In this fast-growing and fast-changing digital era, teaching becomes the most challenging profession all over the world, where knowledge is expanding and exploring quickly and much of it is available to students as well as teachers at their learning environment. Internet has become a significance source for the faculty members and researchers as they use internet for education purposes, research work and updating knowledge. The present era is the age of “Information and Communication Technology” which has revolutionized the whole world that is why the whole world has converted into a global village. Most experts in the field of education agreed that when rightly practiced, information and communication technology hold great promise to improve teaching and learning. With the necessity of technical skills for teaching, there is an urgent need to examine the teachers’ awareness of the usage of technology in instructional delivery process. This paper focus on the awareness on information and communication technology of Social Science Teachers.

There are downright 1904 towns and 12 areas of Maharashtra go under the northern Western Ghats. It has spread more than 400 km. beach front territory and Deccan level in Maharashtra. It has gotten plenteous characteristic excellence and regular riches. The mining, angling and farming are the principle control of the people groups in this locale. The way of life and society of these individuals are exceptionally affected by characteristic legacy. The range is earth touchy and altogether contributing in the country advancement of the area. In any case, the abundance and unreasonable utilization of normal assets has brought about loss of biodiversity as a rule and socio-natural life specifically. The present advancement exercises are antagonistically influencing on the social and natural status of the Western Ghats in India when all is said in done and northern Western Ghats specifically. It has been additionally delighted from the study reports of Gadgil and Kasturirangan that the issues of the Western Ghats are disturbing. The force of these issues is expanding everyday. The issues like environmental change, deforestation, contamination and dangers to provincial economy and changing social example are developing all the more often in these locales. The present paper endeavored to think about the way of these issues in northern Western Ghats or in Maharashtra. The paper depends on optional information and deblockedive in nature. It comprises in four areas, in which segment first and second manages presentation and approach separately. The third segment explained the socioecological dangers to northern Western Ghats.

Stomach muscle)- - Sugarcane is principally developed for sugar and jaggery generation on the planet and is an essential money harvest of India. It has key impact in the upliftment of financial state of the stick cultivators. In Karnataka State, sugarcane underpins the economy as well as the significant yield which is the wellspring of salary of a large number of ranchers. As a critical money product of Belagavi area of Karnataka involves almost 70 percent of developed area. This study depends on essential information and directed for the time of year 2005-06 and 2013-14. To contemplate the financial status of stick cultivators, an example of 120 agriculturists was chosen haphazardly as needs be to the span of area property from the three towns to be specific Kagwad, Juygal and Shiraguppi of region Belagavi of Karnataka. This study uncovers that the position of normal per capita wage from planted and ratoon stick development of test ranchers declined from Rs.11630 in 2005-06 to Rs.10379 in 2013-14 yet normal for each capita use ascended from Rs. 8542 in 2005-06 to Rs 11642 in 2013-14 because of impacts of inflationary. Unfavorable installment made by sugar industrial facilities. They obtained credit from various organizations which climbed from Rs.2007000 in 2005-06 to Rs.5646000 in 2013-14. The credit organizations are constraining to reimbursement of credits. In this circumstance, the troubles confronted by stick cultivators which have been affected on them to face day today exercises. For get by of stick cultivators, another time arranged government approach is required

The present paper examines the causes and condition of child and adolescence labour of tea garden in Dibrugarh district of Assam. The paper also highlights some case studies of the child and adolescence labourers and look at how they are forced to work in tea garden of Assam. This study analyses about their workload, exploitation, types of work, parent roles, the owner of tea garden role and profits from these categories of labour, etc. in tea estate. The study also discusses the sociological impact from the child labour in the tea garden labour communities and the broader society of Assam. This paper is based on secondary and primary data collected from the field survey of a particular tea plantation.

This study aimed to find out difference in emotional intelligence of degree and B.Ed. college teachers of Rajasthan. The Emotional Intelligence Scale by Dr.Vinit Khera, Ms.Puja Ahuja and Ms.Sarabjit Kaur was used to assess the emotional intelligence of degree and B.Ed. college teachers of Rajasthan. The scale was administered on 160 degree and B.Ed. college teachers. The present study revealed that there is no significant difference in emotional intelligence of degree and B.Ed. college teachers.

