Sensors are essential components in the maritime industry for data collection. Equipped with various instruments, sensors serve various purposes safer navigation, efficient operations, environmental protection, and improved situational awareness in the maritime industry. Sensor technology in the maritime industry is rapidly advancing, enhancing safety, efficiency, and sustainability through real time data collection and analysis. Collecting high quality ship data with reliable sensors can open up new ways to optimize the lifecycle and efficiency of ships. In this paper, we will explore sensor technology and its applications in the maritime industry. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Sensor Technology in the Maritime Industry" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97182.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97182/sensor-technology-in-the-maritime-industry/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Sensors are essential components in the maritime industry for data collection. Equipped with various instruments, sensors serve various purposes safer navigation, efficient operations, environmental protection, and improved situational awareness in the maritime industry. Sensor technology in the maritime industry is rapidly advancing, enhancing safety, efficiency, and sustainability through real time data collection and analysis. Collecting high quality ship data with reliable sensors can open up new ways to optimize the lifecycle and efficiency of ships. In this paper, we will explore sensor technology and its applications in the maritime industry. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Sensor Technology in the Maritime Industry" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97182.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97182/sensor-technology-in-the-maritime-industry/matthew-n-o-sadiku

This abstract summarises the design, development, and implementation of a contemporary Library Management System LMS constructed on the Google Cloud Platform GCP . The system is designed to automate and oversee critical library functions, including user registration, book cataloguing, borrowing, returning, and reservation tracking, while providing real time access and insights using cloud native technologies. Utilising GCP’s solid infrastructure, the LMS employs Cloud Run or App Engine for serverless backend deployment, guaranteeing automated scalability and reduced operational overhead. Cloud Fire store or Cloud SQL functions as the primary database, offering real time synchronisation and high availability for dynamic material, including user profiles, book inventories, and transaction records. Cloud Storage is used for the preservation of digital assets such as book covers and papers, whilst Firebase Authentication guarantees secure, role based user access. Saravanan A | Dr. Velumani S | Suganth V "Library Management System (LMS) Built on Google Cloud Platform (GCP)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97164.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/97164/library-management-system-lms-built-on-google-cloud-platform-gcp/saravanan-a

Smart toilets, which are also known as e toilets or electronic toilets or intelligent toilets or modern day bidet, are revolutionizing bathroom experiences worldwide as well as sanitation and hygiene with cutting edge advanced features and technologies. They are comfortable and convenient, and come with automatic flushing, self cleaning capabilities, heated seats, bidet functions, and personalized settings. The paper examines the pros and cons of both smart toilets and e toilets and their benefits to man. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Smart Toilets and E-Toilets" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97183.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97183/smart-toilets-and-etoilets/paul-a-adekunte

This abstract summarises the design, development, and implementation of a contemporary Library Management System LMS constructed on the Google Cloud Platform GCP . The system is designed to automate and oversee critical library functions, including user registration, book cataloguing, borrowing, returning, and reservation tracking, while providing real time access and insights using cloud native technologies. Utilising GCP’s solid infrastructure, the LMS employs Cloud Run or App Engine for serverless backend deployment, guaranteeing automated scalability and reduced operational overhead. Cloud Fire store or Cloud SQL functions as the primary database, offering real time synchronisation and high availability for dynamic material, including user profiles, book inventories, and transaction records. Cloud Storage is used for the preservation of digital assets such as book covers and papers, whilst Firebase Authentication guarantees secure, role based user access. Saravanan A | Dr. Velumani S | Suganth V "Library Management System (LMS) Built on Google Cloud Platform (GCP)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97164.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/97164/library-management-system-lms-built-on-google-cloud-platform-gcp/saravanan-a

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the use of computers on the provision of community based mental health services in the Northwest and Southwest Regions of Cameroon. More specifically, the study sought to ascertain the extent to which the use of telephones, The target population of the study consisted of 405 mental health professionals working in the Northwest and Southwest Regions of the country. The study employed the sequential explanatory mixed methods research design. Quantitative data was collected through a questionnaire while a semi structured interview guide and an observational checklist were used to collect qualitative data from a sample of 300 mental health professionals. Questionnaires were completed by 275 participants while 15 participants were interviewed and 10 others were observed in the two Regions. The purposive and snowball sampling techniques were used to select the sample. Data were analyzed with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS version 26.0 for Windows. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyze quantitative data while qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis with the support of ATLAS.ti software version 8.0. The findings revealed that the use of computers r=.654, df=425, p=0.003 has a positive correlation with the provision of community based mental health services. However, it was observed that inadequate computer facilities, electricity and internet, mental health professionals’ lack of training on computers and the lack of motivation by mental health practitioners to use computers for service delivery are limiting factors to computer use in the provision of community based mental health services. Based on the findings, recommendations were made to mental healthcare trainers, mental health professionals, vulnerable persons affected by mental disorders, the government and other researchers in Cameroon on measures to enhance computer use and integration in mental healthcare research and practice. Azinwi Terence Niba | Foncham Paul Babila | Ngwa Peter Neba "Use of Computers and the Provision of Community-Based Mental Health Services in the Northwest and Southwest Regions of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97200.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/97200/use-of-computers-and-the-provision-of-communitybased-mental-health-services-in-the-northwest-and-southwest-regions-of-cameroon/azinwi-terence-niba

The study investigated the knowledge, attitudes, and practices KAP related to gender sensitivity among academic leaders in State Universities and Colleges SUCs across Samar Island to design a GAD compliant academic leadership framework. It assessed administrators knowledge legal compliance, gender concepts, institutional responsibilities , attitudes valuing inclusivity, GAD compliance perception, support for gender sensitive leadership, bias awareness , and implementation of gender sensitive practices school management, infrastructure, pedagogical practices . The research used a descriptive correlational design with a complete enumeration of academic administrators from four SUCs in Samar Island University of Eastern Philippines UEP , Northwest Samar State University NWSSU , Samar State University SSU , and Eastern Samar State University ESSU . Findings showed high knowledge levels among both administrators and faculty, with administrators scoring higher. Attitudes were predominantly favorable , and practices were generally practiced, though stronger in management and pedagogy than in infrastructure. Significant positive correlations were found between knowledge and attitudes, knowledge and pedagogical practices, and attitudes and gender sensitive leadership practices, indicating that knowledge and attitudes predict practice. The study proposed the Transformative Gender Sensitive Academic Leadership Theory and a GAD Compliant Academic Leadership Framework, emphasizing legal literacy, inclusive values, and consistent implementation. Franz Martin N. Jonson | Blenah O Perez "Knowledge on Gender Issues of Middle Level Administrators of State Universities in Samar Island: Design for Gender Sensitive Leadership Framework" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97199.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/97199/knowledge-on-gender-issues-of-middle-level-administrators-of-state-universities-in-samar-island-design-for-gender-sensitive-leadership-framework/franz-martin-n-jonson

Uterine prolapse can happen to women of any age, but it affects post menopausal women who had one or more vaginal deliveries. Uterine prolapse is displacement of the uterus from its exact position. It can be in the vagina or it can be outside of the vagina and result from weakness in normally supportive tissue. 3 Prolapse of uterus is main factor that cause complication in reproductive health of women. Quantitative research approach was adopted total 60 participants were selected through purposive sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was administered. The data was analysed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. This study showed that the mean post test knowledge score 33.82 3.30 of the postnatal mother was higher than the mean pre test knowledge score 22.68 3.92 and the mean difference was 11.14. The mean score was 15.9 1.30. Mean percentage score for practice1 score was 79.5 . In practice 2 the lowest range score was 13 and the highest range score was 20. The mean score was 17.45 1.7 and mean percentage score for practice score was 90 . The study concluded that the participants had not adequate knowledge regarding uterine prolapse and its prevention. By giving promoting and preventive counselling it shows that it was increase the knowledge of mothers. Dr. Dineshwori Chanu Paonam | Ms. Rebecca Priti Bahadur | Ms. Deepti Kukreti | Ms. Sheenu Singh "Effectiveness of Health Promotive and Preventive Counselling on Knowledge and Self-Care Practices Regarding Prevention of Uterine Prolapse among Post Natal Mothers at Smi Hospital, Dehradun" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97217.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/97217/effectiveness-of-health-promotive-and-preventive-counselling-on-knowledge-and-selfcare-practices-regarding-prevention-of-uterine-prolapse-among-post-natal-mothers-at-smi-hospital-dehradun/dr-dineshwori-chanu-paonam

Smart toilets, which are also known as e toilets or electronic toilets or intelligent toilets or modern day bidet, are revolutionizing bathroom experiences worldwide as well as sanitation and hygiene with cutting edge advanced features and technologies. They are comfortable and convenient, and come with automatic flushing, self cleaning capabilities, heated seats, bidet functions, and personalized settings. The paper examines the pros and cons of both smart toilets and e toilets and their benefits to man. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Smart Toilets and E-Toilets" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97183.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97183/smart-toilets-and-etoilets/paul-a-adekunte

This study examines gamifications transformation of employee engagement in modern systems of performance management. Traditional yearly reviews are being replaced by digital platforms that use game like features such as points, badges, and leaderboards to inspire employees. Research suggests that gamification has a significant effect on employee engagement, turnover, and job satisfaction by meeting basic human needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Though deployment must be carefully planned and accommodate culture, organizations with gamified performance systems realize 25 40 higher development participation and 10 20 lower voluntary turnover. As digital natives enter the workforce, gamification is an effective response to engagement challenges while advancing business goals. Dr. Lankanath Rathnayaka "Transforming Employee Engagement through Digital Innovation - How Gamification Elements Reshape Modern Performance Management Practices" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97186.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/hrm-and-retail-business/97186/transforming-employee-engagement-through-digital-innovation--how-gamification-elements-reshape-modern-performance-management-practices/dr-lankanath-rathnayaka

Sustainability has become an essential factor in the face of climate change. Companies recognized this as a chance to enhance their business value by implementing sustainability reporting practices. They utilize sustainability reporting to demonstrate their accountability and transparency concerning the information shared with their stakeholders. In India, sustainability reporting is increasingly important due to rising regulatory demands and stakeholder expectations. This research aims to examine the changing trends in sustainability reporting practices among Indian firms, with a specific emphasis on integrated reporting. Integrated reporting gives a comprehensive perspective of company operations in terms of financial and non financial data, presenting the firms performance and value creation across time. Study is based on descriptive research design and used data from corporate sustainability disclosures, annual reports, case studies, and existing literature available on sustainability reporting. This research presents the adoption patterns and pinpoints the main drivers of integrated reporting adoption, and the quality of IR. The study also emphasizes the benefits and challenges to widespread integrated reporting adoption. This research contributes to the deeper understanding of sustainability reporting in the Indian landscape and offers insights for policymakers, corporations and stakeholders to make policies on quality disclosures, enhance transparency and aid decision making of stakeholders. Dr. Alka Pandey | Aakriti Sahu "Integrated Reporting and Corporate Transformation: Shaping India’s Sustainability Disclosures" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97188.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97188/integrated-reporting-and-corporate-transformation-shaping-india’s-sustainability-disclosures/dr-alka-pandey

The development of effective wound healing strategies remains a critical area of research, particularly in the face of increasing antibiotic resistance. This study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of a double crosslinked hydrogel incorporating azlocillin loaded silver nanoparticles for enhanced antibiotic activity and improved wound healing. Azlocillin, a broad spectrum ß lactam antibiotic, was combined with silver nanoparticles AgNPs to create a hydrogel that provides both sustained antimicrobial effects and promotes tissue regeneration. The hydrogel formulations were prepared using a combination of polyvinyl alcohol PVA , sodium alginate, and chitosan, crosslinked both physically and chemically. The hydrogels were evaluated for their physical appearance, mechanical properties, pH, drug release profile, antimicrobial activity, and biocompatibility. The results indicated that the PVA Alginate composite hydrogel exhibited superior performance in terms of drug release, antimicrobial efficacy, and stability over time. The hydrogel formulations demonstrated controlled and sustained release of azlocillin, providing prolonged protection against wound infections. Furthermore, the incorporation of silver nanoparticles enhanced the antimicrobial activity, particularly against common wound pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These findings suggest that the developed hydrogel systems have the potential to be an effective and innovative approach for treating chronic wounds and preventing infections in wound healing applications. Babli | Hakim Singh Rajput | Amresh Gupta "Formulation and Evaluation of Double-Crossed Linked Hydrogel using Azlocilin-Silver Nanoparticles for Better Antibiotic Effect or Wound Healing" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97189.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmaceutics/97189/formulation-and-evaluation-of-doublecrossed-linked-hydrogel-using-azlocilinsilver-nanoparticles-for-better-antibiotic-effect-or-wound-healing/babli

Sustainability has become an essential factor in the face of climate change. Companies recognized this as a chance to enhance their business value by implementing sustainability reporting practices. They utilize sustainability reporting to demonstrate their accountability and transparency concerning the information shared with their stakeholders. In India, sustainability reporting is increasingly important due to rising regulatory demands and stakeholder expectations. This research aims to examine the changing trends in sustainability reporting practices among Indian firms, with a specific emphasis on integrated reporting. Integrated reporting gives a comprehensive perspective of company operations in terms of financial and non financial data, presenting the firms performance and value creation across time. Study is based on descriptive research design and used data from corporate sustainability disclosures, annual reports, case studies, and existing literature available on sustainability reporting. This research presents the adoption patterns and pinpoints the main drivers of integrated reporting adoption, and the quality of IR. The study also emphasizes the benefits and challenges to widespread integrated reporting adoption. This research contributes to the deeper understanding of sustainability reporting in the Indian landscape and offers insights for policymakers, corporations and stakeholders to make policies on quality disclosures, enhance transparency and aid decision making of stakeholders. Dr. Alka Pandey | Aakriti Sahu "Integrated Reporting and Corporate Transformation: Shaping Indias Sustainability Disclosures" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97188.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97188/integrated-reporting-and-corporate-transformation-shaping-indias-sustainability-disclosures/dr-alka-pandey

This study has demonstrated that integrating a unified detection approach within edge cloud architectures significantly enhances both data privacy and threat response effectiveness in distributed systems. By utilizing federated learning, local differential privacy techniques, and a multi layered detection framework, the proposed model ensures that sensitive data remains localized while enabling collaborative, intelligent threat identification across nodes. The system efficiently balances computational load between edge and cloud components, reducing latency and communication overhead without sacrificing detection accuracy. Through rigorous evaluation using benchmark datasets and simulated real world conditions, the framework achieved superior performance metrics compared to centralized and decentralized counterparts, validating its robustness and scalability. The findings affirm the critical role of decentralized intelligence, secure model updates, and privacy centric design in future ready cybersecurity infrastructures. Ultimately, this research offers a viable pathway toward building secure, responsive, and privacy preserving solutions for next generation edge cloud ecosystems, encouraging broader adoption in critical applications such as smart cities, healthcare, and industrial IoT. Kalyan Sripathi | Vineet Baniya "Data Privacy and Threat Response in Edge-Cloud Architectures: A Unified Detection Approach" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97115.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/software-engineering/97115/data-privacy-and-threat-response-in-edgecloud-architectures-a-unified-detection-approach/kalyan-sripathi

Trigeminal Neuralgia TN presents a unique clinical challenge due to its unpredictable course, diagnostic complexity, and variable response to treatment. Understanding its underlying mechanisms has advanced significantly over time, opening the door for both improved diagnostic techniques and creative treatment approaches. This study offers a thorough synthesis of the most recent data on TN, with an emphasis on the combination of cutting edge imaging techniques, developing pharmaceutical therapies, and new non invasive therapies. This article attempts to close the gap between conventional management and innovative approaches by examining the complex nature of TN, from its genetic and electrophysiological foundations to clinical decision making. The limits of existing therapy paradigms and the potential for patient specific, tailored care are specifically discussed. We emphasize the value of a multidisciplinary approach in maximizing results for people with this incapacitating pain disease by using this holistic viewpoint. Khamani Pedaprolu | Narender Boggula | L Satyanarayana | Mandepudi Lakshmi Chandini "Trigeminal Neuralgia: Diagnostic Challenges and Evolving Therapeutic Strategies" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97198.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/97198/trigeminal-neuralgia-diagnostic-challenges-and-evolving-therapeutic-strategies/khamani-pedaprolu

This study explores the rapidly expanding research domain of leadership in the volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous VUCA environment through a comprehensive bibliometric review. A bibliometric review was conducted, analyzing annual publications, key sources, country collaborations, and keyword co occurrence to map the growth and focus areas of research on leadership in VUCA environments. The analysis reveals a notable increase in publications from 2020, peaking in 2023. Leading contributors include the United States and India, with diverse sources covering agile management, business resilience, and educational leadership. Network visualization shows robust global collaboration, particularly between the United States and the United Kingdom. Keyword analysis identifies key themes such as digital transformation, agile leadership, and emotional intelligence. This study emphasizes the growing need for adaptive and innovative leadership strategies to address the complexities and uncertainties of the modern global landscape. Shambhavi Maurya | Sanskriti Dhurve | Arpita Kushwaha "Mapping the Landscape of Leadership Dynamics in a VUCA Era: Insights from a Bibliometric Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97206.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/organizational-behaviour/97206/mapping-the-landscape-of-leadership-dynamics-in-a-vuca-era-insights-from-a-bibliometric-review/shambhavi-maurya

