be an innovative sustainable technology forwaste treatment which holds a promising future in the field of organic waste management. The present experiment has beencarried out with different organic wastes such as vegetable waste and fruit waste. The wastes are partially decomposed bynatural aeration method and earthworms were inoculated in to the bin for further decomposition. This paper covers theadvantages of vermin culture, vermin washand description of process and a summary of results.

Professional development has generally been recognised as having an important role in ensuring that teachers are part of a skilled and up-to-date profession. This recognition has, however, always been tempered by the strong, mostly anecdotal, evidence that much professional development has not been effective in terms of achieving change in teacher practice. Despite the fact that the teaching profession is made up largely of women, inequality remains an issue. Even in many counties where; measures to ensure equality are included in policies through constitutions, the goals aren't being met for millions of female teachers. In this back drop the paper is to discuss the higher education importance and teacher S role enhancing in the teaching profession which still needs more and better quality teachers hence, good teachers are critical for a high-quality educational system. Further the paper deals about the perspectives of a Professional Development of a teacher and quality, there is a need for high-quality teacher education in India with awareness and creating endeavor teaching environment in all the education institutions. When the characteristics of the good teacher are discussed it is important to keep in mind that no one is born to be an outstanding teacher.

This paper tends to reveal the sectoral trend of FDI inflows in India during 2001-2012. This study further discloses the trend of FDI as well as the major sources of FDI inflows. In this study, the descriptive analysis has been employed for evaluating the sectoral trend of FDI inflows in order to identify the most significant sector contributing largely in growth prospect of India in context of FDI inflow. The results imply that service sector along with telecommunication sector received highest FDI inflows during last decade. Further, it is observed that mostly foreign investors prefer to invest through Mauritius route in India

Paule Marshall, (born April 9,1929, Brooklyn, New York, N.Y., U.S.), a novelist, whose literary works emphasize the need for black Americans to reclaim their cultural heritage. The Barbadian background of her parents is evident in all her works. This rediscovery of African- Americans' heritage forms the core of the plot of Praisesong for the Widow (1983). Avatara (Avey) Johnson, an acculturated middle – class woman, undergoes a spiritual rebirth on the island of Grenada. The paper analyses the character of Avey as she takes on to her journey from self effacement to self embracement. Marshall posits that black African American women need to recognize their past, their community and heritage in order to assert their identity. Her physical journey to Grenada is her spiritual journey to roots so much so that she ends up being the transmitter of her own cultural heritage.

This paper is a review of some of the studies based on the development of waqf property using one of the innovative mode of Islamic finance – Mudarabah which may be termed as Partnership contract. The development of awqaf property has always been a matter of discussion and a lot of studies have been carried out to discuss the new techniques that could be implemented to finance the awqaf properties in a manner which is compliant with the Islamic law as well as beneficial to the society. The biggest hindrance however is the lack of funds for regenerating the productivity of the waqf land, therefore financing a waqf property is a challenge that requires Shariah as well as waqf law compliance.

The name ‘Khandesh’ is firstly found in the Bakhar of Farishta. Farishta was a mediaeval Bakharkar. He writes in his bakhar that before the Musalmani power swttled down in this provenance, it had a same name or not he hasnot mentioned in it. According to M.M.Mirashi its ancient name was ‘Rishik’. In ‘Ramayana’, ‘Mahabharat’ and ‘Kumar-Charit’ the reference of ‘rishik’ as a grantha is there. In Khandesh in the period of Yadavas the first king was known as King Seoupchanda. And in the way from ‘Seudesh’ the name Khandesh had originated thinks M.M.Mirashi.

The present research paper explained the live in relationship of unmarried major persons of heterogeneous sex . Does it amount offence ? There are various Supreme Court and High Courts cases to explained that live in relationship is a gist of the Right to Life and Personal Liberty under the article 21 of our Constitution of India . Live in relationship is to be compared with marriage . The rights of live in female partner and legally wedded wife . Problems occurs after the live in relationship or after math of live in relationship . Rights secure of legally wedded wife in the society . The research paper rights of wife and live in female partners like ; maintenance and alimony , legitimacy of the children and property rights under Hindu law as well as Protection provides under Domestic Violence 2005 Live in relationship is popular term but not yet explained yet by the statute .