Child labour in ancient India, existed in the form of child slaves. Under the Mughals a labour had no free will of his own. There was no difference between him and the commodities he produced. Children have always been used in economic activities. The child lies in the fact that child is the universe. As per Census 2011, the number of working children in the age group of 5-14 years has further reduced to 43.53 lakh. A Study on the Child Labour in Tamilnadu is computed by time series of least square method. “Children of today are the potential citizens of tomorrow”.

The banking sector is one of the biggest service sectors in India and now-a-days is in a way to attract the biggest market of India in investment. The banking sector today is focusing on how to provide efficient services to its customers. The Indian Banking System consists of various financial institutions whose objective is serving the people for their financial and economic needs. This paper is a survey of impact of utilization of E-banking services of Karur vysya bank with special reference to Ganapathy branch, Coimbatore. The purpose of this analysis is to measure impact on utilizing Ebanking services and level of satisfaction with regard to services offered by Karur vysya bank with special reference to Ganapathy branch, Coimbatore. The attributes like internet banking, mobile banking, ATM services, timings, attitude of staff towards customer of the bank etc have been analysed.

Environmental issues have become one of the most important problems in the present time worldwide with an alarming rate, causing much vulnerability to human life. The need of the hour is to make the whole society conscious about environment and related issues. The present study aimed to elicit the environmental knowledge of postgraduate students. The sample of the study was comprised of 100 students of M.Ed. In direction of the basic aim of study, environmental knowledge of students was examined in relation to their gender, locale and their streams in graduation. An Environmental Knowledge Test was constructed by the researcher for data collection. In analyzing the data, parametric tests t-test, ANOVA were employed. The results revealed that no gender differences exist in environmental knowledge but locale and streams in graduation determine the level of environmental knowledge.

Technical education plays vital role to every country development the overall performance and productivity of the student, it contributes the society in the students development the teachers the playing the important roemenle. The teaching job is the most responsible job than any other profession because teachers are creating future generation of our society, teachers are the key element to any educational institution, so the job satisfaction on the teacher and work environment in important than any other factor, Because if the teachers feel with their environment then they can able to teach to their student very effectively. This paper is an attempt to develop good work environment to the teachers through that we can develop the quality of higher education and the society

The newspaper sales involve distributing highly perishable products under severe time constraints. Newspapers have become a indispensable product of individuals life. Distribution is an essential element in the newspaper industry as the life time of newspapers are very short and thus a selection of proper channel and appropriate intermediaries is very important. The circulation is normally through salesmen appointed and salaried by the distributors, who in turn pass it on to hawker or vendors. The circulation of the newspaper depends upon the kind of the newspaper is being produced it is very important for the newspaper to know the expectations of the readers and based on which the newspapers have to be produced. Therefore the study is on understanding the expectation of the readers.

In this modern era, libraries are playing an important role by collecting and disseminating the knowledge. Therefore they are called as “Temples of Knowledge”. These libraries have witnessed a series of changes over the past decade in shift of information resources from printed to the electronic form.

Access to food, health care and education is recognized as a basic human right. Health education is a social science that draws from the biological, environmental, psychological, physical and medical sciences to promote health and prevent disease, disability and premature death through education-driven voluntary behavior change activities.

The present study was an endeavour to get familiarization with the pathetic conditions of families engaged with the lock industry of Aligarh. The study was confined to certain variables associated with lock making families that include type of family, working condition, health hazards, daily income, wages they earn daily, daily engagement of family members with special interest in children activities. How distant are the government facilities like government schools and hospitals from their residential areas were also taken into consideration. The workers witnessed to have confronted with health hazards like eye problems and back pain during the night hours. Through the survey it became vivid that children were found doing the work of lock making 30.77 per cent that will prove detrimental to their future life. Socioeconomic condition of the families compelled them to enter in the hazardous work of lock making.