Plasma cutting is a manufacturing process is leading in developing in arc cutting process which is higher productivity and Good in quality. Nitrogen is used as a shielding gas in the PAC. The shielding gas can influence the cut strength, ductility, and toughness and corrosion resistance. The parameters are the most important factors affecting the quality, productivity and cost of cutting. Where the input parameters are Voltage, Cutting speed, Standoff distance and Output parameters are Material Removal Rate, Kerf width, Surface Roughness value RA value . In this study the effects of different parameters on Kerf width, Surface Roughness value and MRR will be predictedn this study, 12mm plate thickness Hardox 400 has been cut by high tolerance plasma arc cutting machine and the unevenness of cutting has been investigated. According to the experimental results, it has been seen that burning of particulars and distribution amount were increased when the cutting was performed measured the speeds. Moreover, it has been noticed that the change the speed which affects the cutting width of plate also change the unevenness of plate with cutting speed. The aim is to see how the cutting system and speed affect material structure up to what depth, it was determined that the hardness from the outer surface to the core decreased, while the hardness near to the outer surface ted by the high temperature occurred during cutting increased. Patel Jitendra Kumar "Investigation of Hardness Effect of Hardox-400 Cutting Plate by Plasma ARC Cutting System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97170.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/97170/investigation-of-hardness-effect-of-hardox400-cutting-plate-by-plasma-arc-cutting-system/patel-jitendra-kumar

The study investigated the knowledge, attitudes, and practices KAP related to gender sensitivity among academic leaders in State Universities and Colleges SUCs across Samar Island to design a GAD compliant academic leadership framework. It assessed administrators knowledge legal compliance, gender concepts, institutional responsibilities , attitudes valuing inclusivity, GAD compliance perception, support for gender sensitive leadership, bias awareness , and implementation of gender sensitive practices school management, infrastructure, pedagogical practices . The research used a descriptive correlational design with a complete enumeration of academic administrators from four SUCs in Samar Island University of Eastern Philippines UEP , Northwest Samar State University NWSSU , Samar State University SSU , and Eastern Samar State University ESSU . Findings showed high knowledge levels among both administrators and faculty, with administrators scoring higher. Attitudes were predominantly favorable , and practices were generally practiced, though stronger in management and pedagogy than in infrastructure. Significant positive correlations were found between knowledge and attitudes, knowledge and pedagogical practices, and attitudes and gender sensitive leadership practices, indicating that knowledge and attitudes predict practice. The study proposed the Transformative Gender Sensitive Academic Leadership Theory and a GAD Compliant Academic Leadership Framework, emphasizing legal literacy, inclusive values, and consistent implementation. Franz Martin N. Jonson | Blenah O Perez "Knowledge on Gender Issues of Middle Level Administrators of State Universities in Samar Island: Design for Gender Sensitive Leadership Framework" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97199.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/97199/knowledge-on-gender-issues-of-middle-level-administrators-of-state-universities-in-samar-island-design-for-gender-sensitive-leadership-framework/franz-martin-n-jonson

This study investigates how talent management practices can incorporate Environmental, Social and Governance ESG principles in the current era. According to research, businesses that connect ESG strategies with employee management can gain important competitive advantages such as recruiting more talent, keeping workers engaged, performing well financially and strengthening ties with key stakeholders. The analysis reveals that to succeed, ESG integration should influence three essential fields environmental care, social justice and quality of leadership. Despite having to overcome resistance, complex measurement approaches and not enough resources, adopting ESG talent strategies makes organizations more resilient and helps them maintain sustainability over time. Mainly, the recommendations focus on leaders being true to their commitment, transforming culture, shaping purposeful metrics and engaging with all parties involved. With more regulations being introduced and employees wanting careers with meaning, managing human capital sustainably is key to a company’s success rather than just an extra duty. Dr. Lankanath Rathnayaka "Sustainable Human Capital Management - Exploring the Strategic Integration of ESG Principles in Contemporary Talent Management Systems" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97187.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/hrm-and-retail-business/97187/sustainable-human-capital-management--exploring-the-strategic-integration-of-esg-principles-in-contemporary-talent-management-systems/dr-lankanath-rathnayaka

This paper investigates how Indian English drama—comprising both original English language plays and widely circulated translations—engages with India’s rich traditions of ritual and folk performance to interrogate themes of history, identity, and power. Focusing on key dramatists such as Girish Karnad, Vijay Tendulkar, Badal Sircar, Mahesh Dattani, and selected contemporary practitioners, the study explores how traditional forms like Yakshagana, Tamasha, Koodiyattam, Saang Swang, and regional village liturgies are adapted into hybrid dramaturgical frameworks. These frameworks transcend mere aesthetic fusion, creating a space where indigenous narrative structures interact with global theatrical idioms. Anchored in Na ya Sastra aesthetics and postcolonial performance theory, the analysis argues that ritual and folk elements function not as ornamental “local colour,” but as critical, subversive instruments. They enable dramatists to challenge colonial legacies, dismantle caste and gender hierarchies, and resist the centralising force of state authority. In doing so, Indian English drama positions itself as a site of cultural negotiation and political resistance within both national and transnational contexts. Ms. Shalu "Rituals and Folk Traditions in Indian English Drama" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97181.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/english/97181/rituals-and-folk-traditions-in-indian-english-drama/ms-shalu

The COMPACT Framework Catalyzing Opportunities for Military Partnership, Accelerated Commerce, and Technology serves as a pivotal mechanism in strengthening India US strategic ties across defence, trade, and technology sectors. This research article examines the key policy measures necessary to ensure its long term success, focusing on regulatory alignment, defence cooperation, trade facilitation, supply chain resilience, cybersecurity, and emerging technologies. The paper highlights the importance of harmonising legal frameworks, fostering joint research collaborations, and enhancing maritime security in the Indo Pacific region. Further, it explores the geopolitical implications of COMPACT and the challenges posed by bureaucratic barriers, strategic misalignments, and cybersecurity threats. The findings suggest that sustaining COMPACT requires bipartisan political support, institutionalised cooperation mechanisms, and a clear roadmap for economic and technological collaboration. By implementing forward looking policies, India and the US can bolster military interoperability, drive economic growth, and position themselves as global leaders in innovation and security. Dr. Vishnu Prakash Mangu "COMPACT Framework: Strengthening India-US Ties in Defence, Trade, and Technology" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97203.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/97203/compact-framework-strengthening-indiaus-ties-in-defence-trade-and-technology/dr-vishnu-prakash-mangu

The development of effective wound healing strategies remains a critical area of research, particularly in the face of increasing antibiotic resistance. This study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of a double crosslinked hydrogel incorporating azlocillin loaded silver nanoparticles for enhanced antibiotic activity and improved wound healing. Azlocillin, a broad spectrum ß lactam antibiotic, was combined with silver nanoparticles AgNPs to create a hydrogel that provides both sustained antimicrobial effects and promotes tissue regeneration. The hydrogel formulations were prepared using a combination of polyvinyl alcohol PVA , sodium alginate, and chitosan, crosslinked both physically and chemically. The hydrogels were evaluated for their physical appearance, mechanical properties, pH, drug release profile, antimicrobial activity, and biocompatibility. The results indicated that the PVA Alginate composite hydrogel exhibited superior performance in terms of drug release, antimicrobial efficacy, and stability over time. The hydrogel formulations demonstrated controlled and sustained release of azlocillin, providing prolonged protection against wound infections. Furthermore, the incorporation of silver nanoparticles enhanced the antimicrobial activity, particularly against common wound pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These findings suggest that the developed hydrogel systems have the potential to be an effective and innovative approach for treating chronic wounds and preventing infections in wound healing applications. Babli | Hakim Singh Rajput | Amresh Gupta "Formulation and Evaluation of Double-Crossed Linked Hydrogel using Azlocilin-Silver Nanoparticles for Better Antibiotic Effect or Wound Healing" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97189.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmaceutics/97189/formulation-and-evaluation-of-doublecrossed-linked-hydrogel-using-azlocilinsilver-nanoparticles-for-better-antibiotic-effect-or-wound-healing/babli

This study has demonstrated that integrating a unified detection approach within edge cloud architectures significantly enhances both data privacy and threat response effectiveness in distributed systems. By utilizing federated learning, local differential privacy techniques, and a multi layered detection framework, the proposed model ensures that sensitive data remains localized while enabling collaborative, intelligent threat identification across nodes. The system efficiently balances computational load between edge and cloud components, reducing latency and communication overhead without sacrificing detection accuracy. Through rigorous evaluation using benchmark datasets and simulated real world conditions, the framework achieved superior performance metrics compared to centralized and decentralized counterparts, validating its robustness and scalability. The findings affirm the critical role of decentralized intelligence, secure model updates, and privacy centric design in future ready cybersecurity infrastructures. Ultimately, this research offers a viable pathway toward building secure, responsive, and privacy preserving solutions for next generation edge cloud ecosystems, encouraging broader adoption in critical applications such as smart cities, healthcare, and industrial IoT. Kalyan Sripathi | Vineet Baniya "Data Privacy and Threat Response in Edge-Cloud Architectures: A Unified Detection Approach" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97115.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/software-engineering/97115/data-privacy-and-threat-response-in-edgecloud-architectures-a-unified-detection-approach/kalyan-sripathi

Cardiovascular disease is a medical condition which are blocking the blood vessels can cause the heart attack, angina pectoris, heart stroke, myocardial infraction and arrhythmia. Heart Attack is one of the most common and deadly cardiovascular diseases across the world. It is an issue which affects a huge part of society and has now become the 3rd leading cause of the death. A heart attack also known as a myocardial infarction MI is when the heart muscle does not receive enough blood flow and the heart cells begin to die. This can result from a severely decreased blood flow to the coronary arteries or because there is a complete blockage in the arteries. When the heart muscle begins to die, the person has a heart attack. Symptoms may or may not precede a heart attack. If the heart arteries narrow by more than 70 . Myocardial infarction may be “silent, and go undetected, or it could be a catastrophic event leading to hemodynamic deterioration and sudden death. Most myocardial infarctions are due to underlying coronary artery disease, the leading cause of death in the United States. With coronary artery occlusion, the myocardium is deprived of oxygen. Prolonged deprivation of oxygen supply to the myocardium can lead to myocardial cell death and necrosis. This activity describes the pathophysiology, evaluation, and management of myocardial infarction and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in improving care for affected patients. Bhudidha Shivathmika | Narender Boggula | Mandepudi Lakshmi Chandini "The Changing Landscape of Heart Attack: In Sight to Diagnosis and Therapeutic Advances" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97208.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/97208/the-changing-landscape-of-heart-attack-in-sight-to-diagnosis-and-therapeutic-advances/bhudidha-shivathmika

Trigeminal Neuralgia TN presents a unique clinical challenge due to its unpredictable course, diagnostic complexity, and variable response to treatment. Understanding its underlying mechanisms has advanced significantly over time, opening the door for both improved diagnostic techniques and creative treatment approaches. This study offers a thorough synthesis of the most recent data on TN, with an emphasis on the combination of cutting edge imaging techniques, developing pharmaceutical therapies, and new non invasive therapies. This article attempts to close the gap between conventional management and innovative approaches by examining the complex nature of TN, from its genetic and electrophysiological foundations to clinical decision making. The limits of existing therapy paradigms and the potential for patient specific, tailored care are specifically discussed. We emphasize the value of a multidisciplinary approach in maximizing results for people with this incapacitating pain disease by using this holistic viewpoint. Khamani Pedaprolu | Narender Boggula | L Satyanarayana | Mandepudi Lakshmi Chandini "Trigeminal Neuralgia: Diagnostic Challenges and Evolving Therapeutic Strategies" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97198.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/97198/trigeminal-neuralgia-diagnostic-challenges-and-evolving-therapeutic-strategies/khamani-pedaprolu

This paper explores the transformative role of adaptive Artificial Intelligence AI in enhancing customer service within the e commerce sector. Unlike conventional AI models that operate on static algorithms and predefined rules, adaptive AI evolves continuously by learning from real time interactions, behavioral patterns, and contextual data. This dynamic responsiveness enables e commerce platforms to deliver personalized recommendations, streamline logistics, improve product search accuracy, and provide intelligent virtual assistance. By integrating adaptive AI, businesses can create deeply engaging, efficient, and customer centric shopping experiences that build loyalty and drive sales. This study examines the key areas of adaptive AI application in e commerce, including personalized shopping journeys, quick commerce logistics, targeted marketing, smart search functionalities, and virtual customer support systems. Arathy Prakash "Adaptive AI is Improving Customer Service in E-Commerce" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97190.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/97190/adaptive-ai-is-improving-customer-service-in-ecommerce/arathy-prakash

This study investigates the effect of leadership and ownership structure on the financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria over the period 2014 to 2023. The research specifically examines how key governance variables Board Size, Board Gender Composition, Managerial Ownership, foreign ownership, Corporate Risk Disclosure, influence performance indicators such as return on Assets ROA , Net Interest Margin NIM , and Economic Value Added EVA . Additionally, the study incorporates three control variables management efficiency MEFF , Non Performing Loans, and Regulatory. Utilizing a panel dataset of twelve 12 listed Nigerian Deposit Money Banks over ten years, the study applies panel regression techniques, including Fixed Effects, Random Effects, and robust standard errors, to address heteroskedasticity and cross sectional dependence. The findings reveal that Board Size has a negative and significant effect on ROA and EVA, suggesting that larger boards may hinder effective decision making. Board Gender Composition and Managerial and foreign ownership positively influence performance in some models, supporting the view that diversity and insider alignment can enhance firm outcomes. Corporate Risk Disclosure consistently shows a strong positive relationship with all three performance measures, indicating the value of transparency in improving stakeholder confidence. The study contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence from an emerging market and offers practical insights for regulators, bank management, and policymakers on the role of corporate governance in enhancing financial stability. Abdulmumin Tijjani | Dr. Shamsuddeen Muhammad Ahmad "Effect of Leadership and Ownership Structure on Financial Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97194.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/97194/effect-of-leadership-and-ownership-structure-on-financial-performance-of-deposit-money-banks-in-nigeria/abdulmumin-tijjani

Plasma cutting is a manufacturing process is leading in developing in arc cutting process which is higher productivity and Good in quality. Nitrogen is used as a shielding gas in the PAC. The shielding gas can influence the cut strength, ductility, and toughness and corrosion resistance. The parameters are the most important factors affecting the quality, productivity and cost of cutting. Where the input parameters are Voltage, Cutting speed, Standoff distance and Output parameters are Material Removal Rate, Kerf width, Surface Roughness value RA value . In this study the effects of different parameters on Kerf width, Surface Roughness value and MRR will be predictedn this study, 12mm plate thickness Hardox 400 has been cut by high tolerance plasma arc cutting machine and the unevenness of cutting has been investigated. According to the experimental results, it has been seen that burning of particulars and distribution amount were increased when the cutting was performed measured the speeds. Moreover, it has been noticed that the change the speed which affects the cutting width of plate also change the unevenness of plate with cutting speed. The aim is to see how the cutting system and speed affect material structure up to what depth, it was determined that the hardness from the outer surface to the core decreased, while the hardness near to the outer surface ted by the high temperature occurred during cutting increased. Patel Jitendra Kumar "Investigation of Hardness Effect of Hardox-400 Cutting Plate by Plasma ARC Cutting System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97170.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/97170/investigation-of-hardness-effect-of-hardox400-cutting-plate-by-plasma-arc-cutting-system/patel-jitendra-kumar

Technology impacts every aspect of the law enforcement profession and is constantly evolving. It plays a crucial role in modern law enforcement, helping officers work more efficiently, solve crimes faster, and keep communities safer. Law enforcement agencies are increasingly utilizing technology to enhance their capabilities in crime prevention, investigation, and community engagement. This includes artificial intelligence AI , robotics, drones, big data, virtual reality, and other emerging technologies. These technologies are equally making their mark in policing and are aimed at improving officer safety, evidence collection, and overall efficiency. They make effective policing possible. The impact of these technologies is mixed. While they can enhance efficiency and effectiveness, there are unintended consequences. Continued public safety requires law enforcement officers to have all the tools to do their job, including the use and understanding of modern technology to better increase security and protection for the officers and the community. In this paper, we will highlight some emerging technologies in law enforcement or policing practice. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Emerging Technologies in Law Enforcement" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97209.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97209/emerging-technologies-in-law-enforcement/matthew-n-o-sadiku

This study examines gamifications transformation of employee engagement in modern systems of performance management. Traditional yearly reviews are being replaced by digital platforms that use game like features such as points, badges, and leaderboards to inspire employees. Research suggests that gamification has a significant effect on employee engagement, turnover, and job satisfaction by meeting basic human needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Though deployment must be carefully planned and accommodate culture, organizations with gamified performance systems realize 25 40 higher development participation and 10 20 lower voluntary turnover. As digital natives enter the workforce, gamification is an effective response to engagement challenges while advancing business goals. Dr. Lankanath Rathnayaka "Transforming Employee Engagement through Digital Innovation - How Gamification Elements Reshape Modern Performance Management Practices" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97186.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/hrm-and-retail-business/97186/transforming-employee-engagement-through-digital-innovation--how-gamification-elements-reshape-modern-performance-management-practices/dr-lankanath-rathnayaka