Beatrice Culleton Mosionier is the main advocate of the psychological novel dealing with the complex nature of woman. Being an artist, she skillfully portrays the mental and emotional feelings of human relationship through her characters Chris and Cheryl in In the Shadow of Evil, April and Cheryl in In Search of April Rain tree. They are sisters. Chris suspects the relationship between her husband Peter and her sister, Leona .The reason for her suspicion is revealed through the past of Chris. But she is ready to provide money inorder to take bail for Leona at one instance. She is also ready to take care of Leona's son Michael in the absence of Leona. But there is more complications between April and Cherly. They differ in accepting their native heritage. April is ashamed to be called as Metis whereas Cheryl is proud to be Metis. Like Chris, April also takes care of Henry Lee, son to Cheryl. Against the wish of Cheryl, April marries Bob Radcliff. Later she realizes her mistake and rejoins with her sister, Cheryl.In both the novels, they try to drive comfort from one another in facing all the problems in the White society. But they retain their love and care till the end of the novella.

Empowerment of women is the symbol or indication of prosperity, development or advancement of Human Society. The people's power, women power is the totality of democracy. It is sure that a generation of great men is incomplete without the generation of empowered women. Women have to be empowered to have control over their own lives to better their socio-economic and political condition. Thus, women empowerment can be interpreted as totality of empowerment including political, social, cultural and other dimension of human life as also physical, moral and intellectual. The constitution of India secures to all persons right to equality and opportunity and promote among them all, justice of social economic and political and secure to liberty, dignity and fraternity among men and women. In the pursuance of constitutional mandate the govt. has enacted several laws and acts for women empowerment. But due to lack of education poverty, unawareness and orthodox thinking of society these effort could not get success as desired. Hence women empowerment in India is not possible unless orthodox tendency and violence against women have eradicated from the society. Empowerment of women is essential as their value systems lead to development of a good family, good society and good nation.

The purpose of the study was to examine the attitude difference between sports and nonsports girl students towards discipline. Seventy five five (n = 75) sports girl students and seventy five (n = 75) non-sports girl students were selected as subjects at random. Their age ranged between 15 and 17 years. The selected subjects were treated with the questionnaire on 'Sodhi's Attitude Scale (SAS)'. The administrator distributed the questionnaire to each student, and explained the questions or statements clearly. The answer sheet included three choices of 'YES', '?', 'No'. The students were gone through the questions and encircled any one option. The data were treated with the independent 't ' test and reached the conclusion. The results of the study pointed out that, there was a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) in discipline among the sports and normal students. The level of confidence was fixed at 0.05 in all cases.

Herbal plants have been used to cure infections from ancient period. Ayurvedha, Siddha have been practised more than two thousand years and observed the usefulness of herbal plants. The present study was conducted to evaluate the Antiviral activity of Lyophlized Aqueous & Ethanolic extracts of Acalypha indica against Herpes simplex virus HSV-1.The cytotoxic free concentration & Antiviral activity was tested by using 96 well microtitre plate. The cytotoxic free concentration 50 mg/µl showed minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) activity against Herpes simplex virus (HSV-1)

:The enzyme Cellulase is used in many industries such as textiles, medicines, waste treatment, food production, paper industries, perfumes, backing etc,. The screening of Trichoderma viride isolated from paddy rhizosphere soil for cellulose production on CMC agar plate as the hydrolytic zone was 4.9 mm. Mass multiplication studies were conducted on four different agro residues like Rice bran, Paddy husk, Tea dust and Wheat bran. The maximum cellulase production of 719.79 U/g was noticed in wheat bran optimized with 0.5% carbon and 0.2% nitrogen sources. The enzyme activities were observed as 1252 U/g and 1391 U/g for dextrose and nitrogen respectively.

The population of the scheduled tribes in India as per the 2011 census is 97.7 Million. It is 14.55 percent population of the country in Tamilnadu. There are 36 different scheduled tribes. The Malaiyalis constitute the major population of tribes in Tamilnadu. They are found along the hilly tracts of the state in Kalvarayan Hills (South Arcot district). In Kalvarayan Hill Malaiyalis Tribes are the majority people living in the hilly region.