The present study was an endeavour to get familiarization with the pathetic conditions of families engaged with the lock industry of Aligarh. The study was confined to certain variables associated with lock making families that include type of family, working condition, health hazards, daily income, wages they earn daily, daily engagement of family members with special interest in children activities. How distant are the government facilities like government schools and hospitals from their residential areas were also taken into consideration. The workers witnessed to have confronted with health hazards like eye problems and back pain during the night hours. Through the survey it became vivid that children were found doing the work of lock making 30.77 per cent that will prove detrimental to their future life. Socioeconomic condition of the families compelled them to enter in the hazardous work of lock making.

In this paper we deals with unsteady couette flow of a viscoelastic fluid between two parallel walls when the fluid is being injected uniformly at one of the walls and withdrawn at the other. Series solution for the velocity has been presented in terms of motion or injection parameter. Various limiting cases have also been discussed and are found to agree with the results obtained by Srivastava [15, 16]. We have made an effort to study the unsteady flow of viscoelastic fluid between two parallel plates with uniform suction and injection at the walls. The corresponding solution for steady flow has been obtained by Srivastava [16]. We have taken only the relaxation phenomenon of the fluid into consideration and have used a modified form of the stress-strain-rate relationship.

The issue relating to consumer welfare affects the entire people of the nation ensuring consumer welfare is the responsibility of the government. The consumer protection Act, 1986 was introduced which is a milestone in the history of Socio-economics legislation in India and is directed towards public welfare and public benefits. According Kenndey said.1 They are largest economic group, affecting and affected by almost every public and private economic decision. Yet they are the only important group…. Whose views are often not heard. The services which are proceeded by professionals like doctors, advocate and engineers, etc. also suffers from deficiencies of several forms.

The purpose of this paper is to identify and discuss whether the augment of BRIC countries as the economic pillar of global economy is still valid The challenges the BRICS countries are facing and also to study the role of India in BRICS. In the current economic scenario, BRIC countries are still looked upon as the alternative markets that would sustain the growth. Despite few identified weaknesses, still involvement in BRICS markets can be a valuable learning opportunities for international businesses and investors alike. BRIC countries shall need to overcome structural problems and position themselves as the backyard of global economic growth offering more than just alternative investment choice and low cost solutions within a framework of risk-return analogy.

Bodo is the largest plain tribe of Assam. Apart from other consequences, the Assam Official Language Act, 1960 had great impact over the Bodo people also. The Bodo Sahitya Sabha (BSS) took very essential step for the Bodo community. Fight for the recognition of the Boro language as the medium of instruction in the schools for Bodo people was its first attempt. Due to the untiring efforts of the BSS, the Assam Government introduced Boro language as medium of instruction in the schools in Assam in successive stages. In that critical time there emerged two other important institutions, one in political field and other in the student level among the Bodos, viz, The Plain Tribals Council of Assam (PTCA) (27th February, 1967) and All Bodo Students’ Union (ABSU) (15th February, 1967) that played significant role in the emergence of Bodo consciousness and Bodo Movement.

No child can grow his full stature outside the framework of the FamilyJustice P N Bhagwati,1984 Children are the bunch of happiness joy and on whom the future of the country depends. Adoption comes under the ambit of personal laws; there has not been a scope in the Indian scenario to incorporate a uniform law among the different communities which consist of this melting pot this law is governed by various personal laws of different religions. The central govt hopes to completely rejuvenate the adoption system through CARA.

“No child can grow his full stature outside the framework of the Family”Justice P N Bhagwati,1984 Children are the bunch of happiness joy and on whom the future of the country depends. Adoption comes under the ambit of personal laws; there has not been a scope in the Indian scenario to incorporate a uniform law among the different communities which consist of this melting pot this law is governed by various personal laws of different religions. The central govt hopes to completely rejuvenate the adoption system through CARA.

‘Make in India’ companig started on Sept. 25,2014 to transform India in to global manufacturing country by Prime Minister Narandra Modi. Make in India has the BJP led NDA Government flayship complain intended to boost domestic industry, services and agricultural sectors. Though the government has given subsidies, loans and other facilities to farmers, they do not compete with developed countries farmers. The western countries spends $360 billion a year on protecting its farmer with a network of subsidies and tariffs, that costs developing countries about $ 50 billion in potential lost agricultural export. Indian governed has given minimum support price , four major crops, subsidies and loans to Indian farmer.

