Tin phosphate cation exchange material was prepared by simple precipitation method. Cerium was introduced in the matrix of tin phosphate by co-precipitation techniques. The ion exchange capacity, chemical stability, and pH titration studies were carried out to understand the ion exchange capability. The physico-chemical characterization was studied by elemental analysis, XRD, FTIR and TGA. The presence of protons makes the tetravalent metal acid salt, a potential candidate for solid state protonic conduction. In the present endeavour, the proton conduction behaviour of tin phosphate and cerium induced tin phosphate has been studied by measuring specific conductance (S) at different temperatures in the range 30–80°C using Solatron (1255B FRA FI1287 Electrochemical Phase) impedance analyzer. Keyword: , , ,

The kinetics of oxidation of ethyl acetoacetate has been investigated in the presence and absence of oxalic acid, in a moderately conc. sulphuric acid medium. The oxidation follows the kinetics of the first order with respect to the oxidant (VI) and first order with respect to the [Ester]. The reaction is overall of the second order. The reactions are acid catalyzed and the rates are independent of added salts. In the absence of oxalic acid the reaction is overall second order, first order in each reactant. In presence of oxalic acid the rate of oxidation increases. The values of thermodynamic parameters have been evaluated. A probable mechanism consistent with the kinetic data has been proposed.  

The present work deals with the synthesis and characterization of SiO2 by solgel method and also provide a basic understanding of the effect of solvents on the growth of SiO2 .The precursor solutions were made by mixing tetraethoxysilicate (TEOS), acetone, ethanol and deionized water. The results show that the obtained SiO2 particles were composed of spherical nanoparticles. In this work, we deals with different solvents, which are helpful for the enhancement of optical properties and surface morphologies. Growth rate of SiO2 can be observed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical properties can be examined by using the UV-Visible spectroscopy. SEM and UV-Visible analysis revealed that all the required morphologies and absorption spectra were observed which were indicative of the successful synthesis of silica particles. The solvents suppress the growth of SiO2 films, the observed spectra of samples in the ultraviolet region.

In this work it was possible to synthesize and characterize the ligand of N-salicylidene- β-alanine (KHL). A series of metal caffeine complexes involving a tridentate (NO2)- donor Schiff base and two monodentate N9 caffeine and water coordination with the composition [M(LH)(Caff)2H2O]n; M= Cd2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Cu2+; Caf= caffeine have been prepared and characterized by FT-IR, 1 H, 13C NMR, DEPT, UV-Visible and Molar Condutance.

The waste waters containing synthetic dyes could not be treated effectively using conventional technologies owing to the complex molecular structure and stability of synthetic dyes. Use of high energy radiations like UV rays either alone or in presence of H2O2 is considered as the novel technique for treating such effluents. In this work, the photolytic decoloration of aqueous solutions of Indigo carmine dye with UV rays in presence of H2O2 has been investigated. The extent of decoloration was followed as a function of decrease in absorbance, spectrophotometrically at the λ max of 612 nm. The influence of factors such as exposure time, dye concentration and dose of H2O2 was studied. Results revealed that the effective decoloration could be achieved only in the presence of both i.e. UV rays and H2O2.The dose of H2O2 has significant effect on the rate of degradation. There is a critical value of H2O2 to achieve effective decoloration. As the dose of H2O2 increased beyond this critical value it was found to have retarding effect on efficiency of decoloration. It was observed that, as the dye concentration increases, the rate of decoloration decreases. For all the dye concentrations, the rate of decoloration was quite high initially, but as the time of exposure was increased, the rate of decoloration was found to be slow and steady.

The objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of using granulated particle of Tamarindus Indica seed as an alternative adsorbent for the removal of Chromium (VI) ions from aqueous solutions. The effect of pH, solution temperature, contact time, initial metal ion concentration and adsorbent dose on the adsorption of Chromium (VI) by granulated particle of Tamarindus Indica seed was investigated using batch methods. Adsorption for Chromium (VI) was found to be highly pH dependent compared to the other parameters investigated. Obtained results gave an adsorption capacity of 77.56 % for Chromium (VI) at pH 2, exposure time of 3hr at 25 ºC. The data obtained from the batch processes have used to fit in Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm equations. The results suggest that granulated particle of Tamarindus Indica seed could be used as effective adsorbents for the removal of Cr (VI) ions.

Today about 80% of world energy requirement is provided by petroleum products. Its, extensive utilization has led to climate change, environmental pollution, and health problems. To reduce these effects, it is necessary to enhance the use of renewable energy sources. Among many renewable energy sources biodiesel is one such alternative. An oscillatory baffled reactor has been designed and fabricated to produce Mahua oil methyl esters from high FFA Mahua oil. In our present study the production of Biodiesel was carried out in two steps. The highest biodiesel yield was obtained (95%) under conditions of reaction temperature of 25 degree celcius, reaction time of 10 minutes, oil to methanol molar ratio of 1:12 and 4 v/v % sulfuric acid in the first step and 0 .3 weight % of potassium hydroxide in second step as catalysts.