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the use of computers on the provision of community based mental health services in the Northwest and Southwest Regions of Cameroon. More specifically, the study sought to ascertain the extent to which the use of telephones, The target population of the study consisted of 405 mental health professionals working in the Northwest and Southwest Regions of the country. The study employed the sequential explanatory mixed methods research design. Quantitative data was collected through a questionnaire while a semi structured interview guide and an observational checklist were used to collect qualitative data from a sample of 300 mental health professionals. Questionnaires were completed by 275 participants while 15 participants were interviewed and 10 others were observed in the two Regions. The purposive and snowball sampling techniques were used to select the sample. Data were analyzed with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS version 26.0 for Windows. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyze quantitative data while qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis with the support of ATLAS.ti software version 8.0. The findings revealed that the use of computers r=.654, df=425, p=0.003 has a positive correlation with the provision of community based mental health services. However, it was observed that inadequate computer facilities, electricity and internet, mental health professionals’ lack of training on computers and the lack of motivation by mental health practitioners to use computers for service delivery are limiting factors to computer use in the provision of community based mental health services. Based on the findings, recommendations were made to mental healthcare trainers, mental health professionals, vulnerable persons affected by mental disorders, the government and other researchers in Cameroon on measures to enhance computer use and integration in mental healthcare research and practice. Azinwi Terence Niba | Foncham Paul Babila | Ngwa Peter Neba "Use of Computers and the Provision of Community-Based Mental Health Services in the Northwest and Southwest Regions of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97200.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/97200/use-of-computers-and-the-provision-of-communitybased-mental-health-services-in-the-northwest-and-southwest-regions-of-cameroon/azinwi-terence-niba

This study investigates how talent management practices can incorporate Environmental, Social and Governance ESG principles in the current era. According to research, businesses that connect ESG strategies with employee management can gain important competitive advantages such as recruiting more talent, keeping workers engaged, performing well financially and strengthening ties with key stakeholders. The analysis reveals that to succeed, ESG integration should influence three essential fields environmental care, social justice and quality of leadership. Despite having to overcome resistance, complex measurement approaches and not enough resources, adopting ESG talent strategies makes organizations more resilient and helps them maintain sustainability over time. Mainly, the recommendations focus on leaders being true to their commitment, transforming culture, shaping purposeful metrics and engaging with all parties involved. With more regulations being introduced and employees wanting careers with meaning, managing human capital sustainably is key to a company’s success rather than just an extra duty. Dr. Lankanath Rathnayaka "Sustainable Human Capital Management - Exploring the Strategic Integration of ESG Principles in Contemporary Talent Management Systems" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97187.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/hrm-and-retail-business/97187/sustainable-human-capital-management--exploring-the-strategic-integration-of-esg-principles-in-contemporary-talent-management-systems/dr-lankanath-rathnayaka

This study examined the role of psychosocial support including emotional, social, personal support, and counseling in the internship training of nursing students in the Fako Health District, Southwest Region of Cameroon. Using a mixed method sequential explanatory design, data were collected from 345 participants 325 nursing students and 20 clinical educators through questionnaires, interviews, and focus groups. Statistical analyses, including logistic regression, revealed significant relationships between all four types of psychosocial support and internship outcomes, with emotional support having the highest explanatory power 17.3 . Overall, 98.2 of students emphasized the importance of psychosocial support. The study concludes that psychosocial support is essential for reducing stress, improving student engagement, and enhancing clinical learning. Recommendations include fostering emotionally supportive environments, mentorship programs, personal support systems, and regular counseling sessions to improve students well being and academic performance during internships. Dr. Obenebob Ayukosok "Psychosocial Support and Internship Training of Nursing Students in the Fako Health District of the Southwest Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97169.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/psychology/97169/psychosocial-support-and-internship-training-of-nursing-students-in-the-fako-health-district-of-the-southwest-region-of-cameroon/dr-obenebob-ayukosok

This paper investigates how Indian English drama—comprising both original English language plays and widely circulated translations—engages with India’s rich traditions of ritual and folk performance to interrogate themes of history, identity, and power. Focusing on key dramatists such as Girish Karnad, Vijay Tendulkar, Badal Sircar, Mahesh Dattani, and selected contemporary practitioners, the study explores how traditional forms like Yakshagana, Tamasha, Koodiyattam, Saang Swang, and regional village liturgies are adapted into hybrid dramaturgical frameworks. These frameworks transcend mere aesthetic fusion, creating a space where indigenous narrative structures interact with global theatrical idioms. Anchored in Na ya Sastra aesthetics and postcolonial performance theory, the analysis argues that ritual and folk elements function not as ornamental “local colour,” but as critical, subversive instruments. They enable dramatists to challenge colonial legacies, dismantle caste and gender hierarchies, and resist the centralising force of state authority. In doing so, Indian English drama positions itself as a site of cultural negotiation and political resistance within both national and transnational contexts. Ms. Shalu "Rituals and Folk Traditions in Indian English Drama" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97181.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/english/97181/rituals-and-folk-traditions-in-indian-english-drama/ms-shalu

This paper explores the transformative role of adaptive Artificial Intelligence AI in enhancing customer service within the e commerce sector. Unlike conventional AI models that operate on static algorithms and predefined rules, adaptive AI evolves continuously by learning from real time interactions, behavioral patterns, and contextual data. This dynamic responsiveness enables e commerce platforms to deliver personalized recommendations, streamline logistics, improve product search accuracy, and provide intelligent virtual assistance. By integrating adaptive AI, businesses can create deeply engaging, efficient, and customer centric shopping experiences that build loyalty and drive sales. This study examines the key areas of adaptive AI application in e commerce, including personalized shopping journeys, quick commerce logistics, targeted marketing, smart search functionalities, and virtual customer support systems. Arathy Prakash "Adaptive AI is Improving Customer Service in E-Commerce" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97190.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/97190/adaptive-ai-is-improving-customer-service-in-ecommerce/arathy-prakash

“Smart people” are often referred to individuals who demonstrate or possess a unique combination of exceptional cognitive abilities, creativity, critical analytical thinking skills, and adaptability that enables effective problem solving skills across a wide range of domains, learning, and intellectual growth. What defines smart people also include types of intelligence, traits, behavior, neurological and psychological insights. “Smart” is often synonymous with “intelligence,” though it is a broader and more nuanced concept that includes emotional, creative, practical, and academic components. The paper looks into the subject matter of smart people and their impacts on development and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Smart People" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97216.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97216/smart-people/paul-a-adekunte

Without mincing words, the phenomenon called “lawlessness” is very much prevalent in most developing nations, but less in the developed countries, since there is no crime free state. Lawlessness in any society, can as well be a precursor to corruption, bribery, and so on, as some people who are arrested by the police would want to bribe their way out to be left off the hook. No society or nation can progress or survive socio economically and politically in a state of lawlessness which can lead to a state of anarchy, increase in crime and violence cum high level of insecurity. With all of these problems, no right thinking person, investor or foreigner would want to invest nor endanger or risk the lives of his staff and properties in such a country bedeviled with lawlessness. The paper attempts to look into the positive and negative impacts of lawlessness on the society, the causes and possible solutions out of the menace. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Lawlessness" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97225.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97225/lawlessness/paul-a-adekunte

The COMPACT Framework Catalyzing Opportunities for Military Partnership, Accelerated Commerce, and Technology serves as a pivotal mechanism in strengthening India US strategic ties across defence, trade, and technology sectors. This research article examines the key policy measures necessary to ensure its long term success, focusing on regulatory alignment, defence cooperation, trade facilitation, supply chain resilience, cybersecurity, and emerging technologies. The paper highlights the importance of harmonising legal frameworks, fostering joint research collaborations, and enhancing maritime security in the Indo Pacific region. Further, it explores the geopolitical implications of COMPACT and the challenges posed by bureaucratic barriers, strategic misalignments, and cybersecurity threats. The findings suggest that sustaining COMPACT requires bipartisan political support, institutionalised cooperation mechanisms, and a clear roadmap for economic and technological collaboration. By implementing forward looking policies, India and the US can bolster military interoperability, drive economic growth, and position themselves as global leaders in innovation and security. Dr. Vishnu Prakash Mangu "COMPACT Framework: Strengthening India-US Ties in Defence, Trade, and Technology" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97203.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/97203/compact-framework-strengthening-indiaus-ties-in-defence-trade-and-technology/dr-vishnu-prakash-mangu

Artificial intelligence AI is the emulation of human intellect by computer systems, including learning, self correction, and reasoning. AI systems are being developed in many areas of maritime industry. They are trained with a specific purpose in mind, such as controlling a ship. AI is changing the face of the maritime industry in three particular ways by providing partial autonomy to the automatized units, evaluating processes and optimizing them, and forecasting future trends. Taking advantage of these three opportunities is a way to outperform the competition and reach sustainability goals. AI is set to seriously shake up the commercial shipping sector in decades to come, with the autonomous ship as one of the major goals to be achieved. This paper explores the role of AI in the maritime industry. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Matthias Oteniya | Janet O. Sadiku "Artificial Intelligence in Maritime Industry" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97238.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97238/artificial-intelligence-in-maritime-industry/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Cardiovascular disease is a medical condition which are blocking the blood vessels can cause the heart attack, angina pectoris, heart stroke, myocardial infraction and arrhythmia. Heart Attack is one of the most common and deadly cardiovascular diseases across the world. It is an issue which affects a huge part of society and has now become the 3rd leading cause of the death. A heart attack also known as a myocardial infarction MI is when the heart muscle does not receive enough blood flow and the heart cells begin to die. This can result from a severely decreased blood flow to the coronary arteries or because there is a complete blockage in the arteries. When the heart muscle begins to die, the person has a heart attack. Symptoms may or may not precede a heart attack. If the heart arteries narrow by more than 70 . Myocardial infarction may be “silent, and go undetected, or it could be a catastrophic event leading to hemodynamic deterioration and sudden death. Most myocardial infarctions are due to underlying coronary artery disease, the leading cause of death in the United States. With coronary artery occlusion, the myocardium is deprived of oxygen. Prolonged deprivation of oxygen supply to the myocardium can lead to myocardial cell death and necrosis. This activity describes the pathophysiology, evaluation, and management of myocardial infarction and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in improving care for affected patients. Bhudidha Shivathmika | Narender Boggula | Mandepudi Lakshmi Chandini "The Changing Landscape of Heart Attack: In Sight to Diagnosis and Therapeutic Advances" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97208.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/97208/the-changing-landscape-of-heart-attack-in-sight-to-diagnosis-and-therapeutic-advances/bhudidha-shivathmika

This study investigates the effect of leadership and ownership structure on the financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria over the period 2014 to 2023. The research specifically examines how key governance variables Board Size, Board Gender Composition, Managerial Ownership, foreign ownership, Corporate Risk Disclosure, influence performance indicators such as return on Assets ROA , Net Interest Margin NIM , and Economic Value Added EVA . Additionally, the study incorporates three control variables management efficiency MEFF , Non Performing Loans, and Regulatory. Utilizing a panel dataset of twelve 12 listed Nigerian Deposit Money Banks over ten years, the study applies panel regression techniques, including Fixed Effects, Random Effects, and robust standard errors, to address heteroskedasticity and cross sectional dependence. The findings reveal that Board Size has a negative and significant effect on ROA and EVA, suggesting that larger boards may hinder effective decision making. Board Gender Composition and Managerial and foreign ownership positively influence performance in some models, supporting the view that diversity and insider alignment can enhance firm outcomes. Corporate Risk Disclosure consistently shows a strong positive relationship with all three performance measures, indicating the value of transparency in improving stakeholder confidence. The study contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence from an emerging market and offers practical insights for regulators, bank management, and policymakers on the role of corporate governance in enhancing financial stability. Abdulmumin Tijjani | Dr. Shamsuddeen Muhammad Ahmad "Effect of Leadership and Ownership Structure on Financial Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97194.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/97194/effect-of-leadership-and-ownership-structure-on-financial-performance-of-deposit-money-banks-in-nigeria/abdulmumin-tijjani

Background of the study Disease is considered as any harmful deviation from the normal structural or functional state of an organism that is found to be associated with certain signs and symptoms. One of the most prevalent infectious diseases is “Dengue Fever”. Dengue fever is a mosquito borne disease caused by dengue virus and is prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas.Aim of the study The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding dengue fever among High School children.Material and methods A quantitative research approach that includes utilizing a pre experimental one group pre test post test design was used. Non probability convenient sampling technique was employed to select 40 High School children. Knowledge based questionnaire was used to collect data. Analysis was done using both descriptive and inferential statistics.Findings In the pre test, 20 of the high school children had poor knowledge, whereas 35 had average knowledge and 45 of them had good knowledge about dengue fever. After the implementation of a structured teaching programme, 50 of high school children had average knowledge, along with the remaining 50 who had good knowledge and no one i.e. 0 had poor knowledge regarding dengue fever in the post test. The difference in mean knowledge scores between pre test and post test was statistically significant at p 0.05 level of significance.Conclusion The knowledge of high school children regarding dengue fever was improved as a result of a “structured teaching programme”. Thus, structured teaching programme was found to be an effective tool in improving the knowledge of high school children regarding dengue fever. Simranjit Kaur "A Pre-Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Dengue Fever among High School Children of Mukerian, District Hoshiarpur, Punjab" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97218.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/97218/a-preexperimental-study-to-assess-the-effectiveness-of-structured-teaching-programme-on-knowledge-regarding-dengue-fever-among-high-school-children-of-mukerian-district-hoshiarpur-punjab/simranjit-kaur

Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. Commonly known as Nivali belongs to family Asteraceae. Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. is a plant of Indian origin having tremendous therapeutic potential but is not fully utilized. The present study, primarily aims to carry out a preliminary phytochemical screening so as to detect the major class of compounds present in Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. leaves and to perform thin layer chromatography TLC profiling of all sequential extracts. Phytochemical analysis was performed by various qualitative methods and TLC profiling was carried out using diethyl ether extracts. The solvent system of varying polarity ethyl acetate n hexane 1 1 and ethyl acetate chloroform 1 1 respectively. Qualitative phytochemical analysis reflects the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, phenolic compounds, tannins and terpenoids in the plant extract. TLC profiling of the Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. was constituted different colored phytochemical compounds with different Rf values. The present study provides evidence that solvent extract of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. contains medicinally important bioactive compounds and this justifies the use of plant species as traditional medicine for treatment of various diseases. The present study was aimed to determine the antibacterial efficacy of Ambrosia artemisiifolia Linn. leaf extracts against secondary bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and to investigate the presence of phytocompounds through High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic HPTLC method of the potential extract. The varying degree of extract concentrations has a greater influence in the inhibitory effect against test pathogens. The different Rf values, maximum percentage concentration, area percentage of polyvalent chemical constituents was recorded in HPTLC profiling of Diethyl ether leaf extract, where the maximum percentage concentration was found to be 14.07 at 0.09 Rf. The HPTLC studies has confirmed that the compounds present in the diethyl ether extract might be responsible for the inhibitory effect against the bacterial pathogens and are more soluble in semi polar solvent. Therefore, the present investigation forms the basis as preliminary study of antibacterial efficacy of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. leaf extracts and phytocompound HPTLC profiling of potential extract, which could be used for quality evaluation of compound and standardization of drug in future work. Keywords Ambrosia Artemisiifolia L., Phytochemical Analysis, Thin Layer Chromatography, Diethyl Ether Extract, Ethyl Acetate, N Hexane, Chloroform, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography, Antibacterial Activity. Dr. D. P Kardile | Vasundhara Dhanraj Bhandare | Pratiksha Salekar | Nikita Zende "Phytochemical Screening, HPTLC Fingerprint Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Diethyl Ether Extract of Ambrosia Artemisiifolia L. Leaves" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97224.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/97224/phytochemical-screening-hptlc-fingerprint-analysis-and-antibacterial-activity-of-diethyl-ether-extract-of-ambrosia-artemisiifolia-l-leaves/dr-d-p-kardile

Technology impacts every aspect of the law enforcement profession and is constantly evolving. It plays a crucial role in modern law enforcement, helping officers work more efficiently, solve crimes faster, and keep communities safer. Law enforcement agencies are increasingly utilizing technology to enhance their capabilities in crime prevention, investigation, and community engagement. This includes artificial intelligence AI , robotics, drones, big data, virtual reality, and other emerging technologies. These technologies are equally making their mark in policing and are aimed at improving officer safety, evidence collection, and overall efficiency. They make effective policing possible. The impact of these technologies is mixed. While they can enhance efficiency and effectiveness, there are unintended consequences. Continued public safety requires law enforcement officers to have all the tools to do their job, including the use and understanding of modern technology to better increase security and protection for the officers and the community. In this paper, we will highlight some emerging technologies in law enforcement or policing practice. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Emerging Technologies in Law Enforcement" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97209.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97209/emerging-technologies-in-law-enforcement/matthew-n-o-sadiku

This study examines the transformative impact of artificial intelligence AI on the core functions of futures markets price discovery, risk management, and speculation. Through integrating advanced algorithms, machine learning, and big data analytics, AI significantly enhances information processing efficiency e.g., millisecond level trade execution , predictive accuracy via historical data mining , and operational resilience in futures trading. Key findings demonstrate that AI 1. Optimizes price discovery by improving accuracy 37 forecasting precision , timeliness real time global data integration , and transparency 2. Reinvents risk management through automated hedging, personalized risk control, and cross market surveillance 3. Refines speculation by reducing transaction costs 28 and enhancing market liquidity. Challenges including technical limitations overfitting risks , data security vulnerabilities, and regulatory gaps are critically addressed. The research concludes that AI futures market synergy drives intelligent financial innovation, yet requires strengthened governance frameworks to ensure sustainable development. Xinyue Fan "Artificial Intelligence and the Functioning of Futures Markets" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97112.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/finance/97112/artificial-intelligence-and-the-functioning-of-futures-markets/xinyue-fan

