The present study provides a checklist of harpacticoid copepods from 64 subtidal sites located at Nizampatnam Bay covering an area between latitudes 150 28’ to 150 48’ N and longitudes 800 17’ to 80 47’ E. Copepoda represented by 46 species belonging to 30 genera and 11 families and constituted an overwhelming 24% of the total meiofauna in terms of numerical abundance.

Optimism is a truly positive characteristic that is attractive to many people. Often in old age people often become less optimistic and more pessimistic. In the novel The Old Man in the Sea by Ernest Hemingway, Santiago can be seen as wise optimistic older man. Santiago is surprisingly happy throughout his old age; much of this might have come through wisdom. His faith and courage through bad situations helps to develop him into a remarkable character. Life is nothing until it is lived; it is a man that gives meaning to it. This research paper focuses on the reflection of “optimism” in Ernest Hemingway’s novel The Old Man and the Sea. The concept of hero whose triumph consists of stretching his own powers to their absolute limits regardless of their physical results gives The Old man and the Sea an existential approach. It confronts us with the man who is not capable of making an ultimate effort but makes it successfully and continuously. As an existential being, one should think of the entire humanity while making a choice and it is truly observed in Santiago’s relation with his foe, the marlin. Both Santiago and the marlin are linked together literally and metaphorically in the struggle for survival. This paper identifies Ernest Hemingway as an outstanding American writer who believes in continues struggle to achieve something better.

In Praisesong for the Widow, Marshall reiterates African cultural similarities between the black people of the Diaspora and encourages a spiritual return to African roots. The human need to find one’s personal identity and to establish one’s cultural affiliation is the hallmark of Marshall’s fiction and in Praisesong. She further suggests that the search has no age or eographical limitations. In this novel, Marshall brings the traditional values alive with freshness and vitality of a master storyteller. She sings praises of all mankind depicting human potential to succeed in unifying the spiritual with the physical. In order to develop a sense of our collective history, Marshall says, “I think it is absolutely necessary for black people to effect this spiritual return”.

The Indian caste system has been studied intensively by sociologists, anthropologists and historians. But it is not easy to assess its origin, evolution, its traditional features, its merits and drawbacks. Several theories have been advanced to explain the origin and evolution of the caste system. One of the vague and general hypotheses is that caste is nothing but the outcome of the herd instinct coupled with a natural division of labour. Some thinks that the Indian caste system emerged out of totemism. Still there are many theories , concepts , views and opinions of the experts in this field. The modern thinkers poses many views which portrays the gradual emergence and development of the caste system in India. The paper attempts to trace the genesis and growth of the caste system in India and Tamil Nadu. The Left and Right Hand factions were peculiar to the Tamil Country.

This article deals with the need and use of electronic gadgets in the field of teaching. It is virtually impossible for a single teacher to accommodate all methods of learning when he/she is responsible for teaching a large number of children. But it is possible for a teacher to teach all types of learning styles by using electronic gadgets. Electronic gadget is a small tool such as a machine that has a particular function, but is often thought of as a novelty. This article focuses on the utilization of electronic gadgets, since the technology has a great impact on the students. The present study is an additional knowledge in the field of research and it creates awareness among the rural students about the usage of electronic gadgets. The factors mostly included in the concept of electronic gadgets are television, mobile, computer/laptop, audio players, and social media such as Facebook, Whatsapp. A sample of 300 students from 8 different schools of Tirunelveli district under 3 educational zones is selected. Results revealed that the level of electronic gadgets utilization among higher secondary students is moderate and there is a significant difference in utilization of electronic gadgets of higher secondary students with regard to gender and locality of the school.