Now-a-days pharmacognostic studies on herbal drugs thrown interest along with the toxic levels of drug with lethal and sub lethal doses of phytoconstituents on experimental animals. As per OECD guidelines on animal models acute toxicity studies are mentioned to determine the drug LD50 value for further standardization of sub acute and sub lethal doses of the drug. Herbal drugs with sedative effective are necessarily has been evaluated for their narcotic, behavioral and toxic effects on animals which also may shown the same impact on human beings. Pittosporum floribundum bark powders are having narcotic and sedative effect used against antidote to snake poison, arthritis, inflammation, analgesic and acts against asthma, bronchial disorders. The bark, leaf, fruit, seed and flower extracts also possess significant phytoconstituents like alkaloids, tannins, phenols acts as effective antibacterial and antifungal drug on human pathogens causing inflammation, bronchitis and skin diseases. Hence bark aqueous, methanol and alcohol extracts were screened for their acute toxic effects to determine lethal dose LD values and behavioral studies on experimental rats.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of plyometric training; swiss ball training, circuit training on agility in volleyball players. To achieve this study one hundred and twenty male junior volleyball players were chosen as subjects and their age ranged from 15 to 19 years. The subjects were selected randomly and they were divided into four groups namely Plyometric training group, Swiss ball training group, Circuit training group and Control group. Each group consists of thirty junior volleyball players. The criterion variable is agility and it was measured pre and post training. The 505 agility test was applied to assess the agility and the scores were analyzed by analysis of covariance. The result discovered that there is significant improvement in all the experimental groups but the plyometric group has superior in agility than the other groups. This study concluded that regular participation of plyometric, swiss ball and circuit training can improve agility in junior volleyball players.

Feminist interpretation of Toni Morrison's novel Sula. The present paper aims at the study of Toni Morrison's novel with a Feministic approach. It is based on the study of the novel Sula. It shows how women are oppressed by the patriarchal society in the same way and how women are showing resistance towards this dominance in their own ways. All the female characters in this novel are related and affected by nature in one or other ways. This oppression is still there in the contemporary period.It attempts to explore, using a New Critic approach, the undeniable presence of the forces of love and death throughout the novel in the specific context of the protagonist's relationship with others and with herself. Toni Morrison's nonmimetic novel Sula compassionately empowers African American women by recognizing their position within Bottom as the veritable heads of the household. Morrison illuminates their strength in securing their families' sustentation as their men recede into the background of the community theatre.

The present study is aims to understanding the Ask A Librarian service. There are many institutions are providing varioustypes of web based services to their users to meet the desired goals. The web based services are such as OPAC, Ask A Librarian, Gateways, Portals, Subject Portals, Electronic Journals, Online Databases. This study is mainly deals with understanding the AskA Librarian service, types, benefits and role of librarians promoting ask a librarian service.

Through this paper an idea is generated for the estimation of tolerance of shaft and hole. In this section finding the tolerance of shaft and hole is to be analyzed by the coding in the Matlab software. Estimation of tolerance is done on two conditions One is when the basic size and tolerance grade of shaft or hole is given, and the other is when the basic size is only given and the type of fit is known.

Job satisfaction is defined as the attitude towards individuals hold about their work consisting of a general or global factor of satisfaction as well as a collection of specific factors related to sources of work reinforcement. Job Satisfaction affects the physical health of a person. If a person is under continuous stress, he/she will suffer from health problems like headaches, heart and digestion related diseases etc. Productivity automatically increases with job satisfaction because when a person is happy with his job situation, he would like to put more effort in his work, which in turn will increase the output. This paper aims to find out the relationship between availabilities and conditions of working resources and job satisfaction. The researcher has used the percentage analysis, Rank correlation to investigate and interpret the processed data. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for analytical purpose of the study.