This study examined the role of psychosocial support including emotional, social, personal support, and counseling in the internship training of nursing students in the Fako Health District, Southwest Region of Cameroon. Using a mixed method sequential explanatory design, data were collected from 345 participants 325 nursing students and 20 clinical educators through questionnaires, interviews, and focus groups. Statistical analyses, including logistic regression, revealed significant relationships between all four types of psychosocial support and internship outcomes, with emotional support having the highest explanatory power 17.3 . Overall, 98.2 of students emphasized the importance of psychosocial support. The study concludes that psychosocial support is essential for reducing stress, improving student engagement, and enhancing clinical learning. Recommendations include fostering emotionally supportive environments, mentorship programs, personal support systems, and regular counseling sessions to improve students well being and academic performance during internships. Dr. Obenebob Ayukosok "Psychosocial Support and Internship Training of Nursing Students in the Fako Health District of the Southwest Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97169.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/psychology/97169/psychosocial-support-and-internship-training-of-nursing-students-in-the-fako-health-district-of-the-southwest-region-of-cameroon/dr-obenebob-ayukosok

The reshaping effect of transportation infrastructure innovation on regional consumption patterns has become a core proposition in economic geography research. Based on panel data from 285 prefecture level cities in China 2013–2024 , this study employs a Spatial Durbin Model SDM to investigate the impact of high speed rail HSR opening on urban consumption from a spatial spillover perspective. Using Python web scraping to collect HSR line opening information from Wikipedia and constructing an HSR opening dummy variable, combined with industrial and economic data from the CEIC database, we systematically analyze the logic of consumption spatial restructuring under time space compression effects. Empirical results demonstrate that HSR opening significantly promotes local consumption expansion. The fixed effects model indicates that the total retail sales of consumer goods in HSR opened cities increase by an average of 10.57 , with a significant positive spatial spillover = 0.1127 . Heterogeneity analysis reveals that sub provincial and higher level cities amplify consumption siphon effects due to resource endowments coefficient 210,285.0, p 0.01 , while ordinary prefecture level cities exhibit a pronounced conduit effect in the initial HSR phase due to weaker consumption foundations. Mechanistically, the synergy between HSR and the tertiary industry drives consumption growth in both city types, with sub provincial cities showing stronger synergistic effects owing to advanced service industries. The HSR export synergy forms a transmission chain through improved logistics efficiency e.g., foreign trade consumption accounts for 28.3 in Suzhou Industrial Park. Rising housing prices exhibit a wealth effect in sub provincial cities 12.70, p 0.01 but a crowding out effect in ordinary prefecture level cities. This study provides empirical support for differentiated HSR consumption policies. We recommend optimizing industrial synergy pathways and strengthening spatial equilibrium mechanisms to unlock HSR’s potential for driving consumption upgrading. Xinyue Fan | Yanyan Zhang "Study on the Impact Mechanisms and Effects of High-Speed Rail Opening on Urban Consumption from a Spatial Spillover Perspective" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97109.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/financial-economics/97109/study-on-the-impact-mechanisms-and-effects-of-highspeed-rail-opening-on-urban-consumption-from-a-spatial-spillover-perspective/xinyue-fan

“Smart people” are often referred to individuals who demonstrate or possess a unique combination of exceptional cognitive abilities, creativity, critical analytical thinking skills, and adaptability that enables effective problem solving skills across a wide range of domains, learning, and intellectual growth. What defines smart people also include types of intelligence, traits, behavior, neurological and psychological insights. “Smart” is often synonymous with “intelligence,” though it is a broader and more nuanced concept that includes emotional, creative, practical, and academic components. The paper looks into the subject matter of smart people and their impacts on development and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Smart People" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97216.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97216/smart-people/paul-a-adekunte

Marginal groups in Karnataka—including Scheduled Castes SCs , Scheduled Tribes STs , religious minorities, and economically backward classes—face entrenched socio economic inequalities, limited access to basic services, and systemic exclusion from the mainstream development process. According to the 2011 Census, SCs constitute 17.1 and STs 7 of the state population, yet over 61 of Dalit households remain landless, and only 59 of ST individuals are literate. Despite constitutional mandates and over 12,000 crores allocated annually under the SCSP TSP budget, gaps persist—dropout rates among tribal girls reach 45 , and unemployment among ST youth stands at 17.4 , higher than the state average of 10.6 . Access to public healthcare remains uneven, with only 12 of families from marginalized groups residing within 5 km of a Primary Health Centre. This research article, using a mixed method approach, analyzes primary data from four districts Tumakuru, Kalaburagi, Chamarajanagar, and Raichur and secondary sources to reveal the persistent developmental divide. The study concludes with targeted policy suggestions to promote inclusive growth, reduce inequality, and ensure justice for Karnatakas marginalized populations. Dr. Veeresha M "Invisible India: Issues of Marginal Groups in Karnatakas Socio-Economic Landscape" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97233.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/sociology/97233/invisible-india-issues-of-marginal-groups-in-karnatakas-socioeconomic-landscape/dr-veeresha-m

Uterine prolapse can happen to women of any age, but it affects post menopausal women who had one or more vaginal deliveries. Uterine prolapse is displacement of the uterus from its exact position. It can be in the vagina or it can be outside of the vagina and result from weakness in normally supportive tissue. 3 Prolapse of uterus is main factor that cause complication in reproductive health of women. Quantitative research approach was adopted total 60 participants were selected through purposive sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was administered. The data was analysed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. This study showed that the mean post test knowledge score 33.82 3.30 of the postnatal mother was higher than the mean pre test knowledge score 22.68 3.92 and the mean difference was 11.14. The mean score was 15.9 1.30. Mean percentage score for practice1 score was 79.5 . In practice 2 the lowest range score was 13 and the highest range score was 20. The mean score was 17.45 1.7 and mean percentage score for practice score was 90 . The study concluded that the participants had not adequate knowledge regarding uterine prolapse and its prevention. By giving promoting and preventive counselling it shows that it was increase the knowledge of mothers. Dr. Dineshwori Chanu Paonam | Ms. Rebecca Priti Bahadur | Ms. Deepti Kukreti | Ms. Sheenu Singh "Effectiveness of Health Promotive and Preventive Counselling on Knowledge and Self-Care Practices Regarding Prevention of Uterine Prolapse among Post Natal Mothers at Smi Hospital, Dehradun" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97217.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/97217/effectiveness-of-health-promotive-and-preventive-counselling-on-knowledge-and-selfcare-practices-regarding-prevention-of-uterine-prolapse-among-post-natal-mothers-at-smi-hospital-dehradun/dr-dineshwori-chanu-paonam

Background of the study Disease is considered as any harmful deviation from the normal structural or functional state of an organism that is found to be associated with certain signs and symptoms. One of the most prevalent infectious diseases is “Dengue Fever”. Dengue fever is a mosquito borne disease caused by dengue virus and is prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas.Aim of the study The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding dengue fever among High School children.Material and methods A quantitative research approach that includes utilizing a pre experimental one group pre test post test design was used. Non probability convenient sampling technique was employed to select 40 High School children. Knowledge based questionnaire was used to collect data. Analysis was done using both descriptive and inferential statistics.Findings In the pre test, 20 of the high school children had poor knowledge, whereas 35 had average knowledge and 45 of them had good knowledge about dengue fever. After the implementation of a structured teaching programme, 50 of high school children had average knowledge, along with the remaining 50 who had good knowledge and no one i.e. 0 had poor knowledge regarding dengue fever in the post test. The difference in mean knowledge scores between pre test and post test was statistically significant at p 0.05 level of significance.Conclusion The knowledge of high school children regarding dengue fever was improved as a result of a “structured teaching programme”. Thus, structured teaching programme was found to be an effective tool in improving the knowledge of high school children regarding dengue fever. Simranjit Kaur "A Pre-Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Dengue Fever among High School Children of Mukerian, District Hoshiarpur, Punjab" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97218.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/97218/a-preexperimental-study-to-assess-the-effectiveness-of-structured-teaching-programme-on-knowledge-regarding-dengue-fever-among-high-school-children-of-mukerian-district-hoshiarpur-punjab/simranjit-kaur

This study explores the rapidly expanding research domain of leadership in the volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous VUCA environment through a comprehensive bibliometric review. A bibliometric review was conducted, analyzing annual publications, key sources, country collaborations, and keyword co occurrence to map the growth and focus areas of research on leadership in VUCA environments. The analysis reveals a notable increase in publications from 2020, peaking in 2023. Leading contributors include the United States and India, with diverse sources covering agile management, business resilience, and educational leadership. Network visualization shows robust global collaboration, particularly between the United States and the United Kingdom. Keyword analysis identifies key themes such as digital transformation, agile leadership, and emotional intelligence. This study emphasizes the growing need for adaptive and innovative leadership strategies to address the complexities and uncertainties of the modern global landscape. Shambhavi Maurya | Sanskriti Dhurve | Arpita Kushwaha "Mapping the Landscape of Leadership Dynamics in a VUCA Era: Insights from a Bibliometric Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97206.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/organizational-behaviour/97206/mapping-the-landscape-of-leadership-dynamics-in-a-vuca-era-insights-from-a-bibliometric-review/shambhavi-maurya

Natural compounds varied structures and diverse biological effects make them an essential source for medication development. Among these, Ocimum sanctum tulsi and Withania somnifera ashwagandha are well known medicinal herbs with therapeutic uses in traditional medicine, especially because of their enzyme modulating, anti inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. In order to create a stable and potent polyherbal formulation, the present work focussed on the systematic standardization and optimization of W. somnifera W.S. and O. sanctum O.S. . Both their synergistic and individual effects were assessed analytically. When Withania somnifera and Ocimum sanctum are combined, W.S.s solubility and bioactivity are greatly increased. The results support the scientific validation of traditional medicines for certain conditions and highlight the significance of physicochemical profiling in optimizing herbal mixtures. Khushboo | Manisha | Neera Raghav | Heena Dahiya | Nitika Mor "Optimization of Withania Somnifera and Ocimum Sanctum Combinations and Evaluate their Synergistic Effect" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97207.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/97207/optimization-of-withania-somnifera-and-ocimum-sanctum-combinations-and-evaluate-their-synergistic-effect/khushboo

Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. Commonly known as Nivali belongs to family Asteraceae. Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. is a plant of Indian origin having tremendous therapeutic potential but is not fully utilized. The present study, primarily aims to carry out a preliminary phytochemical screening so as to detect the major class of compounds present in Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. leaves and to perform thin layer chromatography TLC profiling of all sequential extracts. Phytochemical analysis was performed by various qualitative methods and TLC profiling was carried out using diethyl ether extracts. The solvent system of varying polarity ethyl acetate n hexane 1 1 and ethyl acetate chloroform 1 1 respectively. Qualitative phytochemical analysis reflects the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, phenolic compounds, tannins and terpenoids in the plant extract. TLC profiling of the Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. was constituted different colored phytochemical compounds with different Rf values. The present study provides evidence that solvent extract of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. contains medicinally important bioactive compounds and this justifies the use of plant species as traditional medicine for treatment of various diseases. The present study was aimed to determine the antibacterial efficacy of Ambrosia artemisiifolia Linn. leaf extracts against secondary bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and to investigate the presence of phytocompounds through High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic HPTLC method of the potential extract. The varying degree of extract concentrations has a greater influence in the inhibitory effect against test pathogens. The different Rf values, maximum percentage concentration, area percentage of polyvalent chemical constituents was recorded in HPTLC profiling of Diethyl ether leaf extract, where the maximum percentage concentration was found to be 14.07 at 0.09 Rf. The HPTLC studies has confirmed that the compounds present in the diethyl ether extract might be responsible for the inhibitory effect against the bacterial pathogens and are more soluble in semi polar solvent. Therefore, the present investigation forms the basis as preliminary study of antibacterial efficacy of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. leaf extracts and phytocompound HPTLC profiling of potential extract, which could be used for quality evaluation of compound and standardization of drug in future work. Keywords Ambrosia Artemisiifolia L., Phytochemical Analysis, Thin Layer Chromatography, Diethyl Ether Extract, Ethyl Acetate, N Hexane, Chloroform, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography, Antibacterial Activity. Dr. D. P Kardile | Vasundhara Dhanraj Bhandare | Pratiksha Salekar | Nikita Zende "Phytochemical Screening, HPTLC Fingerprint Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Diethyl Ether Extract of Ambrosia Artemisiifolia L. Leaves" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97224.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/97224/phytochemical-screening-hptlc-fingerprint-analysis-and-antibacterial-activity-of-diethyl-ether-extract-of-ambrosia-artemisiifolia-l-leaves/dr-d-p-kardile

This study examines the transformative impact of artificial intelligence AI on the core functions of futures markets price discovery, risk management, and speculation. Through integrating advanced algorithms, machine learning, and big data analytics, AI significantly enhances information processing efficiency e.g., millisecond level trade execution , predictive accuracy via historical data mining , and operational resilience in futures trading. Key findings demonstrate that AI 1. Optimizes price discovery by improving accuracy 37 forecasting precision , timeliness real time global data integration , and transparency 2. Reinvents risk management through automated hedging, personalized risk control, and cross market surveillance 3. Refines speculation by reducing transaction costs 28 and enhancing market liquidity. Challenges including technical limitations overfitting risks , data security vulnerabilities, and regulatory gaps are critically addressed. The research concludes that AI futures market synergy drives intelligent financial innovation, yet requires strengthened governance frameworks to ensure sustainable development. Xinyue Fan "Artificial Intelligence and the Functioning of Futures Markets" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97112.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/finance/97112/artificial-intelligence-and-the-functioning-of-futures-markets/xinyue-fan

By the middle of the nineteenth century, the East India Company had established direct control over a very large part of India. Even areas which were ruled by the Indian Princes were indirectly under British Control. The Mughal Empire ,by this time, existed only in name. The Emperror had neither territory nor power. The British rule had alienated all sections of the the Indian society. The different sections of society thus expressed their anger and hatred for the British rule through protests and revolts ,which culminated in the great uprising of 1857.Lord Canning was the Governor General of India at that time The rule of the English East India Company had changed the life of the Indians in many ways. These were the reasons of the revolt. Tirthankar Hudati "The First War of Independence 1857 and its Impacts" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97211.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/97211/the-first-war-of-independence-1857-and-its-impacts/tirthankar-hudati

The reshaping effect of transportation infrastructure innovation on regional consumption patterns has become a core proposition in economic geography research. Based on panel data from 285 prefecture level cities in China 2013–2024 , this study employs a Spatial Durbin Model SDM to investigate the impact of high speed rail HSR opening on urban consumption from a spatial spillover perspective. Using Python web scraping to collect HSR line opening information from Wikipedia and constructing an HSR opening dummy variable, combined with industrial and economic data from the CEIC database, we systematically analyze the logic of consumption spatial restructuring under time space compression effects. Empirical results demonstrate that HSR opening significantly promotes local consumption expansion. The fixed effects model indicates that the total retail sales of consumer goods in HSR opened cities increase by an average of 10.57 , with a significant positive spatial spillover = 0.1127 . Heterogeneity analysis reveals that sub provincial and higher level cities amplify consumption siphon effects due to resource endowments coefficient 210,285.0, p 0.01 , while ordinary prefecture level cities exhibit a pronounced conduit effect in the initial HSR phase due to weaker consumption foundations. Mechanistically, the synergy between HSR and the tertiary industry drives consumption growth in both city types, with sub provincial cities showing stronger synergistic effects owing to advanced service industries. The HSR export synergy forms a transmission chain through improved logistics efficiency e.g., foreign trade consumption accounts for 28.3 in Suzhou Industrial Park. Rising housing prices exhibit a wealth effect in sub provincial cities 12.70, p 0.01 but a crowding out effect in ordinary prefecture level cities. This study provides empirical support for differentiated HSR consumption policies. We recommend optimizing industrial synergy pathways and strengthening spatial equilibrium mechanisms to unlock HSR’s potential for driving consumption upgrading. Xinyue Fan | Yanyan Zhang "Study on the Impact Mechanisms and Effects of High-Speed Rail Opening on Urban Consumption from a Spatial Spillover Perspective" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97109.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/financial-economics/97109/study-on-the-impact-mechanisms-and-effects-of-highspeed-rail-opening-on-urban-consumption-from-a-spatial-spillover-perspective/xinyue-fan

The main protease Mpro of SARS CoV 2 is a crucial enzyme needed for viral replication and has gathered significant interest in COVID 19 therapeutic research as a drug target. In the current study, we used an integrative approach that included computational methods to assess a curated collection of phytochemicals from plants as potential inhibitors of the Mpro. A library of 50 phytochemicals were screened through a docking program to identify the ones with the best binding affinity to the Mpro active site. The leading candidates were put through molecular dynamics MD simulations to examine the stabilities of protein ligand complexes, and made use of MM PBSA binding free energy calculations to quantify the strengths of bindings of the proteins and ligands. We also evaluated each phytochemical with ADMET profiling to detect whether they had drug likeness and pharmacokinetic characteristics. Withanoside V and Kaempferol 3 O rutinoside exhibited the best profiles of the lipophilicness, reversible bind of 3 for the catalytic residues His41, Cys145 , low predicted toxicity, and high GI absorptions. Overall, the data suggests that some phytochemicals may be effective leads for developing novel anti SARS CoV 2 antiviral agents. Furthermore, this work supports the ability of in silico methods to accelerate drug discovery based on natural products. Danya Sri Anantha Prakash "Computational Screening of Phytochemicals as Potential Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease using Molecular Docking and Dynamics-Based Approaches" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97212.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/bioinformatics/97212/computational-screening-of-phytochemicals-as-potential-inhibitors-of-sarscov2-main-protease-using-molecular-docking-and-dynamicsbased-approaches/danya-sri-anantha-prakash