In the beginning of the Twentieth Century Tamil Nadu much of the radical social content of non-Brahminism has started showing signs of erosion in the face of increasing class and caste tensions. The increasing number of violent clashes between the socalled ‘backward castes’ and the Dalits and the political resurgence of the latter have raised some issues that seek to invalidate the historical claims of Dravidian nationalism. In the first place, social scientists have been forced to seriously consider the question as to whether the Dravidian movement in the early decades of Twentieth Century adequately represented the concerns of the Dalits and the other marginal groups in the society. Secondly, a question has arisen in intellectual circles as to whether the category of the ‘undifferentiated non-Brahmin’ impeded the untouchables’ quest of a distinct identity and that of a different brand of politics. The Labour issue in the Buckingham and Carnatic Mill created a split in the Dravidain Groups on cate lines –Non-Brahmns and Adi-Dravidas which worked out well for the interests of the European Mill Management and the British rule in Madras. This paper seeks ,in this regard, the reasons for the split and the role of Adi-Dravida and Non-Brahmin leaders in this front.

The present study focuses on the effectiveness of multimedia package on study involvement in learning Biology of higher secondary students in Puducherry. The investigator has chosen 160 higher secondary students for this study. Equivalent group experimental design was employed for this study. 80 students were chosen as control group and 80 students were chosen as experimental group. The experimental group was subjected to multimedia package and control group was treated with conventional method of instruction in learning Biology. Study involvement scale was administered before and after the treatments in order to find out the effectiveness of multimedia package on study involvement in learning Biology.

The seed for the Indian National Congress was sown in the fertile political soil of the Tamil Nadu where congenial atmosphere existed. As a part of the political awakenings, the Madras NativeAssociation was formed in 1852 to ventilate the grievances of the Indians before the Parliament Inquiry Committee. Thus began the technique of political agitation through the methods of petition and peaceful meetings. Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetti was the first man to infuse political awakening in the minds of the elite people of the Madras Presidency as early as the middle of the Nineteenth Century. The Madras Native Association was followed by the Madras Hindu Debating Society and then the Triplicane Literary Society. During 1883- 1884, political demonstrations were held demanding the extension of Lord Ripons term as the Viceroy.

Temples reflect a well developed civilization. A number of temples or temple-sites are located in Kaveri region. An account of temples is found befitting here. The temple has had an enduring ideological importance in Indian history, which makes it the central focus of historical processes like religions, social, economic and political. Temple came to be the legitimating institution of the rulingelite, the king in particular, who acquired legitimacyand tried to convey the authority through the temple and its symbolism. As a super ordinate institution, temple acted as an integrating force for organizing society, economy and polity. In effect as miniature cosmos, it symbolized the territory enrolled by a ruling dynasty. It also needs to be understood that the temple being integral to these process is inseparably linked to the development of religion,sectarian traditions, society, economy and polity.

This paper is an attempt to bring out the life of E.V.Ramasamy (EVR) Periyar and his major events, programmes and contributions in terms of thoughts before going to discuss the various aspects of K.Veeramani in Dravidar Kazhagam under EVR. The great leader Periyar E.V.Ramasamy was a multifaceted personality, a social revolutionary, a rationalist, a profile writer, a forceful speaker and above all an original thinker. In fact, nineteenth century was a period of social ferment in India. This period was the beginning of Indian renaissance. In Indian sub-continent, the emergence of social awakening led to the social reform movement which paved the way for the growth of a movement for social and communal justice.

The aim of the paper is to present the identity crisis in Bharati Mukherjee’s novel Wife. Her novels are window to the world of reality. Her novel depicts the tragic mental breakdown of a young Indian woman, Dimple who feels alienated in the alien land. Sheillustrates how an Indian woman is tormented in the alien land, not physically but mentally. Her protagonist Dimple is grown up between two cultures. At last, she is left with no culture and she thinks she is alienated. She does not talk about the loss of identity only and the land of free also. She discusses the life which is being insecure. She constructs her female protagonist is a highly sensitive and vulnerable woman. Cultural shock makes the protagonist to attempt suicide. Finally she turns to murder her own husband whom she married. This is happened because of the displacement of known culture to unknown culture. She shows the alienated women’s survival and conditions through her novels. One can find the cultural differences and identity crisis in this novel. Thus, identity plays a vital role in her novel.

