Cubic cadmium sulfide thin films with (1 1 1) orientation were prepared by a simplified spray technique using cadmium acetate and thiourea salts as sources for Cd and S respectively. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, optical absorption spectroscopy and two point probe techniques. The crystallite size was found to be equal to 82 nm. Microstructural parameters such as strain, dislocation density and number of crystallites were calculated. The lattice parameter value was found to be equal to 5.810 Å. EDAX spectrum reveals that the film contains excess cadmium with sulfur deficiency. The optical measurement shows the presence of direct transition with energy band gap of 2.38 eV. The film exhibits a maximum transmittance of nearly equal to 85 %. The refractive index at λ = 700 nm was found to be equal to 2.6. Refractive value decreases with increase in wavelength confirming that the films exhibit optical refractive dispersion. The electrical resistivity value was found to be equal to 1.013 x 102 ohm-cm.

In the present work, new benzofuran derivative was synthesized and subjected to photochemical reaction. The structure of the product was characterized by spectral data.

Climate change stem from increasing greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide are the result of emissions from fossil fuel combustion, tropical land clearing and natural process. To offset those gases, CO2 emissions are being limited through engineering controls or storing carbon through biological controls. The concept of carbon credits came into existence as a result of increasing awareness of the need for controlling emission and formed under the “Kyoto Protocol” is an international agreement linked to the UNFCCC. To make the “Kyoto Protocol” more effective, the concept of Carbon Credits was introduced. Carbon Credit is like a Permit that allows an entity to emit a specified amount of greenhouse gases. One credit is equal to 1 tonne of CO2 reduced. It introduces a new form of commerce: the carbon trade is a new economic activity involves the buying and selling of “environmental services” including the removal of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. Carbon credits are currently trading for $9.5 to $10 per metric ton. There are six exchanges trading in carbon allowances. JI and CDM are the two project-based mechanisms which feed the carbon market. Currently there are about 227 upcoming manufacturing/public utility projects in India whereas the global requirement is 350-500 million tons of additional carbon credits. Countries not only invest in new technologies & heavy machinery in order to reduce their emissions but they can just pay a minimal amount & get a carbon emission certificate for their emissions.

Density, speed of sound and viscosity have been measured for binary liquid mixture containing o-anisidine + amyl acetate over the entire composition range at temperatures 303.15, 308.15, 313.15 and 318.15 K and at atmospheric pressure. By using these values various parameters like adiabatic compressibility (β), free volume (V), free length (Lf), internal pressure (π) and their excess values have been calculated. The intermolecular interactions and structural effects are analyzed on the basis of the measured and derived properties. Key words: , amyl acetate, viscosity, density

The work was carried out to examine the potential and effectiveness of granular activated carbon (GAC) in combination with 3-Nitroaniline to remove heavy metal particularly cobalt through adsorption from the aqueous media. The adsorption isotherm of cobalt on granular activated carbon at constant temperature 25 ± 10 C has been determined by batch technique and the data fitted reasonably well to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm. The GAC F-300 exhibited a high potential for the removal of Co2+ ions from aqueous solution.

The clay minerals are the most important tools in Geological research. Present paper reports the thermoluminescence study of China Clay which are broadly used in ceramic tiles as raw materials.Research paper deals with the comparative Thermoluminescence study and discussion of glow curve of natural China Clay at different annealing and quenching temperature with fixed beta dose 20 Gy by Sr-90 beta source. Every time 5mg of weighed irradiated powder is taken to record TL of subjected mineral treated with various annealing and quenching temperatures namely 2500 C, 4500 C also TL was recorded as received minerals (NTL) along with beta dose of 15Gy was given and the glow curve are recorded (NTL +ATL).For better understanding all the results are also reproduced as peak temperature vs peak TL intensity in the form of tables. The results are important as Geological dating and forensic investigation point of view.

ial, medicinal and agricultural values1-4. Intraction of different thiocarbamides and substituted cyanamides were carried out to synthesised respective substituted thiocarbamides, bis-foramidino sulphide, amidinothiocarbamides (salt) and their derivatives.5-8 Amidinothiocarbamides and their derivatives were successfully cyclised into respective Hector’s bases, thiadiazines, dithiazines, thiadiazolidines, s-triazines and pyrimidines by using different reagent and different reaction conditions. 9-14 So it was thought interesting to synthesis yet new series of 1,3-bis (Nsubstitutedamidinothiocarbamido)- thiocarbamides.(2) which may posses different pharmaceutical, industrial, medicinal, agricultural important which may be further cyclise to synthesis yet new series of 5 and 6 membered hetercyclic compounds.The structure of all these compounds were established on the basis of elemental analysis ,IR and PMR spectral data.