A field study to evaluate the impact assessment of cement nala plug in Sonegaon Bhanasgaon watershed of Osmanabad district was carried out during 2008-2009. Water storage characteristics of the cement plug was studied by monitoring the depth of water storage and length of water spread. The losses from surface water storage in the form of evaporation and seepage/percolation were estimated. The effect of seepage on ground water recharge was studied by monitoring water levels in the observation wells, Utilization of stored water in the cement nala bund was observed. The full water storage of cement nala 3 bund was found to be 3735.85m , with the maximum length and width of spread as 139.2 m and 8.52 m respectively with the maximum impounding of water as 3.15 m. The maximum evaporation loss and 3 3 seepage loss from the cement nala bund was found to be 452.34 m and 1465.23 m respectively. The impounded water in cement nala bund resulted in the increase in water levels in the observation wells of the influencing area. Due to silting, the storage capacity of the cement nala bund was reduced by 1.56% in five years after its construction with silt deposition rate of 31.034 tones /year.

This study is an attempt to discuss the Impact of Selected Instructional Approaches on Enhance Understanding of Abstract Concepts in Physics. Physics teachers usually instruct students in secondary schools about attributes and interactions of energy and matter. Their responsibilities include lesson preparation and the grading of class assignments, examinations and laboratory exercises. In addition to being skilled in maths and science, individuals who desire to become physics teachers must have the ability to explain material in a manner that students of all skill levels can comprehend. A great deal of patience and empathy might be needed when teaching this often challenging subject to students of various backgrounds and capabilities. The present study focused on instructional approaches and abstract concepts understanding in physics at higher secondary level

The pension fund industry, in both developed and emerging market countries, has grown rapidly during the past decade.The aim of this paper is to give an overview of the pension funds, their characteristic and a qualitative analysis of the features of various pension schemes in the context of International pension system. The paper also discusses new pensions scheme introduced in India. The study draws a contrast between pension funds in OECD and Non OECD countries.

Khaled Hosseini the writer and physician, was born in Kabul, Afghanistan and shifted to the United States in 1980. He is a well known and a celebrated author.His first novel, Kite Runner was internationally acclaimed as a great novel,published in thirty-four countries.After the success of Kite Runner he no longer practiced medicine and became a full-time writer.He has published three novels. All three of his novels became famous, The Kite Runner, Thousand splendid suns and And the mountains echoed. All of his three novels are set in Afghanistan and revolve around the theme of family, Afghan mayhem,male oppression, and Afghan identity. A Thousand splendid suns was widely admired and valued by all. “Washington post”while applauding the novel said; “In case you are wondering whether AThousand Splendid Suns is as good as The Kite Runner, here's the answer:No.It's better”. “Spectator” while expressing admiration for the novel says; 'Hosseini writes beautifully and is a natural storyteller.' In A Thousand Splendid Suns, he explores the story of agony and atonement ,while the crude realities of war in the country echo through out the novel. Characters suffer because of the external forces. The novel takes up the same issue but with a more feministic aspect. This paper attempts to analyze the character of Mariam and Laila from a feministic perspective.

Aegle marmelos (L.) is one of the important plant with several medicinal and nutraceutical properties. The present work deals with influence evaluation of acetone extract of Aegle marmelos (A. marmelos) leaf on angiogenesis by using chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay in ovo. The leaf extract was extracted in acetone and tested by administrating it on chick CAM at 48, 72, and 96 hrs of incubation, to observe the CAM vasculature to study angiogenesis after 144 hrs of development. The quantification and microscopic analysis indicates that, the leaf extract having inhibitory effect on elongation and proliferation both secondary and tertiary blood vessels. Area CAM also showed decrease in its area after treatment. It may be due to inhibition of angiogenic factors or due to cellular apoptosis. These observations support strong claim of anti-angiogenic property of the plant which may be used to treat the tumor.