Without mincing words, the phenomenon called “lawlessness” is very much prevalent in most developing nations, but less in the developed countries, since there is no crime free state. Lawlessness in any society, can as well be a precursor to corruption, bribery, and so on, as some people who are arrested by the police would want to bribe their way out to be left off the hook. No society or nation can progress or survive socio economically and politically in a state of lawlessness which can lead to a state of anarchy, increase in crime and violence cum high level of insecurity. With all of these problems, no right thinking person, investor or foreigner would want to invest nor endanger or risk the lives of his staff and properties in such a country bedeviled with lawlessness. The paper attempts to look into the positive and negative impacts of lawlessness on the society, the causes and possible solutions out of the menace. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Lawlessness" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97225.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97225/lawlessness/paul-a-adekunte

Natural compounds varied structures and diverse biological effects make them an essential source for medication development. Among these, Ocimum sanctum tulsi and Withania somnifera ashwagandha are well known medicinal herbs with therapeutic uses in traditional medicine, especially because of their enzyme modulating, anti inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. In order to create a stable and potent polyherbal formulation, the present work focussed on the systematic standardization and optimization of W. somnifera W.S. and O. sanctum O.S. . Both their synergistic and individual effects were assessed analytically. When Withania somnifera and Ocimum sanctum are combined, W.S.s solubility and bioactivity are greatly increased. The results support the scientific validation of traditional medicines for certain conditions and highlight the significance of physicochemical profiling in optimizing herbal mixtures. Khushboo | Manisha | Neera Raghav | Heena Dahiya | Nitika Mor "Optimization of Withania Somnifera and Ocimum Sanctum Combinations and Evaluate their Synergistic Effect" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97207.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/97207/optimization-of-withania-somnifera-and-ocimum-sanctum-combinations-and-evaluate-their-synergistic-effect/khushboo

Financial literacy has emerged as a critical competency in today’s increasingly digital and financially complex world. This review paper examines the impact of digital financial literacy on investment patterns within the higher education sector, synthesizing findings from recent global studies conducted between 2023 and 2025. The reviewed literature highlights a growing reliance on digital tools including mobile apps, FinTech platforms, and AI driven learning aids for enhancing financial knowledge and behavior among students, faculty, and administrative staff. A consistent trend across studies from India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Belarus, and other regions reveals that improved financial literacy especially when supported by digital resources correlates positively with Keywords informed investment decisions, budgeting habits, and financial confidence. However, the review also identifies notable gaps, including limited research on faculty and non teaching staff, a lack of region specific tools, and the need for inclusive strategies targeting low income and digitally underserved populations. The findings underscore the importance of integrating technology, behavioral education, and inclusive policy in future financial literacy initiatives within academic settings. Shrestha Tiwari | Dr. Asha Saxena "Digital Financial Literacy and Investment Behavior in the Higher Education Sector: A Global Review of Emerging Trends, Tools, and Gaps" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97229.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/97229/digital-financial-literacy-and-investment-behavior-in-the-higher-education-sector-a-global-review-of-emerging-trends-tools-and-gaps/shrestha-tiwari

Smart ports leverage cutting edge technologies such as the Internet of Things IoT , artificial intelligence AI , cloud computing, blockchain, big data analytics, and automation to enhance efficiency, sustainability, and security. Smart ports form the part of the larger concept of “smart cities and Industry 4.0” aligning maritime logistics with digital transformation in the maritime industry. The use of these technologies is to streamline operations, monitor cargo movements, and improve decision making in real time. In this paper, we explore automation, cloud computing and IoT and their applications in smart ports. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Smart Ports" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97230.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97230/smart-ports/paul-a-adekunte

In many areas the reliability of power supply is essential requirement like rural areas hospitals, and other special services requires a sustainable solutions. Mostly such services are covered with the diesel based power supply that will be hazardous as per the climatic factor and much expensive also. The solution required for such kind of problems is a Renewable source of energy like solar or wind energy. The Solar PV option is less expensive and easy to implement in any building. This work is based on the Solar PV connected with the bidirectional inverter with the battery storage system. In earlier days the Solar PV directly connected to the grid and user can take benefits in the day time only. Now a days BESS concept will make the energy storage very easy and can be used in the night time as well as in case of emergency. An off grid system can be used in such a places where the extension of transmission lines are difficult due to some climatic challenges. Hemant Kumar Barle | Dr. S. P. Makhija | Deepshikha Soni | Ankit Kumar Meshram "Battery Storage System and Super Capacitor Implementation to Improve Reliability and Power Quality" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97232.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/97232/battery-storage-system-and-super-capacitor-implementation-to-improve-reliability-and-power-quality/hemant-kumar-barle

The main protease Mpro of SARS CoV 2 is a crucial enzyme needed for viral replication and has gathered significant interest in COVID 19 therapeutic research as a drug target. In the current study, we used an integrative approach that included computational methods to assess a curated collection of phytochemicals from plants as potential inhibitors of the Mpro. A library of 50 phytochemicals were screened through a docking program to identify the ones with the best binding affinity to the Mpro active site. The leading candidates were put through molecular dynamics MD simulations to examine the stabilities of protein ligand complexes, and made use of MM PBSA binding free energy calculations to quantify the strengths of bindings of the proteins and ligands. We also evaluated each phytochemical with ADMET profiling to detect whether they had drug likeness and pharmacokinetic characteristics. Withanoside V and Kaempferol 3 O rutinoside exhibited the best profiles of the lipophilicness, reversible bind of 3 for the catalytic residues His41, Cys145 , low predicted toxicity, and high GI absorptions. Overall, the data suggests that some phytochemicals may be effective leads for developing novel anti SARS CoV 2 antiviral agents. Furthermore, this work supports the ability of in silico methods to accelerate drug discovery based on natural products. Danya Sri Anantha Prakash "Computational Screening of Phytochemicals as Potential Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease using Molecular Docking and Dynamics-Based Approaches" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97212.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/bioinformatics/97212/computational-screening-of-phytochemicals-as-potential-inhibitors-of-sarscov2-main-protease-using-molecular-docking-and-dynamicsbased-approaches/danya-sri-anantha-prakash

A 29 year old female patient presented with complaints of infertility for the past 3 years regular unprotected intercourse and also complained of painful menstruation dysmenorrhea and expressed a strong desire to conceive. Ultrasonography USG revealed the presence of hydrosalpinx, Hysterosalpingography HSG confirmed a right cornual tubal blockage. The patient was treated holistically to address dysmenorrhea, hydrosalpinx, tubal blockage. Oral Ayurvedic medications included Pushpadhanva Rasa, Laxmana Loha, Nashta Pushpantak Rasa, Syrup kumari asava. Additionally, 5 cycles of Uttara Basti intrauterine administration were carried out using Shatavari Ghrita with Kshar taila. Local therapy was administered using Kshara Taila and Shatavari Ghrit yoni pichu. After seven months of treatment, the patient successfully conceived. Dr. Monika Baghel | Dr. Basanti Guru "Successful Conception Following Ayurvedic Management of Tubal Blockage with Uttara Basti: A Case Report" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97220.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/gynecology/97220/successful-conception-following-ayurvedic-management-of-tubal-blockage-with-uttara-basti-a-case-report/dr-monika-baghel

By the middle of the nineteenth century, the East India Company had established direct control over a very large part of India. Even areas which were ruled by the Indian Princes were indirectly under British Control. The Mughal Empire ,by this time, existed only in name. The Emperror had neither territory nor power. The British rule had alienated all sections of the the Indian society. The different sections of society thus expressed their anger and hatred for the British rule through protests and revolts ,which culminated in the great uprising of 1857.Lord Canning was the Governor General of India at that time The rule of the English East India Company had changed the life of the Indians in many ways. These were the reasons of the revolt. Tirthankar Hudati "The First War of Independence 1857 and its Impacts" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97211.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/97211/the-first-war-of-independence-1857-and-its-impacts/tirthankar-hudati

Power quality PQ assessment is crucial in modern multi source grids that accommodate thermal, solar, and wind power. The systems tend to exhibit nonlinear and intermittent characteristics and cause disturbances in the shape of voltage sags, swells, harmonics, and transients. Rule based and traditional signal processing systems are unable to categorize these disturbances due to high noise and variability present in actual data. In this paper, an efficient PQ analysis is proposed with a hybrid ensemble machine learning technique. A synthetic database of 8000 signals for 16 single and composite PQ disturbances based on IEEE and IEC standards was established. Continuous Wavelet Transform CWT was employed to transform 1D signal into 2D time–frequency images to provide better feature extraction. Three ensemble models, Ada Boost, Light GBM, and XG Boost, were trained and tested using clean and noisy 20 dB data. Ada Boost demonstrated the maximum accuracy of 99.92 with zero noise and 99.86 with 20 dB noise. Light GBM and XG Boost were also satisfactory, indicating accuracies of 95.65 –98.73 and 96.46 – 98.64 , respectively. The results authenticate that ensemble learning methods offer a reliable and scalable solution to real time PQ monitoring in smart grid systems that work better than traditional approaches in noisy and complex situations. Ramesh Kumar | Sushil Kumar "A Hybrid Approach for Power Quality Assessment in Multi Source Grid Systems using Ensemble Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97221.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/97221/a-hybrid-approach-for-power-quality-assessment-in-multi-source-grid-systems-using-ensemble-machine-learning/ramesh-kumar

Marginal groups in Karnataka—including Scheduled Castes SCs , Scheduled Tribes STs, religious minorities, and economically backward classes URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97233.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/sociology/97233/invisible-india-issues-of-marginal-groups-in-karnatakas-socioeconomic-landscape/dr-veeresha-m

In many areas the reliability of power supply is essential requirement like rural areas hospitals, and other special services requires a sustainable solutions. Mostly such services are covered with the diesel based power supply that will be hazardous as per the climatic factor and much expensive also. The solution required for such kind of problems is a Renewable source of energy like solar or wind energy. The Solar PV option is less expensive and easy to implement in any building. This work is based on the Solar PV connected with the bidirectional inverter with the battery storage system. In earlier days the Solar PV directly connected to the grid and user can take benefits in the day time only. Now a days BESS concept will make the energy storage very easy and can be used in the night time as well as in case of emergency. An off grid system can be used in such a places where the extension of transmission lines are difficult due to some climatic challenges. Hemant Kumar Barle | Dr. S. P. Makhija | Deepshikha Soni | Ankit Kumar Meshram "Battery Storage System and Super Capacitor Implementation to Improve Reliability and Power Quality" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97232.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/97232/battery-storage-system-and-super-capacitor-implementation-to-improve-reliability-and-power-quality/hemant-kumar-barle

Smart ports leverage cutting edge technologies such as the Internet of Things IoT , artificial intelligence AI , cloud computing, blockchain, big data analytics, and automation to enhance efficiency, sustainability, and security. Smart ports form the part of the larger concept of “smart cities and Industry 4.0” aligning maritime logistics with digital transformation in the maritime industry. The use of these technologies is to streamline operations, monitor cargo movements, and improve decision making in real time. In this paper, we explore automation, cloud computing and IoT and their applications in smart ports. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Smart Ports" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97230.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97230/smart-ports/paul-a-adekunte

Financial literacy has emerged as a critical competency in today’s increasingly digital and financially complex world. This review paper examines the impact of digital financial literacy on investment patterns within the higher education sector, synthesizing findings from recent global studies conducted between 2023 and 2025. The reviewed literature highlights a growing reliance on digital tools including mobile apps, FinTech platforms, and AI driven learning aids for enhancing financial knowledge and behavior among students, faculty, and administrative staff. A consistent trend across studies from India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Belarus, and other regions reveals that improved financial literacy especially when supported by digital resources correlates positively with Keywords informed investment decisions, budgeting habits, and financial confidence. However, the review also identifies notable gaps, including limited research on faculty and non teaching staff, a lack of region specific tools, and the need for inclusive strategies targeting low income and digitally underserved populations. The findings underscore the importance of integrating technology, behavioral education, and inclusive policy in future financial literacy initiatives within academic settings. Shrestha Tiwari | Dr. Asha Saxena "Digital Financial Literacy and Investment Behavior in the Higher Education Sector: A Global Review of Emerging Trends, Tools, and Gaps" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97229.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/97229/digital-financial-literacy-and-investment-behavior-in-the-higher-education-sector-a-global-review-of-emerging-trends-tools-and-gaps/shrestha-tiwari

A 29 year old female patient presented with complaints of infertility for the past 3 years regular unprotected intercourse and also complained of painful menstruation dysmenorrhea and expressed a strong desire to conceive. Ultrasonography USG revealed the presence of hydrosalpinx, Hysterosalpingography HSG confirmed a right cornual tubal blockage. The patient was treated holistically to address dysmenorrhea, hydrosalpinx, tubal blockage. Oral Ayurvedic medications included Pushpadhanva Rasa, Laxmana Loha, Nashta Pushpantak Rasa, Syrup kumari asava. Additionally, 5 cycles of Uttara Basti intrauterine administration were carried out using Shatavari Ghrita with Kshar taila. Local therapy was administered using Kshara Taila and Shatavari Ghrit yoni pichu. After seven months of treatment, the patient successfully conceived. Dr. Monika Baghel | Dr. Basanti Guru "Successful Conception Following Ayurvedic Management of Tubal Blockage with Uttara Basti: A Case Report" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97220.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/gynecology/97220/successful-conception-following-ayurvedic-management-of-tubal-blockage-with-uttara-basti-a-case-report/dr-monika-baghel

The transportation sector significantly contributes to global greenhouse gas emissions. With increasing concerns over environmental sustainability and the depletion of fossil fuels, solar based hybrid electric vehicles HEVs present a viable solution. This paper discusses the architecture, design considerations, control strategies, and environmental impact of integrating solar photovoltaic systems with hybrid electric vehicle powertrains. A Particle Swarm Optimization PSO based energy management strategy is implemented in MATLAB Simulink to optimize power flow and reduce emissions. Results indicate substantial improvements in battery state of charge SOC maintenance and emission reductions compared to conventional strategies. Bushra Rehman | Muhammad Shahid "Solar-Based Hybrid Electric Vehicles for Low CO2 Emission" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97226.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/97226/solarbased-hybrid-electric-vehicles-for-low-co2-emission/bushra-rehman

Power quality PQ assessment is crucial in modern multi source grids that accommodate thermal, solar, and wind power. The systems tend to exhibit nonlinear and intermittent characteristics and cause disturbances in the shape of voltage sags, swells, harmonics, and transients. Rule based and traditional signal processing systems are unable to categorize these disturbances due to high noise and variability present in actual data. In this paper, an efficient PQ analysis is proposed with a hybrid ensemble machine learning technique. A synthetic database of 8000 signals for 16 single and composite PQ disturbances based on IEEE and IEC standards was established. Continuous Wavelet Transform CWT was employed to transform 1D signal into 2D time–frequency images to provide better feature extraction. Three ensemble models, Ada Boost, Light GBM, and XG Boost, were trained and tested using clean and noisy 20 dB data. Ada Boost demonstrated the maximum accuracy of 99.92 with zero noise and 99.86 with 20 dB noise. Light GBM and XG Boost were also satisfactory, indicating accuracies of 95.65 –98.73 and 96.46 – 98.64 , respectively. The results authenticate that ensemble learning methods offer a reliable and scalable solution to real time PQ monitoring in smart grid systems that work better than traditional approaches in noisy and complex situations. Ramesh Kumar | Sushil Kumar "A Hybrid Approach for Power Quality Assessment in Multi Source Grid Systems using Ensemble Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97221.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/97221/a-hybrid-approach-for-power-quality-assessment-in-multi-source-grid-systems-using-ensemble-machine-learning/ramesh-kumar

The internationalization of higher education has emerged as a critical focus for nations striving to enhance their educational systems and global competitiveness. This paper conducts a comparative analysis of the internationalization policies in higher education in China and Nigeria, two countries that, despite their differing contexts and challenges, recognize the importance of integrating global dimensions into their educational frameworks. The study highlights the strategic initiatives undertaken by both nations, including the establishment of international partnerships, faculty and student exchanges, and the promotion of scholarship programs. In China, substantial government support and funding have facilitated a systematic approach to internationalization, exemplified by initiatives such as the Double First Class program, which aims to elevate select universities to world class status. Conversely, Nigerias internationalization efforts, while ambitious, are often hampered by resource limitations, inadequate infrastructure, and political instability, leading to a more fragmented approach. The paper further explores the outcomes of these policies, revealing that while China has successfully increased its global visibility and attracted international students, Nigeria continues to grapple with challenges that hinder its effectiveness in this arena. Ultimately, the findings underscore the need for comprehensive reforms in Nigeria to enhance its internationalization strategies, while also suggesting that China must address issues related to academic freedom and cultural integration to maintain its appeal as a global education hub. Olusegun Adeola Olubunmi | Akinrele Imisioluwa Emmanuel | Amanda Wayne Madzokere "Comparative Analysis of Higher Education Internationalization Policies: A Study of China and Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97236.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/97236/comparative-analysis-of-higher-education-internationalization-policies-a-study-of-china-and-nigeria/olusegun-adeola-olubunmi