The clarion call ‘Make in India’ transforms into imminent globalization of the workplace. This would become a fact for a considerable section of the Indian manufacturing and service industry, leading to a remarkable development and possibility of effective workforce management, competing with international standards. The project ‘Make in India’ is in its nascent stage and has the potential to transform the manufacturing and services arena. This also presents an array of opportunities and challenges for the Indian industries. One of these opportunities and challenges is in the area of learning and development. In this paper an attempt is made to describe a cross-cultural scenario and to identify the skill set required to effectively perform in an international set-up

Internet is an integral part of most college students with more than 90 percent of the college students in have access to the Internet. Addiction topositively and negatively. The world of paper and print is giving way to a digital world where everything has digital form whether text, graphics or sound. The digitized world being fast and current, the younger generation is moving fast towards the digital way. Cyberspace and blogosphere are the new worlds of the young generation who exploit and experiment all possibilities of the digital environment. The Internet and online social network sites can affect a student’s academic performance both

The aim of the study is to measure the stress among the clergy in the Indian orthodox church .For this study the researcher takes the 75 samples, 25 each from three diocese namely thumpamon,kollam and kottayam. The study is primarily an empirical research using Quantitative methods. The following objectives were proposed for the study.1. To study the effect of stress among the clergy of the Indian Orthodox Church. 2.To study the impact of Diocese, Age income, Education, Marital status, Duration in Ministry, Number of families in parish, Employment status of spouse, Living arrangement, Number of children, Occupation of children, on the stress of the study group.3.To study the impact of stress among the married and unmarried clergy. From the analysis of the data it is found that there is an adverse effect of stress on the group.Stress is found to have a negative impact among the married Clergy is less than that of the unmarried. The study concluded with suggestions to the Church, Asrams and Family of the Clergy.

The aim of the study is to measure the stress among the clergy in the Indian orthodox church .For this study the researcher takes the 75 samples, 25 each from three diocese namely thumpamon,kollam and kottayam. The study is primarily an empirical research using Quantitative methods. The following objectives were proposed for the study.1. To study the effect of stress among the clergy of the Indian Orthodox Church. 2.To study the impact of Diocese, Age income, Education, Marital status, Duration in Ministry, Number of families in parish, Employment status of spouse, Living arrangement, Number of children, Occupation of children, on the stress of the study group.3.To study the impact of stress among the married and unmarried clergy. From the analysis of the data it is found that there is an adverse effect of stress on the group.Stress is found to have a negative impact among the married Clergy is less than that of the unmarried. The study concluded with suggestions to the Church, Asrams and Family of the Clergy.

In the Indian Education System education has limited connotation. It is largely concerned with the existing formal structure of education and the institutionalized methodology of imparting knowledge to individuals. Within this very system exist many sub-groups of individuals with specific needs and tribes are one of them. In fact tribes form a large group of individuals in the Indian society. For several historical, economic and social reasons the scheduled groups have remained economically backward and socially retarded even to this day. This is true with respect to their educational levels also. India has the second largest tribal population in the world. According to 1991 census the total population of scheduled tribes in India is 67.7 million. In all, there are about 613 tribes living across the country.

The novel Untouchable is a fictional story set in the so-called outcastes? colony outside of an unnamed town during the British rule and is based on the life of the most downtrodden, despised and oppressed section of Indian Society, the outcastes. The story is based on a single day in the life of Bakha, an 18 year old Bhangi, who is a toilet cleaner and a sweeper boy. This novel shows the realistic picture of society.

Internet and media has made mankind avail any information with just one click. This one click might lead to hypochondriasis. Hypochondriasis is referred to, as having a worry of serious mental illness without underlying biological cause. Over awareness about health and diseases has affected the literate more than the illiterate as it is said “ignorance is bliss” this bless for illiterate has turned into a curse for literate. Being aware is not wrong but being aware in the right perspective is what this paper is all about. If by being aware was more than enough then that means we need no expert or physician. The available information is only to make us aware of situation not to master from it. By this paper author wants to open a new vision to information available to use. The cause and treatment to these diseases have been explained in detail and it has also opened a new area of research.