The purpose of the present study would be to find out the Effect of Yogic Asanas on Fitness of college girls. The objective of the present study would be to find out the effect of yogic asanas on the health related physical fitness of college girls. Researcher hypothesized that, Yogic Asanas would be improve the Fitness of College Girls. Age of the college girls was vary between 18 to25 years. Interest of the selected subjects towards the tests was unknown. The economical and social status, diet of the student was unknown

जिद्दु कृष्णमुर्ती बीसवी शताब्दी के एक ऐसे क्रांतिकारी दार्शनिक व शिक्षाविद् थे जिनके विचारों ने शिक्षा जगत को एक नई दिशा दिखाई | वे ऐसी शिक्षा व्यवस्था के पक्षधर थे जो विधार्थी के व्यक्तित्व का विकास करे, उसे वास्तविकता का बोध कराए तथा उसमें प्रेम , करुणा , प्रज्ञा, संवेदनशीलता , अन्त:ज्ञान आदि’ गुणों का विकास करे |उनका मानना था कि लक्ष्य केवल विद्वान टैक्निशियन अथवा वैज्ञनिक तैयार करना ही नहीं बल्कि ऐसे व्यक्तिमत्व का निर्माण करना है जो भयमुक्त हो |

The status of Indian women was low during medieval period and started gradual increase in status after independence. Still, majority of SC/ST women are not getting equal status and respect in the society. When their educational status is analyzed, it was found that they are lagged behind in education. Of course, many of the government schemes are providing facilities to girls to get education, but due to lack of awareness among the parents of SC/ST girls, still many of the SC/ST girls are deprived of education. The paper is given suggestions to develop the educational status of SC/ST women.

Scheduled castes are backward castes and the women of Scheduled Castes are deprived in society due to their caste and gender. Hence, to empower the scheduled caste women socioeconomically, the Self-Help Groups are formed. To know whether the status of SC women in family and society was improved due to the SHG activities, the present study was made in Aland taluka. Total 150 scheduled caste women members of Self-Help Groups in 10 villages were interviewed to collect the primary data. It is suggested for the scheduled caste women to get education and participate actively in decision making by participating in meetings of Self-Help Groups. l

Rural economy is the heart of the Indian economy by providing shelter to almost 68.84 percent of India's 121 crore (census of India, 2011) people. In developing countries like India, rural labour consists of one of the largest work force, i.e. it accounted for almost 60 percent of the total labour force. A person who is living and working in rural area and engaged in agricultural and\or nonagricultural activities requiring physical labour and getting wages or remunerations partially or wholly in cash or kind or both during the year or such own-account workers like small farmers and artisans who are not usually hiring in labourers but are a part of the petty production in rural areas is defined as rural labour. And the rural labour market may be defined as a system of allocating and rewarding labour. The problem of imperfection is associated with rural labour market. These markets are more imperfect because of the peculiarities of labour and the degree of imperfection may be still higher in an under develop country because of a complex set of socio-historical reason. Moreover, in many developing countries like India, the supply of workers far exceeds the demand, the result being extremely high rates of unemployment and underemployment.

Over the past couple of year’s issues of displacement or eviction of tribal from their original land due to various reasons has become a major contentious issue. Now displacement has been recognized as a fact. This is now reflected in many of the policy documents. Apart from depriving them of their lands, livelihoods and resource-base, displacement has other traumatic psychological and sociocultural consequences.Such an approach is especially necessary in respect of tribal, small & marginal farmers and women”.

Libraries develop their collections, facilities and services to meet the information needs of their patrons. However, in order to accomplish this task effectively, libraries must have a thorough understanding of the information needs and information seeking behavior of their users. This article examines the information - seeking behaviour of scholars in the Internet era. The articles focuses on how electronic information resources influence the information seeking process in social sciences. The electronic information resources plays an essential role in the researchers' information seeking pursuits. The different models of information seeking behavior : David Ellis (1989), Kuhlthau (1992) and Wilson (1981) which are the popular models during the 1980's is discussed. These models illustrates the relationship between the concepts of user, need, uses and user behavior. The article also focuses on the impact of technological advancements on students' capacities, expectations and learning styles and how Internet technology influences and contributes to the information seeking behavior of students and faculty

The present study deals with and effort to reveal the strata-wise differences (sex and habitat) of emotional intelligence and problem solving ability in mathematics of the students of class XI (just promoted) under WBBSE. Two adapted and re-standardized questionnaires were administered on a sample of 495 no of students selected by cluster sampling technique to collect the required data. The collected data were analyzed statistically by using ANOVA, t-tests, correlation and linear regression. The main findings are: there exists a significant difference between the strata boys-girls, urban boys-rural boys and rural boys-rural girls of emotional intelligence inventory and case of problem solving ability in mathematics all the strata are significant at 1% level of significance. Habitat is an essential factor over and above sex in problem solving ability in mathematics. It is also observed that, the correlation between two studied variables is low. Regression equation found that problem solving ability in mathematics could not be predicted from the scores of emotional intelligence.