This research assessed the status of the Work Immersion Program as a learning instruction about students academic performance in Grade 12 Humanities and Social Sciences HUMSS among identified schools in the North Districts of the Division of Cebu City during the School Year 2022 2023, to enhance the program. The study involved 186 respondents, comprising 4 teachers,7 industries, and 175 randomly selected students. Data collection was conducted using survey questionnaires. The gathered information was analyzed using the descriptive quantitative research method to acquire the data and information necessary for analysis and interpretation. The research explored the demographic profile of the teacher respondents, including age, gender, civil status, highest educational attainment, field of specialization, position, years of teaching experience, relevant training, and seminars attended. For industry respondents, the study examined services, products, and clientele. As for student respondents, the study examined age and gender, general academic achievement 2nd Semester , relationship to the family, family income, parents educational attainment, type of dwelling, and parental involvement in school activities. The respondent groups agreed to the statements regarding the Work Immersion Programs implementation status. Additionally, the student respondents were evaluated as having achieved a Near Mastery level across three phases of the Work Immersion Program. The test of significant relationship was Rejected. Accordingly, there was a significant relationship between the status of the Immersion Program and the students academic achievement in Grade 12 Immersion Humanities and Social Sciences. Certainly, the students academic achievement in Grade 12 Immersion Humanities and Social Sciences was significantly affected by the Immersion Program employed during the learning process. Consequently, it was recommended that an industry and School Based Work Immersion Program be carefully considered to ensure effective implementation and boost the learning experience during the immersion process. Gerald A. Lechadores "Enhanced Productiveness of Industry and School Work Immersion Program: Humanities and Social Sciences Stand Point" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97223.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/97223/enhanced-productiveness-of-industry-and-school-work-immersion-program-humanities-and-social-sciences-stand-point/gerald-a-lechadores

Nigerias local government system faces significant challenges in effectively addressing multicultural diversity and promoting grassroots governance. These challenges are deeply rooted in structural and institutional barriers that hinder inclusive and participatory governance. This paper adopts a qualitative comparative approach to explore how international models of multicultural and multitier governance can inform reforms in Nigeria local government system. It assessed the limitations of Nigeria current local government structure and explores adaptable lessons from Canada, Switzerland, and India. The study is anchored on theories of multiculturalism and multilevel governance to propose actionable frameworks for more inclusive and autonomous local governance in Nigeria. Egbara, Edward A. "From Models to Realities: Lessons for Nigeria in Multicultural and Multitier Local Government System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97114.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/97114/from-models-to-realities-lessons-for-nigeria-in-multicultural-and-multitier-local-government-system/egbara-edward-a

Agricultural ethics is a branch of applied ethics that deals with moral issues and values associated with agricultural practices, food production, rural development, and environmental sustainability. Agricultural ethics combines ethical theory with agricultural science, economics, sociology, and ecology in finding solutions to some complex questions surrounding how food is grown, processed, and distributed. In this paper, we attempt to dive into the complexities around agricultural ethics and its benefits to humanity. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Agricultural Ethics" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97239.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97239/agricultural-ethics/paul-a-adekunte

The internationalization of higher education has emerged as a critical focus for nations striving to enhance their educational systems and global competitiveness. This paper conducts a comparative analysis of the internationalization policies in higher education in China and Nigeria, two countries that, despite their differing contexts and challenges, recognize the importance of integrating global dimensions into their educational frameworks. The study highlights the strategic initiatives undertaken by both nations, including the establishment of international partnerships, faculty and student exchanges, and the promotion of scholarship programs. In China, substantial government support and funding have facilitated a systematic approach to internationalization, exemplified by initiatives such as the Double First Class program, which aims to elevate select universities to world class status. Conversely, Nigerias internationalization efforts, while ambitious, are often hampered by resource limitations, inadequate infrastructure, and political instability, leading to a more fragmented approach. The paper further explores the outcomes of these policies, revealing that while China has successfully increased its global visibility and attracted international students, Nigeria continues to grapple with challenges that hinder its effectiveness in this arena. Ultimately, the findings underscore the need for comprehensive reforms in Nigeria to enhance its internationalization strategies, while also suggesting that China must address issues related to academic freedom and cultural integration to maintain its appeal as a global education hub. Olusegun Adeola Olubunmi | Akinrele Imisioluwa Emmanuel | Amanda Wayne Madzokere "Comparative Analysis of Higher Education Internationalization Policies: A Study of China and Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97236.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/97236/comparative-analysis-of-higher-education-internationalization-policies-a-study-of-china-and-nigeria/olusegun-adeola-olubunmi

This research assessed the status of the Work Immersion Program as a learning instruction about students academic performance in Grade 12 Humanities and Social Sciences HUMSS among identified schools in the North Districts of the Division of Cebu City during the School Year 2022 2023, to enhance the program. The study involved 186 respondents, comprising 4 teachers,7 industries, and 175 randomly selected students. Data collection was conducted using survey questionnaires. The gathered information was analyzed using the descriptive quantitative research method to acquire the data and information necessary for analysis and interpretation. The research explored the demographic profile of the teacher respondents, including age, gender, civil status, highest educational attainment, field of specialization, position, years of teaching experience, relevant training, and seminars attended. For industry respondents, the study examined services, products, and clientele. As for student respondents, the study examined age and gender, general academic achievement 2nd Semester , relationship to the family, family income, parents educational attainment, type of dwelling, and parental involvement in school activities. The respondent groups agreed to the statements regarding the Work Immersion Programs implementation status. Additionally, the student respondents were evaluated as having achieved a Near Mastery level across three phases of the Work Immersion Program. The test of significant relationship was Rejected. Accordingly, there was a significant relationship between the status of the Immersion Program and the students academic achievement in Grade 12 Immersion Humanities and Social Sciences. Certainly, the students academic achievement in Grade 12 Immersion Humanities and Social Sciences was significantly affected by the Immersion Program employed during the learning process. Consequently, it was recommended that an industry and School Based Work Immersion Program be carefully considered to ensure effective implementation and boost the learning experience during the immersion process. Gerald A. Lechadores "Enhanced Productiveness of Industry and School Work Immersion Program: Humanities and Social Sciences Stand Point" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97223.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/97223/enhanced-productiveness-of-industry-and-school-work-immersion-program-humanities-and-social-sciences-stand-point/gerald-a-lechadores

Artificial intelligence AI is the emulation of human intellect by computer systems, including learning, self correction, and reasoning. AI systems are being developed in many areas of maritime industry. They are trained with a specific purpose in mind, such as controlling a ship. AI is changing the face of the maritime industry in three particular ways by providing partial autonomy to the automatized units, evaluating processes and optimizing them, and forecasting future trends. Taking advantage of these three opportunities is a way to outperform the competition and reach sustainability goals. AI is set to seriously shake up the commercial shipping sector in decades to come, with the autonomous ship as one of the major goals to be achieved. This paper explores the role of AI in the maritime industry. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Matthias Oteniya | Janet O. Sadiku "Artificial Intelligence in Maritime Industry" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97238.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97238/artificial-intelligence-in-maritime-industry/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Nigerias local government system faces significant challenges in effectively addressing multicultural diversity and promoting grassroots governance. These challenges are deeply rooted in structural and institutional barriers that hinder inclusive and participatory governance. This paper adopts a qualitative comparative approach to explore how international models of multicultural and multitier governance can inform reforms in Nigeria local government system. It assessed the limitations of Nigeria current local government structure and explores adaptable lessons from Canada, Switzerland, and India. The study is anchored on theories of multiculturalism and multilevel governance to propose actionable frameworks for more inclusive and autonomous local governance in Nigeria. Egbara, Edward A. "From Models to Realities: Lessons for Nigeria in Multicultural and Multitier Local Government System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97114.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/97114/from-models-to-realities-lessons-for-nigeria-in-multicultural-and-multitier-local-government-system/egbara-edward-a

Anaemia is a critical public health problem in India that affects women and children throughout the lifecycle. Anaemia in girls limits their development, learning ability, reduces concentration in daily tasks, increases their vulnerability to infection, increases school dropout rates, reduces physical fitness and work productivity. Adolescent period is signalized by marked physical activity and rapid growth spurt therefore, they need additional nutritional supplements and are at utmost risk of developing nutritional anaemia. This study was carried out to find out the prevalence of anaemia among adolescent girls. In adolescents, anaemia has been linked to affecting physical disorders, growth, and mental retardation and also increases reproductive morbidities among adolescent girls during their womanhood. Unfortunately, the anaemia intervention program, such as the National Nutrition Anaemia Prophylaxis Programme, primarily targets infants, young children, pregnant and lactation women, and not adolescents. Therefore, this study tries to fill this gap and study the prevalence of anaemia and the associated factors among adolescent boys and girls residing in Lucknow India. Prevalence of anaemia was higher among adolescent girls than in boys. Lower education status, rural residence, late adolescence, no exposure to mass media, and stunting were the predictors of moderate severe anaemia among adolescents. Anaemia among adolescents must be addressed through effective public health policy targeting adolescents residing in rural areas. There is a need to disseminate information about anaemia related programs, such as National Iron Plus Initiative NIPI , through mass media, and subsequently, the public health system may be prepared to tailor the needs of adolescent boys and girls. Mrs. Sony Verma | Mrs. Monika Bhushan | Mr. Himanshu Kumar "A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programe (PTP) Interms of Knowledge Regarding Anaemia and its Prevalence among the Adolescent Girls in the Selected Schools at Lucknow" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97251.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/97251/a-study-to-assess-the-effectiveness-of-planned-teaching-programe-ptp-interms-of-knowledge-regarding-anaemia-and-its-prevalence-among-the-adolescent-girls-in-the-selected-schools-at-lucknow/mrs-sony-verma

Agricultural ethics is a branch of applied ethics that deals with moral issues and values associated with agricultural practices, food production, rural development, and environmental sustainability. Agricultural ethics combines ethical theory with agricultural science, economics, sociology, and ecology in finding solutions to some complex questions surrounding how food is grown, processed, and distributed. In this paper, we attempt to dive into the complexities around agricultural ethics and its benefits to humanity. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Agricultural Ethics" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97239.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97239/agricultural-ethics/paul-a-adekunte

The transportation sector significantly contributes to global greenhouse gas emissions. With increasing concerns over environmental sustainability and the depletion of fossil fuels, solar based hybrid electric vehicles HEVs present a viable solution. This paper discusses the architecture, design considerations, control strategies, and environmental impact of integrating solar photovoltaic systems with hybrid electric vehicle powertrains. A Particle Swarm Optimization PSO based energy management strategy is implemented in MATLAB Simulink to optimize power flow and reduce emissions. Results indicate substantial improvements in battery state of charge SOC maintenance and emission reductions compared to conventional strategies. Bushra Rehman | Muhammad Shahid "Solar-Based Hybrid Electric Vehicles for Low CO2 Emission" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97226.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/97226/solarbased-hybrid-electric-vehicles-for-low-co2-emission/bushra-rehman

Introduction Infants are unable to verbalize pain and that is why it might go unnoticed. In the past, It was believed that neonates did not feel pain or that a painful experience would be forgotten as rapidly it has occurred. The present study was conducted with aim to evaluate effectiveness of oral administration of 10 dextrose on level of pain during venipuncture in neonates. Methodology The present research was done using quantitative approach and quasi experimental research design The study was conducted among 20 neonates 10 experimental and control were selected by using non probability convenience sampling method. The samples were comprised of neonates who were admitted in NICU, MG Hospital, Bhilwara. for treatment as well as for observation. Results The findings revealed that 10 dextrose consistently demonstrates a significant effect on decline the pain level among the neonates analgesic effect for venipuncture and similar minor invasive procedures, direct evidence specifically for IV cannulation at this strength is often extrapolated from venipuncture studies. The efficacy of 10 dextrose for procedural pain is mixed, and 5 dextrose is generally not considered effective for analgesia. Conclusion While generally safe for oral administration, the review emphasizes the need for more specific research on dextroses role in IV cannulation pain, distinct from venipuncture, and consistent use of higher effective concentrations. Madhu Jeengar | Vijay Singh Rawat "Effectiveness of Oral Administration of 10% Dextrose on Level of Pain During Venipuncture in Neonates in Western India: A Pilot Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97254.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97254/effectiveness-of-oral-administration-of-10-dextrose-on-level-of-pain-during-venipuncture-in-neonates-in-western-india-a-pilot-study/madhu-jeengar

Cambodia is like other countries in the world which is affected by the digital revolution, in particular the demand for and supply of digital related job market. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of preferences for digital related jobs among the Cambodian workforce by examining key factors affecting their preferences and reasons behind it. Both quantitative and qualitative were employed in the research design. Data collection was done with 355 respondents on 26 digital related jobs using a 5 point Likert scale questionnaires. The respondents were students of Bachelor and Master from four faculties of the BELTEI International University, Cambodia Faculty of Law Faculty of Education, Arts, and Humanities Faculty of Information Technology and Faculty of Business Administration. Simple descriptive statistics percentages, frequencies, means and standard deviation and inferential statistics analysis independent t test and one way ANOVAs were employed in analyzing the quantitative data. Open coding and thematic analysis were used to analyze the qualitative data. Result of study were Quantitative, including 213 undergraduate 63.6 and 119 graduate 35.5 Doctoral Degree 2 0.6 and others 1 0.3 participants across four faculties Qualitative, Descriptive statistics and inferential tests independent samples t tests and one way ANOVAs were used to analyze differences by gender, academic level, major, and age. Results indicated that the most preferred digital jobs were Electro Technology Engineers M = 4.18, SD = 0.79 , Digital Marketing and Strategy Specialists M = 4.17, SD = 0.73 , and System Engineers M = 4.16, SD = 0.75 , while the least preferred were Fin Tech Engineers M = 3.81, SD = 0.77 and AI and Machine Learning Specialists M = 3.89, SD = 0.76 . In conclusion Statistically significant differences were found across demographic groups, especially by gender and academic major. IN Channdy | Dr. Prak Polla | CHAT Pound "Perception of Higher Education Students on Digital Jobs in Cambodia: Case Study of BELTEI International University" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97255.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/97255/perception-of-higher-education-students-on-digital-jobs-in-cambodia-case-study-of-beltei-international-university/in-channdy

Anaemia is a critical public health problem in India that affects women and children throughout the lifecycle. Anaemia in girls limits their development, learning ability, reduces concentration in daily tasks, increases their vulnerability to infection, increases school dropout rates, reduces physical fitness and work productivity. Adolescent period is signalized by marked physical activity and rapid growth spurt therefore, they need additional nutritional supplements and are at utmost risk of developing nutritional anaemia. This study was carried out to find out the prevalence of anaemia among adolescent girls. In adolescents, anaemia has been linked to affecting physical disorders, growth, and mental retardation and also increases reproductive morbidities among adolescent girls during their womanhood. Unfortunately, the anaemia intervention program, such as the National Nutrition Anaemia Prophylaxis Programme, primarily targets infants, young children, pregnant and lactation women, and not adolescents. Therefore, this study tries to fill this gap and study the prevalence of anaemia and the associated factors among adolescent boys and girls residing in Lucknow India. Prevalence of anaemia was higher among adolescent girls than in boys. Lower education status, rural residence, late adolescence, no exposure to mass media, and stunting were the predictors of moderate severe anaemia among adolescents. Anaemia among adolescents must be addressed through effective public health policy targeting adolescents residing in rural areas. There is a need to disseminate information about anaemia related programs, such as National Iron Plus Initiative NIPI , through mass media, and subsequently, the public health system may be prepared to tailor the needs of adolescent boys and girls. Mrs. Sony Verma | Mrs. Monika Bhushan | Mr. Himanshu Kumar "A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programe (PTP) Interms of Knowledge Regarding Anaemia and its Prevalence among the Adolescent Girls in the Selected Schools at Lucknow" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97251.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/97251/a-study-to-assess-the-effectiveness-of-planned-teaching-programe-ptp-interms-of-knowledge-regarding-anaemia-and-its-prevalence-among-the-adolescent-girls-in-the-selected-schools-at-lucknow/mrs-sony-verma

With the rise of digital currency in recent years, its underlying technology, blockchain, has become increasingly popular. Blockchain is a decentralized digital ledger that securely stores records across a network of computers in a way that is transparent, immutable, and resistant to tampering. Blockchain is one of the most disruptive technologies since the Internet was invented. As a disruptive technology, blockchain has become a strategic priority for many businesses. The trust issues with the existing technologies inspired practitioners and governments to focus on alternative options such as blockchain. In this paper, we will go over how blockchain works, what benefits it provides, and some of its potential applications. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "An Overview of Blockchain" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97256.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97256/an-overview-of-blockchain/matthew-n-o-sadiku

With the rise of digital currency in recent years, its underlying technology, blockchain, has become increasingly popular. Blockchain is a decentralized digital ledger that securely stores records across a network of computers in a way that is transparent, immutable, and resistant to tampering. Blockchain is one of the most disruptive technologies since the Internet was invented. As a disruptive technology, blockchain has become a strategic priority for many businesses. The trust issues with the existing technologies inspired practitioners and governments to focus on alternative options such as blockchain. In this paper, we will go over how blockchain works, what benefits it provides, and some of its potential applications. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "An Overview of Blockchain" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97256.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97256/an-overview-of-blockchain/matthew-n-o-sadiku

The rapid industrialization in Kota, Rajasthan, while contributing significantly to economic development, has also led to environmental degradation, particularly through the discharge of industrial effluents. This study explores the impact of industrial effluents on agricultural productivity in the peripheral areas of Kota. Industrial units in the region, especially those in the chemical, textile, and thermal power sectors, release untreated or partially treated waste into nearby water bodies and soil systems. These effluents contain heavy metals, toxic chemicals, and organic pollutants that adversely affect soil health, water quality, and crop yield.The research adopts a field based qualitative approach, including interviews with local farmers, environmental observations, and review of secondary data from pollution control boards and agricultural departments. Findings indicate that areas located near effluent discharge points exhibit declining soil fertility, stunted crop growth, and reduced yields over the past decade. Farmers have also reported increased costs for fertilizers and soil treatments to counteract the effects of pollution.The study underscores the urgent need for strict enforcement of environmental regulations, establishment of functional effluent treatment plants ETPs , and farmer awareness programs about safe agricultural practices. The paper also suggests promoting organic farming and wastewater management as sustainable alternatives. The findings are expected to provide policy makers, environmentalists, and agricultural planners with actionable insights for mitigating pollution and preserving agricultural viability in industrial zones like Kota. Tanisha Purohit | Dr. Mohammed Hanif Khan "Impact of Industrial Effluents on Agricultural Productivity in Surrounding Areas of Kota" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97257.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/geography/97257/impact-of-industrial-effluents-on-agricultural-productivity-in-surrounding-areas-of-kota/tanisha-purohit