The banking organizations are continuously working in improving service quality to enhance customer satisfaction. The service quality has an impact on customer defection and retention. The mantra of effectively marketing bank products lies in the systematic and professional approach towards satisfying customers needs. To make Indian banks competitively strong they should follow latest technology innovative and globally accepted products services followed by appointment of experienced skilled and tech friendly professionals.

Creating theories, frameworks, committed pioneers, hypotheses of unprecedented qualities have assisted with setting up execution exhorting as a calling. Here, a try has been made to consolidate a part of the basic studies did in association with coordinating and execution directing. The field of controlling has created and changed altogether within the latest century.

The paper deals with the physical properties of lead titanate (PT) sample with additives. The modification of this sample was carried out by adding calcium in proportion of 5 to 15mol%. The samples in bulk form were synthesized by utilizing traditional method of solid state synthesis. The properties like structural analysis, and grain size determination were studied for the lead titanate sample and for the calcium modified lead titanate (PCT). The phase identification, characterization and microstructural analysis is discussed in this paper.

This monetary development inside India is very noticeable by means of infrastructural and manufacturing development inside metros even so the identical is actually overshadowed through the inadequate plight regarding beggars inside these types of towns. This informative article handles this existing ailments on the beggars and the understanding in regards to the different federal government policies. Case study offers a great insight in to the monetary standing regarding beggars and replies why folks choose pleading. The most effective needs a wide plan and reorientation on the current programmes. We all often go through and hear regarding products which are focused on the upliftment on the beggars; along with the content is designed to check in the event these types of products get by any means increased the plight. A lot of NGOs, non-profit non-public businesses and corporations are assisting disadvantaged inhabitants coming from different pieces. Nevertheless this particular part has not yet gotten this needed guidance and attention this also content examines the responsibility regarding corporations in this particular problem.

Composite materials have attracted all researchers due to its light weight and high strength. Today’s need of manufacturing industries is to make the automobiles fuel efficient. Considering this view we have manufacture E-glass epoxy mono composite leaf spring. Design, analysis, Manufacturing and testing of mono composite leaf spring are carried out to replace the earlier conventional steel leaf spring. This reduces the overall weight of suspension system and improves load carrying capacity of the leaf spring by using the composite material. The design considerations for this study are stress and deflection. The composite material used for this leaf spring is E-glass Epoxy. The comparison is made between steel leaf spring of light weight vehicle and composite leaf spring in terms of strength and stiffness. A model of composite leaf spring has been designed from actual steel leaf spring and analyzed using ANSYS in this paper.

“Evaluation is the process for gathering information about the worth or quality of something as a way of making decisions to increase its worth or quality” (New by et al, p.220)13. It is the systematic acquisition of feedback on the use, worth or impact of some activity, program or process in relation to its intended outcome (Naidu, 2006)14. Though evaluation is put at the end, it is in fact a continuous and on-going process that takes place at all the stages of the training cycle. Ultimately, training must be judged by its impact on the organization. This requires hard data on measurable objectives, such as increased sales, market share, reduced operating costs, lower rates of absenteeism, or whatever other objective the training was designed to achieve. Although other forces may affect these measurable criteria, it is nonetheless important that training be tied to corporate objectives all the way through to the payoff stage.

Public healthcare information is an emerging specialty which focuses on the application of information science and technology to public healthcare practice and research and it is a generally a spatial decision support system offers improved geographic visualization techniques, leading to faster, better, and more robust understanding and decision-making capabilities in the public health. Healthcare planning is a challenging field that depends on spatial data such as location and characteristics of health centre demand in the study area. Today heath planners have several tasks to cover to assure that the health service is provided at the best location by using GIS application and it is used to analyze the centre catchment as well as studying the spatial distribution of the PHC in the area and evaluate the level of service provision.