Teacher play viable role in everybody's life therefore, it was thought to study the social health of teachers with difference age group. The teacher teaching at different levels face different challenges as the student characteristics, contents, nature of academic activities and administrative work at different level of education.The concept of social health is less intuitively familiar that of physical or mental health, and yet, along with physical and mental health, it forms one of the three pillars of most definitions of health. Human Being has tried to make life comfortable with innovations. No doubt it makes human life very comfortable but in the process we start forgetting about owns self's, the essence of human being the fast, technological age increases standard of living decrease in quality of life. The individuals stress does not affect his /her life but also the life of others in the society. The human is a social being therefore maladjusted behavior of individuals contaminates individual's mental health as well as social health. To maintain social health is very necessary to build up powerful and strong nation. And for this education is the great media. Teaching is a unique profession which is complex in nature, demands various roles to perform and influences others behavior.Thus, the study is an endeavor to study the social health of primary, secondary and higher secondary teachers.

In developing countries, rapid growth in urban population has not been matched by an adequate expansion of sanitation, health services, and livelihood opportunities. Consequently, the urban advantage in health has faded in recent decades. In the recent times, much of the studies have shown the higher risk of maternal and child mortality, higher childhood malnutrition, and lower use of antenatal and delivery care services among the urban poor with compared to rest of the urban residents and in some cases than the rural residents too. But, there is dearth of literature showing the use of family planning among urban poor. Family planning has widespread positive impacts for population health and wellbeing; contraceptive use not only decreases unintended pregnancies and reduces infant and maternal mortality and morbidity, but it is critical to the achievement of Millennium Development Goals. This study examines the differences in family planning use among women hailing from the slums of Tiruchirappalli.

Image data hiding provides an out-band channel to a sender to deliver secret data to a designated receiver without other entities being aware. Its application varies from medical use to military application. The criteria for a good image data hiding algorithm are imperceptible to non-authenticated entities and high capacity for carrying secret data. The first criterion is more significant if the application is about military or espionage. LSB substitution algorithm is the simplest scheme to hide message in a host image. It replaces the least significant bit (LSB) of each pixel with the encrypted message bit stream. Authenticated receivers can extract the message by deciphering the LSB of every pixel of the host image with a pre-shared key. Since only the least significant bit of pixels is altered, it is visually imperceptible by human. The capacity of the algorithm is 1 bit per pixel.

Industrial progress depends on satisfied labour force and in this connection the importance of labour welfare measures. The term 'labour legislation' is used to cover all the laws which have been enacted to deal with employment and wages, working conditions, industrial relations, social security and welfare of workers employed in industries. Labour law also known as employment law is the body of laws, administrative rulings and precedents which address the legal rights of, and restrictions on, working people and their organizations. Labour law defines the rights and obligations as workers, union members and employers in the workplace. There are two broad categories of labour law. First, collective labour law relates to the tripartite relationship between employee, employer and union. Second, individual labour law concerns employees' rights at work and through the contract for work.

This paper discusses the theoretical aspect of cultural diversity. It analyzes theory of cultural diversity historically. We can trace out the development of the theory of cultural diversity in moral monism, liberalism and contemporary liberalism in which various theorists for example, Plato, Aristotle, Augustine, Aquinas, Vico, Herder, J S Mill, John Rawls, Joseph Rawls and Will Kymlicka have developed the theory of cultural diversity in a different ways. After discussing the theoretical aspect of cultural diversity we can say that they have given importance of culture in the society

द .ता. भोसले यांचे केवळ ग्रामीण साहित्याचेच चिंतन आहे असे नाही तर ग्रामीण साहित्य ज्या ग्रामसंस्कृतीवर पोसले आहे , त्या ग्रामीण संस्कृतीचे आणि ग्रामीण लोकजीवनाचे त्यांचे सूक्ष्म चिंतन आहे . भारतीय संदर्भात महाराष्ट्राच्या लोकसंस्कृतीविषयक जे जे अनुभवले ते ते विधायकतेने मांडण्याची त्यांची वृत्ती आहे. संस्कृतीविषयी त्यांना अभिमान आणि तिच्या विषयीची कृतज्ञभावना त्यांच्या संस्कृतीविषयक लेखातून दिसून येते.