Introduction Infants are unable to verbalize pain and that is why it might go unnoticed. In the past, It was believed that neonates did not feel pain or that a painful experience would be forgotten as rapidly it has occurred. The present study was conducted with aim to evaluate effectiveness of oral administration of 10 dextrose on level of pain during venipuncture in neonates. Methodology The present research was done using quantitative approach and quasi experimental research design The study was conducted among 20 neonates 10 experimental and control were selected by using non probability convenience sampling method. The samples were comprised of neonates who were admitted in NICU, MG Hospital, Bhilwara. for treatment as well as for observation. Results The findings revealed that 10 dextrose consistently demonstrates a significant effect on decline the pain level among the neonates analgesic effect for venipuncture and similar minor invasive procedures, direct evidence specifically for IV cannulation at this strength is often extrapolated from venipuncture studies. The efficacy of 10 dextrose for procedural pain is mixed, and 5 dextrose is generally not considered effective for analgesia. Conclusion While generally safe for oral administration, the review emphasizes the need for more specific research on dextroses role in IV cannulation pain, distinct from venipuncture, and consistent use of higher effective concentrations. Madhu Jeengar | Vijay Singh Rawat "Effectiveness of Oral Administration of 10% Dextrose on Level of Pain During Venipuncture in Neonates in Western India: A Pilot Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97254.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97254/effectiveness-of-oral-administration-of-10-dextrose-on-level-of-pain-during-venipuncture-in-neonates-in-western-india-a-pilot-study/madhu-jeengar

With the rapid growth of the platform economy, the scale of the catering takeaway industry has continued to expand. As an important Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97392.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/law-and-management/97392/an-empirical-study-on-the-protection-of-takeaway-riders-rights-and-interests-from-the-perspective-of-platform-economy/rao-xinran

Cambodia is like other countries in the world which is affected by the digital revolution, in particular the demand for and supply of digital related job market. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of preferences for digital related jobs among the Cambodian workforce by examining key factors affecting their preferences and reasons behind it. Both quantitative and qualitative were employed in the research design. Data collection was done with 355 respondents on 26 digital related jobs using a 5 point Likert scale questionnaires. The respondents were students of Bachelor and Master from four faculties of the BELTEI International University, Cambodia Faculty of Law Faculty of Education, Arts, and Humanities Faculty of Information Technology and Faculty of Business Administration. Simple descriptive statistics percentages, frequencies, means and standard deviation and inferential statistics analysis independent t test and one way ANOVAs were employed in analyzing the quantitative data. Open coding and thematic analysis were used to analyze the qualitative data. Result of study were Quantitative, including 213 undergraduate 63.6 and 119 graduate 35.5 Doctoral Degree 2 0.6 and others 1 0.3 participants across four faculties Qualitative, Descriptive statistics and inferential tests independent samples t tests and one way ANOVAs were used to analyze differences by gender, academic level, major, and age. Results indicated that the most preferred digital jobs were Electro Technology Engineers M = 4.18, SD = 0.79 , Digital Marketing and Strategy Specialists M = 4.17, SD = 0.73 , and System Engineers M = 4.16, SD = 0.75 , while the least preferred were Fin Tech Engineers M = 3.81, SD = 0.77 and AI and Machine Learning Specialists M = 3.89, SD = 0.76 . In conclusion Statistically significant differences were found across demographic groups, especially by gender and academic major. IN Channdy | Dr. Prak Polla | CHAT Pound "Perception of Higher Education Students on Digital Jobs in Cambodia: Case Study of BELTEI International University" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97255.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/97255/perception-of-higher-education-students-on-digital-jobs-in-cambodia-case-study-of-beltei-international-university/in-channdy

This study presents a comprehensive comparison between two lead free perovskite materials, CsSnBr3 and FASnI3, as absorber layers in heterojunction perovskite solar cells. With increasing concerns over the environmental toxicity of lead based perovskites, tin based alternatives have garnered attention for their potential to deliver high efficiency while maintaining environmental safety. Using SCAPS 1D simulation, devices were modeled with identical layer structures to evaluate and contrast the optoelectronic performance of CsSnBr3 and FASnI3 under standard solar illumination. The analysis focused on key photovoltaic parameters such as open circuit voltage Voc , short circuit current density Jsc , fill factor FF , quantum efficiency, carrier mobility, defect density, and lifetime. Results revealed that FASnI3 outperformed CsSnBr3 across multiple metrics, achieving higher Jsc, broader spectral response, lower recombination losses, and longer carrier lifetimes due to its favorable bandgap and superior defect tolerance. Although CsSnBr3 offers better thermal stability due to its inorganic nature, its performance is limited by higher defect density and reduced near infrared absorption. These findings suggest that FASnI3 is a more promising candidate for high efficiency, lead free perovskite solar cells, with potential for further enhancement through material optimization and device engineering. Mariya Jahan | Umakant Prasad "Comparative Study of CsSnBr3 and FASnI3 as Absorber Layers in Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97258.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/physics/other/97258/comparative-study-of-cssnbr3-and-fasni3-as-absorber-layers-in-heterojunction-perovskite-solar-cells/mariya-jahan

The rapid industrialization in Kota, Rajasthan, while contributing significantly to economic development, has also led to environmental degradation, particularly through the discharge of industrial effluents. This study explores the impact of industrial effluents on agricultural productivity in the peripheral areas of Kota. Industrial units in the region, especially those in the chemical, textile, and thermal power sectors, release untreated or partially treated waste into nearby water bodies and soil systems. These effluents contain heavy metals, toxic chemicals, and organic pollutants that adversely affect soil health, water quality, and crop yield.The research adopts a field based qualitative approach, including interviews with local farmers, environmental observations, and review of secondary data from pollution control boards and agricultural departments. Findings indicate that areas located near effluent discharge points exhibit declining soil fertility, stunted crop growth, and reduced yields over the past decade. Farmers have also reported increased costs for fertilizers and soil treatments to counteract the effects of pollution.The study underscores the urgent need for strict enforcement of environmental regulations, establishment of functional effluent treatment plants ETPs , and farmer awareness programs about safe agricultural practices. The paper also suggests promoting organic farming and wastewater management as sustainable alternatives. The findings are expected to provide policy makers, environmentalists, and agricultural planners with actionable insights for mitigating pollution and preserving agricultural viability in industrial zones like Kota. Tanisha Purohit | Dr. Mohammed Hanif Khan "Impact of Industrial Effluents on Agricultural Productivity in Surrounding Areas of Kota" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97257.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/geography/97257/impact-of-industrial-effluents-on-agricultural-productivity-in-surrounding-areas-of-kota/tanisha-purohit

Groundwater is a vital resource for human consumption and agriculture. However, its quality can be impacted by various factors, including natural processes by the different geogenic factors and anthropogenic factors. This study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of groundwater quality in the study area to assess its suitability for different uses. The analysis will involve collecting groundwater samples from various locations and analyzing them for key chemical parameters like pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, major ions, and trace elements. The results will be compared with relevant standards to determine the suitability of the groundwater for drinking, irrigation, and other purposes. The study will also investigate the potential sources of contamination and identify areas of concern for groundwater quality management. This study contributes local government officials and legislators in implementing groundwater quality precaution. Mr. Priyank H. Patel | Mr. Kamleshkumar M. Rana | Mr. Ajay B. Patel | Mr. Nirav P. Desai "Review on Assessment of the Groundwater Quality Using the Groundwater Quality Index & Field Investigation Using Geo-Informatics Approach" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97241.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/97241/review-on-assessment-of-the-groundwater-quality-using-the-groundwater-quality-index-and-field-investigation-using-geoinformatics-approach/mr-priyank-h-patel

This study examines the impact of teacher professional development PD on educational leadership and teacher performance in high schools in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Recognizing the importance of educational improvements in addressing persistent challenges within Cambodia’s education system, this research explores existing PD practices , identifies effective strategies, and assesses their influence on teaching effectiveness and student outcomes. Employing a mixed methods approach, quantitative data from a survey of 200 high school teachers, students and school leaders 72 male , diverse in sex, nationality, qualifications, teaching experience, and specialization, alongside qualitative insights from interviews and group of 28 students and 7 School directors and 7 Deputy school Director discussions from both public and private institutions. The survey sample was determined using Yamane’s Formula 1976 to ensure statistical representativeness. Findings indicate that 65 of participants view educational leadership as vital to the success of PD programs. In comparison, 80 highlight clear goals, relational support, and an inclusive environment as key elements of effective PD . Nonetheless, challenges such as limited student engagement 47 , resource constraints 38 , and implementation difficulties 56 were reported. The study concludes that robust educational leadership and well structured PD initiatives significantly enhance teacher performance and student outcomes. Accordingly, continuous support and tailored PD programs are recommended to address teachers’ needs better and advance classroom practices. SAN Soeurn | Dr. Paradise ROS | Simon Jonh Crunden "The Effectiveness of Educational Leadership on Teacher Performance in High Schools in Phnom Penh, Cambodia" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97270.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/97270/the-effectiveness-of-educational-leadership-on-teacher-performance-in-high-schools-in-phnom-penh-cambodia/san-soeurn

This research proposes a robust two stage optimization framework for the efficient design and tuning of Fuzzy Logic Controllers FLCs applied to nonlinear control systems. Conventional FLCs often rely on trial and error tuning or single optimization methods, which may result in suboptimal performance, slow convergence, or entrapment in local optima. To address these limitations, the proposed methodology systematically integrates a global optimization stage with a local refinement stage, thereby leveraging the complementary strengths of exploration and exploitation. In the first stage, a Genetic Algorithm GA is employed to perform global search over high dimensional decision variables, including membership function parameters, scaling factors, and rule weights. The GA ensures population diversity and robustness against nonlinearities while minimizing performance indices such as integral of squared error, rise time, settling time, and overshoot. The best candidate solution obtained is then passed to the second stage, where Pattern Search PS , a derivative free local optimization technique, refines the solution to achieve higher accuracy. The hybrid framework is implemented in MATLAB and validated on a DC motor speed control problem. Results demonstrate that the proposed two stage optimization yields faster response, reduced overshoot, and lower steady state error compared to single method approaches, ensuring superior robustness and efficiency in fuzzy controller design. Asma Shibli | Dr. Mohd Ilyas | Prof. Anwar Shahzad Siddiqui "A Robust Two-Stage Optimization Framework for Efficient Tuning of Fuzzy Logic Controllers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97410.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/97410/a-robust-twostage-optimization-framework-for-efficient-tuning-of-fuzzy-logic-controllers/asma-shibli

The way the mind functions is strongly and intricately influenced by emotions. This study helps with understanding how to optimize learning, performance, and innovation in creativity. The need to understand processes that are not obvious to people who are not really engaged in creativity makes it innovative. This article reviews the topic of positive and negative emotions and describes how humans can influence the creative process. Tanvir Ahmed Mondal "Emotions Impact Creativity" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97271.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97271/emotions-impact-creativity/tanvir-ahmed-mondal

Concrete is a very common building material, but when excessive cement is used, there are high CO2 emissions and degradation of the environment. This research examines the impact of Ground Granulated Induction Furnace Slag GGIFS as an incomplete cement standby to produce eco friendly and high performance concrete. Six mixtures were designed by 0 , 10 , 20 , 30 , 40 , and 50 GGIFS using Okamura Ouchi SSC method with a fixed water binder ratio of 0.36 and 2 super plasticizer. Compression split tensile strength, flexural strength, and surface hardness tests were performed at 7, 14, and 28 days. Results indicated that a 20 GGIFS replacement M2 resulted in maximum performance, with a compressive strength of 52.5 MPa, 3.85 MPa split tensile strength, 7.60 MPa flexural strength, and rebound hammer value of 44 at 28 days. But for replacement more than 30 , there was a decrease in strength because of less cementitious material. The research concludes that the most suitable substitution level is 20 GGIFS, providing enhanced strength, toughness, and environmental sustainability, and thus proving to be a good substitute for contemporary concrete manufacture. Ravi Kumar | Er. Janardan Tiwari "Effect on Properties of Concrete by Replacement of GGIFS (Ground Granulated Induction Furnace Slag)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97420.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/97420/effect-on-properties-of-concrete-by-replacement-of-ggifs-ground-granulated-induction-furnace-slag/ravi-kumar

With the introduction of Chinas policy requirements such as the reform of the institutional mechanism for ecological civilization construction, the dual carbon strategic goals, and the compilation of the environmental code, synergetic governance of pollution reduction and carbon emission reduction has become a key issue in the field of national ecological civilization. At present, Chinas synergetic governance of pollution reduction and carbon emission reduction has shortcomings such as the lack of special legislation on climate change response, the failure to include greenhouse gas emissions such as carbon dioxide in the adjustment objects, and the persistence of reductionist legal thinking. It is necessary to further formulate special legislation on climate change response, clarify the legal positioning of greenhouse gases, and implement the holistic legal concept by taking the opportunity of compiling the environmental code, so as to ensure the synergetic efficiency of pollution reduction and carbon emission reduction through legal paths. Guo Zimo "Legal Paths for Synergetic Governance of Pollution Reduction and Carbon Emission Reduction" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97252.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/environmental-science/97252/legal-paths-for-synergetic-governance-of-pollution-reduction-and-carbon-emission-reduction/guo-zimo

The article studies the lexical and dialectal features of terms of dishes in the language of Karakalpak folk tongue twisters, their types, characteristic features, their connection with the customs and traditions of the Karakalpak people, their use in figurative meanings and stylistic functions, their use in the language of phraseology and tongue twisters. Allamuratova Dinara Khairatdinovna "The Use of Terms of Dishes in the Language of Karakalpak Folk Tongue-Twisters" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97400.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/other/97400/the-use-of-terms-of-dishes-in-the-language-of-karakalpak-folk-tonguetwisters/allamuratova-dinara-khairatdinovna

The rapid development of science and technology has spawned the rapid rise of e commerce and platform economies, and the new form of labor groups represented by food delivery riders has gradually grown. The determination of the labor relationship between food delivery riders and food delivery platforms is facing difficulties, including the lack of legal regulation, the rigidity of traditional identification standards, and the difficulty in balancing the agreement of the parties and the actual performance of the contract. It is necessary to fully consider the actual impact of algorithms on the work of food delivery riders through innovative concepts and countermeasures, and use a new subordination identification standard with economic subordination as the core. From the aspects of clarifying legal provisions, updating judgment standards, and determining the space for agreement on the basis of facts first, it provides a more appropriate and unified standard for the identification of labor relations in new business formats, effectively protects the legitimate rights and interests of workers in new business formats, and promotes the sustainable and healthy development of the new business format economy. Guo Zimo "Determination of Labor Legal Relations of Food Delivery Riders in the Context of New Business Formats" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97253.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/97253/determination-of-labor-legal-relations-of-food-delivery-riders-in-the-context-of-new-business-formats/guo-zimo

This study examines the relationship between capital structure and financial performance at Cimerwa Plc for the period 2019 to 2023. The problem addressed in this research is the lack of comprehensive understanding regarding how capital structure decisions, particularly the mix of debt and equity, affect the financial performance of manufacturing firms in Rwanda. This gap in knowledge is particularly critical for Cimerwa Plc, a leading cement manufacturer, which relies on optimal capital structure for its financial stability and growth. The primary objectives of the study were to analyze Cimerwa’s capital structure, assess its financial performance over the period under study, and determine the nature of the relationship between capital structure and financial performance. This study is grounded in three key theories the Trade Off Theory, which suggests that companies balance the benefits of debt such as tax shields against the potential costs of financial distress the Pecking Order Theory, which posits that firms prefer internal financing over external financing sources and the Agency Theory, which addresses conflicts of interest between managers and shareholders that can lead to suboptimal capital structure decisions. These theories provided the framework for understanding how capital structure affects financial performance, particularly in the context of manufacturing firms in Rwanda. The study adopted a quantitative research design, using a sample size of 40 observations from the company’s annual reports and interviews with industry experts. Data collection methods included documentary analysis of financial records and expert interviews to capture both secondary data and qualitative insights. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to test the relationship between capital structure variables debt ratio, equity ratio, and financial leverage and financial performance indicators such as Return on Assets ROA , Return on Equity ROE , and Earnings Per Share EPS . The findings of the study indicated a significant positive relationship between capital structure and financial performance. The regression model showed an R value of 0.791, indicating a strong positive correlation between the independent variables and Cimerwas overall financial performance. The R Square value of 0.625 suggests that approximately 62.5 of the variance in Cimerwas financial performance can be explained by the capital structure variables included in the model. The Adjusted R Square value of 0.603, which adjusts for the number of predictors, indicates that the model still explains a good portion of the variation in the dependent variable, highlighting the relevance of these predictors. Furthermore, the F Change statistic of 178.171, with a Sig. F Change value of 0.000, confirms the statistical significance of the model, demonstrating that capital structure decisions have a significant impact on Cimerwas financial outcomes. Based on the findings, the study recommends that Cimerwa Plc adopt a more structured approach to its financing strategy, focusing on maintaining an optimal balance between debt and equity. This would minimize financial risks while maximizing returns. Additionally, continuous monitoring of financial performance, strategic debt management, and improved liquidity management are essential for sustaining long term growth and financial stability. Aimable Nyirimana | Prof. Isaie Kadhafi Misago "Exploring the Relationship between Capital Structure and Financial Performance in Rwanda Manufacturing Firms: Case of Cimerwa PLC (2019-2023)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97403.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97403/exploring-the-relationship-between-capital-structure-and-financial-performance-in-rwanda-manufacturing-firms-case-of-cimerwa-plc-20192023/aimable-nyirimana