Technology has not only brought revolution in the way of communication among students but it has invaded into almost every aspect of their life, whether it is academics, social or personal life. Internet has now become the one point solution for all questions, students come across. Moreover the access to internet has become very handy with smart phones, as 3G services has made internet very faster. The aim of the present paper was to obtain a deeper insight in the nature of students’ use of smart phones and to find out the way and attitude of students towards academic use of Smartphone. Students use internet on their Smartphone to research for projects, gain more knowledge on academic subjects and personal stuff as well. Now days the moment they are assigned some work by their teachers, they start surfing internet on their Smartphone.

Words are the basic building blocks of sentences. Words in English are of two types. They are simplex or simple word, i.e. it is internally quite simple such as flower, vase, table, fan, tea, spoon, etc. and complex word like unhappiness, unemployment, disappearance,etc. Complex words have a recognizable internal structure. For instance, the word unhappiness is complex because it has a visible internal structure, i.e. the word unhappiness can be broken down into three parts or morphologically known as morphemes:un+happy + ness. Though these three morphemes form the word unhappiness, there are some rules to be followed in its formation. They should be known by a student. Words are the units from which phrases, sentences, paragraphs, etc. are constructed. Further, words are directly related to the vocabulary development which creates a significant portion when a learner of English reads and writes, and it is well known that reading and writing is quite important for a student in his daily activities.

The effect of specific isotonic exercises on muscular strength. This study is collected from age group 14 to 16 years boys from Tanwani English School. Researcher has selected 120 samples for this study. Further these 120 samples are randomly classified into three groups namely Experimental group-1(BWG), Experimental group-2(TBG) and Control group with 40 samples in each. The ‘Pre-test Post-test equivalent group design’ is employed to conduct the experiment. Initially The Researcher used two test items i.e. 1) strength of abdominal plus psoas muscle test 2) strength of upper back muscle test from Kraus-Weber Muscular Strength test used for Pre & post test is conducted for Experimental group-1, Experimental group-2 and Control group. Experimental group-1 and Experimental group-2 are exposed body weight exercise and thera band exercise training programme respectively for six month.

Human Rights are as old as the history of human civilization. The Indian history proves that human rights were as much manifest in the ancient Hindu and Islamic civilizations as in the European Christian civilizations. Human rights in the modern sense have taken shape in India during the freedom struggle which ultimately resulted in the embodiment of human rights in the Indian Constitution. The present paper examines the origin and development of human rights in Indian since ancient times to present days.

Financial inclusion means delivery of banking services at an affordable cost to the people in the lower income strata. There has been a marked progress in the banking infrastructure in both the developed and developing countries. But in all the countries there is sizeable population which is excluded from the availability of financial services. In India, out of every thousand persons, only 99 had credit account and 600 had deposit account as on end March, 2010. India, with a population of 110 crores, faces a major problem of financial exclusion. All the countries, developed as well as developing, are striving for greater financial inclusion. Various methods and strategies of financial inclusion are being implemented, while UK has raised a Financial Inclusion Fund. USA has enacted Community Reinvestment Act which prohibits discrimination by banks against low income strata. Brazil has appointed Bank Correspondents who provide banking services to the poor in the remote comers. South Africa has launched ‘no-frills' accounts, while Kenya has roped in the services of a mobile phone company, in Bangladesh the Grameen Bank Project is famous for providing credit and employment facilities to the poor. Mexico has experimented with Micro Finance Institutions.

The status of flora and fauna in any particular geographical area is an outcome of interrelationship of climatic, physiographic, edaphic and biotic factors .Seabuckthorn (Hippophae spp.) is a perennial, thorny bush with yellow berries is widely distributed in the cold arid Trans Himalayan region . It is rich in pharmaceutical, therapeutic, and cosmetic values and serves as a source of multivitamins and food supplement. Besides, it contributes to fix nitrogen in the soil making it more fertile and plays important role in wildlife conservation.

Globalization and the consequent intervention of multinational agencies have changed the nature of resource use. It has increased the regional inequality and disparity to a large extent, which has a direct impact on regional development. Land is a basic natural resource. It is human habitat and living space as well as a matter of survival or starvation. The necessary goods which we use for our survival comes directly or indirectly from the land itself. Due to increasing population pressure and technological advancement, land has been multiferously used and intensively exploited, which leads to severe degradation. There is increasing evidence that land degradation is the driving force behind climatic change. Land degradation and desertification emerged as issue of global concern over the last few decades.