भारत में आम आदमी एक अखबार को पढ़ने मुशिकल 32 मिनट खर्च करता है, जबकि टेलीविजन देखने के लिए सौमिनट| युवा पीढ़ी की बात की जाए तो वे अखबार पढ़ने के लिए बेहद कम खर्च करते है, जबकी टेलीविजन देखने और इंटरनेट सर्फिग के साथ अधिक समय बिताने पसन्द करते है| असल में यह स्थिति भारत की नहीं विदेशो की भी यही है|

This paper studies major contributions that have been made by scholars to the concept of CSR for last sixty years, organizes and presents entire web of diverse meanings attached to the umbrella term CSR, which for the purpose of current study includes CSP (corporate Social Performance) and Corporate Social Responsiveness, in an orderly, simple and integrated form. An all-inclusive yet short definition has been proposed. This paper finally throws light on merger of this movement into “Shared value” concept. No study so far has emphasized on need of convergence of the two concepts namely CSR and Shared value.

Mathematics is a “Gatekeeper Course “and successful completion paves the way for students to advance to higher level. Majority of the students do not study mathematics as subject at the secondary stage instead they choose other subjects. They consider it to be an exceptionally difficult subject. The purpose of the study was to diagnose the difficulties in Mathematics of ninth class students.200 ninth class students were selected as a sample for the study. Different areas were identified where students face difficulties. The study revealed that majority of students face difficulty in understanding the concept of congruency and in differentiating among different types of angles. The students faced least difficulties in problems related to lines.

In this era of globalization, the prerequisites for the success of a person are inextricably dependant on effective communication skills and technical know how. It is often observed that, most of the Indian graduates with good technical knowledge and credentials fail to use English proficiently owing to inadequate or ill equipped methods of teaching/learning English in India. Therefore, Indian education system with special reference to language, needs remarkable changes in order to meet the global demands. Teachers of English should move beyond the academic functional English syllabus and start providing multiple content-rich, high standard, interactive curriculum that prepares ESL students to become not only academically successful but also professionally competitive individuals. This article discusses critical needs for implementing a Content-rich, Context-based and Task Based ESL curriculum (CRCBTBC) in English as a second language class for undergraduate students in India. The article also focuses on a theoretical framework that provides rationale for (CRCBTBC) and also provides methods to implement it.

The main objective of the study was to examine and analyzed the physical stress among boys and girls of secondary schools. Another objective to examine and analyzed the physical frustration, physical conflict, physical pressure and physical anxiety among boys and girls of secondary schools. This study was done on secondary school students in 10th standard. The study one hundred fifty students were selected. The purposive sampling method was used. The study student's gender was independent variable and physical stress as well as physical frustration, physical conflict, physical pressure, and physical anxiety were dependent variable. Bisht Battery of Stress Scales developed by Dr.(Km) Abha Rani Bisht was used. The results were analyzed and it was found that there is significant difference between boys and girls in terms of their physical frustration level, physical pressure and physical anxiety level. Gender difference is vital key point on frustration level, physical pressure and physical anxiety level. Girls have high frustration level, physical pressure and physical anxiety level than boys. So, type of gender have effect on frustration level, physical pressure and physical anxiety level. But, there is no significant difference between boys and girls in terms of their physical stress, physical conflict level. So, Gender difference is not vital key point on physical stress, physical conflict level. So, type of gender have not effect on physical stress, physical conflict level.

Television has become a member of every Indian family. Most of the children are eagerly watching cartoon programs on television. This is a subject of research that how television educates the children about various aspect of life and what are the impacts of cartoon programs on children. This research indicates the positive and negative attitude of rural children towards various aspects of cartoon programs