A noticeable inclusion to the Tamil press in the wake of the Home Rule movement was the Dravidan, an organ of the Justice Party which was born of a communal antagonism between the Brahmins and the non-Brahmans. For some years past, certain publi cmen belonging to non-Brahmin communities watchedwith anxiety the predominance of the Brahmins in government services, educational institutions and public bodies.

The word ‘Prohibition’ means forbidding by law the manufacture and sale of alcoholic liquors for use as beverage. Its aim is to abolish by law, what prohibitionists consider as an evil and pernicious to humanity. The prohibition contains various restrictions in respect of liquor, toddy, opium, cheras,denatured spirits, intoxicant or hemp. Historically speaking, the habit of drinking intoxicant leverages existed in India from time immemorial. The distillation of liquor was known to ancient India as early as Rig Vedic period. There were two kinds of drinks , ‘Somapana’ and ‘Surapana, ’ which were used by the Indo-Aryan settlers in India. Ramayana and Mahabharatha also mention the habit of drinking. The Sangam literature reveal that kings and poets drank various kinds of liquors. It is said that the invasion of Alexander during the Fourth Century not only linked East to the West but also gave ‘a definite stimulus to drink evil’. There were different kinds of drink and preparation but it was not made a source of revenue in India. But during the reign of Chandragupta Maurya, ‘ liquor saloons’ existed under the control of the State. Kautilya in his book, Arthasastra, described the abkari policy of the State. During the Muslim Rule a tax on spirituous liquor appeared among the list of taxes. But the British period witnessed a phenomenal growth of the drink evil. The influence of western civilization drove the Indian people, to a certain extent, for foreign liquor. From the beginning of the British Rule in India, the habit of drinking developed into a new dimension.

The word is so important that one frequently use it by a kind of synecdoche for language itself. Though vocabulary is part of language, its importance overshadows the other components of the language. Words indeed have a mystical quality about them, or else, the world wouldn’t have believed in magical incantation, wherein the words uttered by a magician acquired magical powers to cure some body or to cost a spell on somebody. Viewed in the right perspective as a concomitant feature of the language abilities, vocabulary is unquestionably a major consideration. Words are indeed omnipotent. It serves to carry our thoughts, or rather to put our ides across. In the great struggle of a child or the equally powerful struggle of a L learner, the grasp for right words 2 occupies a most important position. It is the right word at the right context that matters. Vocabulary, certainly is the first step towards learning any language. The list of words that one has to learn in acquiring a mastery over L is probably very important.

One of the confusing difficulties that we had to face after the independence was the position of English in India. English occupied a distinguishable role in India. It was the language of administration, an indispensable subject at school, College and for all the subjects in the Universities. It unlocked the doors for employment and a person, who did not know English was considered as uneducated. Knowledge of English was a necessity to ascend the social ladder. The Constitution of India adopted in 1950 gave a lease of Fifteen years to English as the official language and the Government of India had taken up several measures to promote Hindi as the official language and to replace English.

The place of study is called as temple which leaves a great effect on mind and mental status of students. As education enables countries and their people to succeed in the present century, so important is the work and task of the teachers who are the torch bearer of the young generation. As a matter of fact, making quality education available to the learner’s, to develop their full potential & personality as an ideal citizen are the task-which the teacher has to do. Personality of a taught who is the future of nation reflects the personality of a teacher. A good teacher is one who is diligent, industrious, and innovative, in behaviour, maintains good relationship with parents, his colleagues and head of the institution. Teacher is also a human being; we cannot expect him to be perfect in his imperfect world.

The present study aims to review mood chaos / mood disorders focussing on Maniac event and Major Depressive episode. Major reasons or factors responsible for, aetiology in population and discussion of various theories in relation to that. Methods: This was a review on medical and psychological literature.