Human Rights refer to the idea of human beings as having universal rights, or status, in spite of illegal jurisdiction, and similarly other localizing factors, such as nationality and ethnicity. For various, the concept of “human rights” is based in religious principles, or else is otherwise directly interrelated to them. Human Rights can be regarded as the civic complement of political power which is vested in those who administer the state. There is power of people and there is power of the state arising from human rights. One side there is the government and on the other side there is the people’s work out of human rights. Human rights imitate basic human needs. They set up basic standards without which people cannot live in pride. To violate someone’s human rights is to treat that person as though he or she were not a human being. To activist human rights is to demand that the individual dignity of all people be respected. Human rights, as the word is most commonly used, are the rights that every human being is permitted to enjoy and to have sheltered. The essential idea of such rights fundamental values that should be respected in the treatment of all men, women and children exists in several forms in all societies and cultures. A human right is a universal moral right, something which all men, all over the place, at all times must to have, something of which no one may be destitute without a serious affront to justice, something which is outstanding to every human just because he is human. This paper will attempt on promotion and protection of human rights India. This paper will also throw some lights on different mechanisms basic for the protection of human rights.

Service tax is one of the major sources of revenue for the Government. Even after that there is no independent code or any statute for the governance of service tax laws. The laws are not clear, every other day the department comes with a new circular or notification, which has made the entire scenario complicated and problematic for the tax payers. It is not easy to find out the laws relating to a particular service, there are some services which may fall under more than one category and many more problems. The present study considers statutes governing the levy of Service Tax which includes Finance Act 1994 Chapter V and Chapter VA, Service Tax Rules 1994,Service Tax (Advance Rulings) Rules2003,Cenvat Credit Rules 2004,Service Tax (Registration of Special Category of Persons) Rules 2005, Authority for Advance Rulings(Customs, Central Excise and Service Tax) Procedure Regulation2005,Export of Services Rules 2005,Taxation of Services (provided from outside India and received in India ) Rules 2006,Service Tax ( Determination of value ) Rules 2006,Works Contract (Composition Scheme for Payment of Service Tax) Rules 2007,Service Tax (Publication of Names) Rules 2008,Service Tax Dispute Resolution Scheme 2008, Service Tax (Provisional Attachment of Property) Rules 2008,Service Tax Return Preparer Scheme 2009 and Provisions of Central Excise Law applicable to Service Tax.

The Kongu country called “Kongu nadu” has been there from the very ancient times in this history of Tamilnadu. It is a plain land surrounded by hills which are like great fortresses. On the south east the country is a little lowered on this surface and the river Kaveri runs through this part of the country. Many tributaries and streams which origin in the hills join the Kaveri. On the slopes of the hills one can see many fertile lands, while in the other areas there are many dry lands. From the ancient times Kongu Nadu has remained a significant country. Here the study of Keeranur and its History is inevitable one in Kongu Nadu.

The Kongu country called “Kongu nadu” has been there from the very ancient times in this history of Tamilnadu. It is a plain land surrounded by hills which are like great fortresses. On the south east the country is a little lowered on this surface and the river Kaveri runs through this part of the country. Many tributaries and streams which origin in the hills join the Kaveri. On the slopes of the hills one can see many fertile lands, while in the other areas there are many dry lands. From the ancient times Kongu Nadu has remained a significant country. Here the study of Keeranur and its History is inevitable one in Kongu Nadu.

The antibacterial activity of puffer fish Chelonodonpatocaagainst ten bacterial strains has been evaluated.Liver and muscle tissue extracts of Chelonodonpatocaprepared by using acetic acid. The antibacterial test was done by Agar diffusion technique. The liver extract showed maximum activity with zone of inhibition 12 mm radius at 10 mg /10µl in Pseudomonas sp .In thecase of muscle extract, the zone of inhibition extended up to 11 mm radius in Shigellaflexneriat 10mg/10 µl. The results indicated that the liver and muscle extracts of Chelonodonpatocamay have potent antibacterial compounds that can be further explored and utilized for the welfare of mankind.

India has grown by leaps and bounds, registered tremendous growth and achieved a global power status, which is miraculous considering the fact that we are a democracy with a large population. And being a country of 1.2 Billion brings with it tremendous opportunities and we are at the cusp of creating global history with the renewed enthusiasm of our young population that is taking on the challenge of our own system, the prowess of worlds innovation centers, the limited resources and our traditional low risk culture

Infrastructure is one of the most important pillars of any economy, and is certainly the most essential factor that distinguishes the leaders from the laggards. The right infrastructure helps in propelling the growth of an economy. Unfortunately, the Indian infrastructure is marred with under-capacity and largely insufficient in almost all of its key areas. It is a major constraint to the overall development of the country and the successive governments have failed to achieve the investment targets fixed from time to time which have left the country with dire deficits in this critical area. The World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness Report (2015-16) has ranked India 81st out of 140 countries for its insufficient infrastructure. As a good infrastructure is the backbone of the manufacturing sector, so government of India is required to take a big leap in this direction to revive the poor show of the manufacturing sector of India. To give a boost to the manufacturing sector, PM Narendra Modi has launched the ‘Make in India’ campaign. Under this campaign, the government is taking various initiatives to reduce the infrastructural gap by spending around $1trillion in the 12th five year plan. Not only that, the government is also trying hard to combat various challenges and the roadblocks to the infrastructural development like corruption, land acquisition reforms, environmental clearances, government policies, etc in order to attract the investment from the investors inside and abroad.

The objective of this paper is to identify the particular cultural practices realized in the specific cultural context of Kerala with reference to the larger socio political scenario emerged in the post liberal, post capital ,post cyber world. I attempt to identify the potential of cinema, as a cultural product, to reflect and engage this ever changing, turbulent socio political situation in the context of New Generation Malayalam Movies. In addition to the above, I would like to highlight the inefficiency of the existing theories to effectively explain the current situation and the need to formulate new theories to engage the much complicated cultural context.

Knowledge about the social robustness is essential for every individual to structure his / her lifestyle. More importantly, teachers’ perception about social robustness is crucial for the general public as well as for the high-ups in the political circle as they are the promoters of change in the society. However, a valid and handy instrument for assessing teachers’ perception about social robustness is not available in the field of education. The present rating scale has been structured on the basis of its identified constructs – social goal orientation, social security, and social justice. Special care has been taken to keep the length of the tool as short as possible to generate valid data quickly from the teachers. The usability and appropriateness of the tool has been established by testing its content validity, item validity, construct validity, and factorial validity. The computation of Cronbach’s Alpha established the reliability of the tool and its internal consistency. The researchers have provided the details of the constructs of tool and the scoring scheme along with the final form of the instrument.

To revitalize the Pachayati Raj, Rajiv Gandhi Government introduced 64th Constitution Amendment in the Parliament in 1989 and V.P. Sing Government introduced 74th Constitutional Amendment Bill in September 1990. However, the Lok Sabha dissolved and both the bills could not be passed. The P.V.Narsimha Rao Government has introduced the 72nd Constitutional Amendment Bill in Parliament in September, 1991 for strengthening the PRIs in the country. The Bill was passed as 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 by the Parliament which was notified by the Central Government through Official Gazette on April 20, 1993 as it got ratification by the state legislatures and was assented by President of India. After notification the Panchayati Raj Institutions have now got constitutional legitimacy.

The objective is to ensure that suitable levels of infrastructure and services are available to the citizens. In many parts of India, the quality of life in rural and urban areas is miserable and the citizens lead a difficult life. The main purpose of this working paper is to describe the major issues of governance at the local level.

Human beings have not yet realized the full terror and responsibility of existence. It is through our minds alone that the human being passes like that swaying furious rider on the hayrick, farther and more desperately into the night. He is galloping across the storm-filled heath of time, from the dark world of the natural toward some dawn he seeks beyond the horizon. Across that midnight landscape he rides with his toppling burden of despair and hope, bearing with him the beast’s face and the dream, but unable to cast off either or to believe in either.