The aim of the paper is to portray the perception of women in Alice Munro’s novel The Love of a Good Woman. The voice of women in Canada is against to the marginalization. They quest for their space and rights. The Canadian writer, Munro expresses her feel through her protagonists in her ontemporary writing. She depicts the women’s situation and conditions of their life in society. She talks about the women’s personal and professional life in the story. She examines how the women bury their desire and living for the family. The protagonists adjust their life for their family sake. Their individuality is crunched by the male domination. However they are supreme in certain context, they have superior above them. The narrator explains women’s survival of life in the male chauvinistic world. She presents the daughter- mother relationship through her protagonists. She shows the changes of a woman in different ages, such as a girl, lover, wife and mother. One can understand how she gives importance for women and talks their inner feel.

Consumer preference is an important part of the marketing to realize the challenges and difficulties faced by the marketers in understanding the consumer’s attitude. Consumer preference is the personal view of the individual and their impact of environmental influences on their buying behaviour. It is a study of what’s makes changes in individuals’ buying decision to spend their valuable resource such as money, time, and efforts. On other hand according to the increasing disposable pay system will make changes in consumption of consumer preference. Hence marketing stars with studying the needs and requirements of the customers and ends with their satisfaction and by the way the study of consumer preference becomes an essential part.

Classroom management is a term widely discussed around the world because of its importance in the field of Teaching and Psychology as well. At the same time, it is not easy to define classroom management in a haphazard way why because it involves Tutor, Tutee, Tools, Methodology, sociology and psychology. Simultaneously, we have to think about the promotion of Intelligence and knowledge transfer in the classroom teaching. Learning styles and Teaching competency should go hand in hand. World knowledge is growing at a tremendous pace, especially in science and technology. India must not only keep up this growth but should also make her own significant contribution to it. We have been teaching all the subjects over two hundred fifty years but still we undergo some change of process in teaching. In short, we are unable to give up the conventional methods and to coop up the modernmethods such as ICT (Information and Communication Technology) and WBL (Web Based Learning). Classroom interaction methodology in teaching has under gone a sea of change. In this ICT and WBL blend, Computer connected with internet facility will bring life to classroom teaching and learning process becomes permanent one. In addition to that WBL method ensures the continues education i.e. even a student absent for a class, he/she can login to the server during or after class hours to update the lessons taught in the class hours. On the part of evaluation, teachers are left free, because the results are processed automatically. So this ICT and WBL method may be explored at random to check its effectiveness over conventional methods and this may be implemented as per the findings in the achievement test. This paper will focus on the related aspects of ICT and WBL method in teaching subjects at school and college level as well.

In the present study the researcher has made an attempt to investigate the effect of MultipleIntelligence Theory Oriented Instructional Strategy on Achievement in Science. The sample of the study consisted of 70 students studying in VIII standard in state board syllabus in Mysore city. The sample included both boys and girls. Pre and Post-test experimental design was adopted for the study. The students of experimental study were taught using MITOIS developed by the researcher. The control group was taught using traditional method. After the treatment achievement test which was developed by the researcher was administered to both the groups. The data collected was statistically analyzed and interpreted.

Reading is a complex cognitive process of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning. It is a means of language acquisition, of communication, and of sharing information and ideas. Reading is one of the skills in learning a language. It opens the doors of knowledge. It helps the individuals to accumulate stores of knowledge. Reading habit in mother tongue is the basic for cultivation of the reading habit.

This study was explored to assess the awareness of environmental sustainability of B.Ed. students in Coimbatore district. Survey method was used in this study. A sample of 240 B.Ed. students is taken for the study. Findings indicated that the gender and type of college influences in attitude of B.Ed. students towards environmental sustainability; and there is no significant association in the awareness of environmental sustainability of B.Ed. students with respect to father’s qualification and mother’s qualification.