This study examines the relationship between artificial intelligence AI and neuromarketing, emphasizing how cutting edge technologies like eye tracking, facial coding, and electroencephalography EEG go beyond conventional qualitative and quantitative approaches to better understand consumer behavior. Studies that specifically used AI in neuromarketing contexts were the focus of an analysis of articles published between 2023 and 2024 from the Scopus database using a systematic literature review SLR methodology informed by PRISMA 2020. Results show that in a variety of industries, such as e commerce, travel, luxury branding, political campaigns, and education, AI enhanced neuromarketing dramatically increases prediction accuracy, consumer engagement, and branding efficacy. The review does, however, also point out enduring issues, such as the lack of cross industry comparisons, inconsistent methodology, dependence on short term and small scale studies, and a lack of focus on ethical and cross cultural issues. Crucially, the findings show a conflict between cognitive and affective outcomes. For example, AI powered settings like the metaverse increase cognitive engagement but frequently result in increased mental strain and decreased emotional fulfillment. According to the studys findings, while AI powered neuromarketing holds great promise for transforming marketing management, its long term implementation necessitates standardized procedures, ongoing validation, and strong ethical protections. By focusing on how emotion and memory encoding, mediated by artificial intelligence and digital experiences, influence consumer behavior, this study helps close current gaps and provides theoretical and practical implications for future marketing tactics. Mr. Harry George | Ms. Neha Mahana "A Systematic Literature Review on AI in Neuromarketing" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97414.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/97414/a-systematic-literature-review-on-ai-in-neuromarketing/mr-harry-george

The aim of the present education system is not limited to cognitive aspects, but rather to the socio psychological development of the learner. The concept of life skills and self concept is related to the cognitive, affective, and psycho motor development of the child. The aim of this investigation is to study the differences in life skill awareness and self concept of adolescent women according to their social category. A causal comparative research design was adopted, administering a self concept and life skill awareness questionnaire to 120 adolescent women. Data analysis methods included descriptive statistics and one way ANOVA. Results indicate that life skill awareness and self concept of adolescent women differ significantly across their social category p .05 . Considering the empirical results, it is suggested that women from SC and ST classes need to be provided with parental and social support to enhance their life skills and ensure positive self judgment. The result of the research is significant to teachers and students, showing that positive self judgment and life skills contribute to their educational success. The study concludes that adolescents with a positive self concept are able to judge how well their beliefs align with their actions or behaviors. Education that prioritizes life skills will enhance young adolescents opportunities and chances in life if it is redesigned in line with the needs and demands of the 21st century. Ms. Jayashree Nayak | Dr. Khageswar Bhati | Prof. Gouranga Charan Nanda "Social Class Difference in Self-Concept and Life Skill Awareness of Adolescent Women" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97260.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/97260/social-class-difference-in-selfconcept-and-life-skill-awareness-of-adolescent-women/ms-jayashree-nayak

Smart people are self assured and at ease with their competencies and abilities. They comprehend the significance of honesty and adhere to their commitments. They do not prioritize perfection as their objective, given the understanding that it is unattainable and does not exist. They refuse to let other people’s ideas mold their reality, and they do not hold anyone to be infallible. Genuinely smart people rarely take into account how others will feel about the decisions they make. They pursue their interests without the fear of looking foolish or being judged by others. They are organized because they know how to take advantage of every moment. They always pay attention to details. This paper is a primer on smart people. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Smart People" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97413.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97413/smart-people/matthew-n-o-sadiku

For small and medium sized businesses SMEs , data analytics is an essential tool for enhancing competitiveness, operational effectiveness, and decision making. SMEs may use data to make well informed choices despite obstacles including few resources, smaller workforces, and financial limitations. Customer behavior analysis, supply chain optimization, marketing strategy improvement, and product offering enhancement are all possible with data analytics. However, SMEs often encounter obstacles such restricted access to high quality data, a shortage of qualified staff, the high expense of sophisticated analytics tools, ignorance about data driven decision making, and cultural reluctance to change. The external environment, organizational preparedness, and technological aspects all affect how SMEs use data analytics. Although hurdles have been removed by cloud based solutions, AI, and machine learning applications, they often encounter challenges when attempting to integrate these technologies with current business processes. With 63 reporting notable increases in operational efficiency and 50 reporting higher revenue, data analytics has a substantial influence on SME performance. Many SMEs, nonetheless, are still not making the most of data analytics across the board. Piyush Khare | Dr. Sagar Choudhary "Data Analytics Adoption in Small and Medium Enterprises: An Assessment" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97280.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/97280/data-analytics-adoption-in-small-and-medium-enterprises-an-assessment/piyush-khare

This paper presents a comprehensive study on anomaly driven security intelligence as a proactive approach to cyber threat mitigation, emphasizing the growing need for adaptive, intelligent systems capable of detecting emerging and unknown attacks in increasingly complex digital environments. Traditional signature based detection methods fall short in addressing modern threats such as zero day exploits and advanced persistent threats, prompting the integration of machine learning and deep learning techniques into cybersecurity frameworks. The research explores multiple anomaly detection models, including Isolation Forest, Autoencoders, LSTM networks, and an ensemble of Autoencoder LSTM, applied to benchmark datasets. Results reveal that the ensemble model outperforms others in precision, recall, F1 score, and AUC ROC, demonstrating its effectiveness in accurately identifying anomalies with reduced false positives. The study also discusses operational considerations, model interpretability, and limitations such as threshold tuning and adversarial robustness. By validating the utility of anomaly based models in real time detection systems, this paper supports the transition from reactive to proactive cybersecurity and sets the foundation for future work on explainable, resilient, and scalable threat detection frameworks. Shivaraj Yanamandram Kuppuraju | Vasudev Karthik Ravindran | Vineet Baniya "Anomaly-Driven Security Intelligence for Proactive Cyber Threat Mitigation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97237.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/97237/anomalydriven-security-intelligence-for-proactive-cyber-threat-mitigation/shivaraj-yanamandram-kuppuraju

Law enforcement agencies have been keeping up with technology for a while now. One tool that is becoming increasingly popular in law enforcement is robotics. The intersection of robotics with law enforcement is revolutionizing policing as we know it. Law enforcement agencies are embracing robotics to bolster their crime fighting efforts, enhance search and rescue operations, and improve overall public safety. Robots are an increasingly common crime fighting tool for police and other law enforcement personnel. In this paper, we will delve into the world of developments robotics for law enforcement. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Robotics in Law Enforcement" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97276.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97276/robotics-in-law-enforcement/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Smart ideas seem to be the answer to many contemporary challenges. The concept of “smart city” is gaining more and more attention from scholars all over the world. The concept presupposes the integration of different parts Smart Economy, Smart Environment, Smart People, Smart Living, Smart Mobility, and Smart Governance. A smart economy is an economic model focused on leveraging technology, innovation, and sustainability to enhance quality of life, productivity, and competitiveness. In today’s interconnected world, smart economy solutions can enable businesses to reach new markets and connect with customers from around the globe, leading to increased competitiveness and profitability. The goal of this paper is to determine the direct effects of smart economy on other smart components. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Smart Economy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97411.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97411/smart-economy/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Education plays a crucial role in shaping both individuals and societies, serving as a vital instrument for personal growth and social advancement. It is not only essential in Cambodia but across the globe, where the significant of education is fostering positive student behavior and school discipline. The study is chosen 30 participants, in three selected primary schools. This study has been conducted at primary schools, within Kandal province, Cambodia. The chosen participants are the directors, vice directors, librarians, teachers. In this research, I will select these participants to interview, three director, three vice director, three librarian, seven teachers in one school. The research was conducted through interviews in order to examine participants perception on school discipline and student behavior. Finding refer to thematic analyze show that the challenges that encountered are parents and teachers are poor collaboration to improve student behavior, and directors and teachers are strongly intervene students who are misbehavior and get mistake. To sum up, all the stakeholders should work as volunteering in an effort to improve student behavior and school discipline, and have regular meeting. Hai Sophan "The Challenges that Stakeholders Encounter in Improving Student Behavior and School Discipline in Primary Schools in Cambodia" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97412.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/97412/the-challenges-that-stakeholders-encounter-in-improving-student-behavior-and-school-discipline-in-primary-schools-in-cambodia/hai-sophan

Ayurveda, the traditional Indian system of medicine relies heavily on biodiversity, particularly medicinal plants, for its treatments. The system recognizes the importance of natural variation in living beings to understand human health and illness. However, the growing demand for Ayurvedic remedies is putting a strain on biodiversity, necessitating conservation efforts. Dasapushpam, meaning ten flowers refers to a group of ten sacred and medicinal plants traditionally used in Kerala, India, and is deeply connected to biodiversity. Even though they are termed as flowers, in reality it is the whole plant and the leaves that are medicinal. The flowers in most cases are small and inconspicuous. Many of these can also be used as pot herbs and added to batters or Dhals to make healthy and tasty dishes. This article explores the cultural and religious beliefs ,ethnomedical and pharmacological properties of dasapuspam, that leverages the power of 10 sacred herbs to promote holistic wellness and personalized medicine. Dasapuspam offers a unique perspective on health and wellness by emphasizing the importance of balancing physical, mental and spiritual well being.In this article an attempt is also made to describe that Antioxidative action of ‘Dasapuspam’ plays a major role in protection of human beings against oxidative damage caused by the highly reactive unpaired electrons referred as free radicals. Dr. Archana Rajeev | Dr. K Madhusudana Rao | Dr. Yamini Diwakar | Dr. T Leela Rani "The Future of Dasapuspam in Ayurveda" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97262.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/97262/the-future-of-dasapuspam-in-ayurveda/dr-archana-rajeev

Raising a child with an intellectual disability presents unique challenges that can significantly impact the emotional and psychological well being of parents. This study aims to examine the levels, causes, and coping mechanisms of parental stress among families of children with intellectual disabilities in Coimbatore District. Intellectual disabilities often require continuous care, specialized education, and therapeutic interventions, all of which can place a heavy burden on parents emotionally, financially, and socially. The present research adopts a descriptive design and uses both quantitative and qualitative methods to explore the lived experiences of parents. A structured questionnaire and in depth interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 100 parents both mothers and fathers whose children are diagnosed with varying degrees of intellectual disabilities and are receiving support from special schools or rehabilitation centers in Coimbatore District. The study found that stress levels were significantly higher among mothers compared to fathers, and factors such as the severity of the childs disability, lack of social support, financial strain, and societal stigma contributed to elevated stress. Furthermore, the study revealed that coping strategies varied, with some parents relying on spiritual practices, social support, or professional counseling, while others experienced emotional burnout due to lack of resources. The results revealed that 60 of the respondents exhibited a high level of parental stress in families of children with intellectual disabilities. Additionally, 28 demonstrated a moderate level of parental stress in families of children with intellectual disabilities, while the remaining 12 reflected a low level of parental stress in families of children with intellectual disabilities. Dr. P. Natarajan | S. K. Dharani "A Study on Parental Stress in Families of Children with Intellectual Disabilities in Coimbatore District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97279.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/97279/a-study-on-parental-stress-in-families-of-children-with-intellectual-disabilities-in-coimbatore-district/dr-p-natarajan

The Oraon, Munda, Kharia, Santhal, and Ho, among others, reside in Jharkhand. Each tribe has its own unique customs and diverse systems of knowledge. Schooling in the tribes was predominantly oral, done through stories, songs, and folklore. It encompasses useful skills such as agriculture, hunting, medicine, community leadership, spiritual practices, and a compassion for nature. Tribal elders were the primary educators as they shared knowledge accumulated from life experiences through storytelling. Through these indigenous systems of knowledge, mathematics was part of life and culture in holistic ways. Activities like farming, construction, trade, and craftwork already had an element of estimating, measuring, and counting. For instance, tribal societies used sticks, marbles, and other local materials for counting and basic arithmetic methods that were contextually relevant and easy for children to understand. Such mathematical practices were rooted in the community, focusing on true and relevant issues that would benefit the people. The tribal people of Jharkhand have taught and understood mathematics with culture in mind, which makes it relevant to their lives. For example, recent educational projects have aimed to convert mathematics textbooks into tribal languages such as Ho, Santhali, Mundari, Kudukh, and Kharia, using local contexts to enhance teaching efficacy for primary school learners. By employing traditional teaching tools and methods, tribal people protect lost forms of mathematical knowledge and ensure they are taught and learned. Knowledge in tribal societies is often acquired and taught communally, such that it is disseminated and enjoyed in groups, which strengthens social relations and cooperative solutions. The Objective of the study is to identify the role of the tribes of Jharkhand in understanding of mathematics. Data sources include the review of related literature. The study explores the ways in which traditional mathematics based on oral tradition, interactive engagement with nature, and group learning traditionally have determined mathematical ideas such as number, measurement, and spatial thinking. Through a reading of modern schooling programs, such as mother tongue math textbooks using indigenous illustrations sticks, marbles, and seeds and biliterate curricula. Mrs. Kalpana Priya | Bharat Yadav | Dr. Jyoti Verma "Indigenous Mathematical Knowledge and Oral Traditions in Jharkhand: An Explorative Study of Tribal Learning Practices" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97281.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/97281/indigenous-mathematical-knowledge-and-oral-traditions-in-jharkhand-an-explorative-study-of-tribal-learning-practices/mrs-kalpana-priya

This study explored the perceived efficacy of proposed education and legal reforms in mitigating corruption propensity among law students and practitioners in the Eastern Visayas Region. Utilizing a qualitative dominant mixed methods design, the research gathered perceptions from key stakeholders, including law students, faculty, practicing lawyers, judges, government officials, and NGO representatives. Data was collected through stakeholder perception surveys, semi structured interviews, and focus group discussions. The findings indicated that while a baseline moderate corruption propensity existed, economic factors and organizational culture were strong forces that could increase this propensity. The study evaluated the relevance and feasibility of reforms such as enhanced admission policies, revised anti corruption curricula, prioritized corruption cases, and strengthened whistleblower protection. The results provided actionable recommendations for implementing a proposed framework to foster integrity within the legal sector in Eastern Visayas. Atty. Emily C. Sison-Acompañado "Exploring the Efficacy of Proposed Education and Legal Reforms in Mitigating Corruption Propensity among Law Students and Practitioners in the Eastern Visayas Region" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97404.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97404/exploring-the-efficacy-of-proposed-education-and-legal-reforms-in-mitigating-corruption-propensity-among-law-students-and-practitioners-in-the-eastern-visayas-region/atty-emily-c-sisonacompañado

The creation and growth of the SDF party in 1990 in Cameroon was the efforts of both political activists at home and in the diasporas. A majority of these Cameroon diasporas went out either due to political repression and were seeking asylum in different parts of the world or for further education. This paper therefore argues that despite the 1968 Law on nationality which stipulated in section 31 that, “Cameroonian nationality is lost by any Cameroon adult national who willfully acquires or keep a foreign nationality”, these Cameroon diasporas still contributed to the emergence and growth of the SDF despite the challenges. Fombesoh Mbapeh Roland | Hyasinth Ami Nyoh "Cameroon Diasporas and the Evolution of the Social Democratic Front (S.D.F) Party: 1990-2018" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97264.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/97264/cameroon-diasporas-and-the-evolution-of-the-social-democratic-front-sdf-party-19902018/fombesoh-mbapeh-roland

All forms of plants are naturally endowed with one or the other ethnomedicinal properties. Medicinal plants are the focus of modern scientific research due to their therapeutic properties and minimal side effects compared to synthetic drugs. The identified medicinal plants are extracted for biochemical screening and engineered for medicinal uses. Cissus Quadrangularis is a known ethno medicinal plant rich in bioactive agents however, as biodiversity and landscape of different regions dictate the quality and quantum of their medicinal values attempt has been made to undertake a preliminary qualitative profiling of its secondary metabolites from the land of rising sun as the source. The fresh and young leaf and stem samples were collected and washed thoroughly with sterile double distilled water DDW . About twenty grams of sterilized leaf and stem samples were taken and cut into small pieces and were left for shade drying. Finely cut parts of leaves and stems were placed in a 500 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 50ml of sterile DDW. After that, the mixture was transferred to Soxhlet apparatus to derive extracts using different solvents water, acetone, chloroform and methanol. The ethnomedicinal plant extracts were tested for phytochemicals using standard protocol. In this study, the secondary metabolites such as phenol, alkaloids, tannins and flavonoids were present in the various extract of C. Quadrangularis. This will pave the way for further studies and formulation of an effective medicine. Chow Chantakong Namchoom | Pebam Munindro Singh "Phytochemical Detection in Mixture of Leaves and Stems of Cissus Quadrangularis from Eastern Part of Arunachal Pradesh" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97261.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/analytical-chemistry/97261/phytochemical-detection-in-mixture-of-leaves-and-stems-of-cissus-quadrangularis-from-eastern-part-of-arunachal-pradesh/chow-chantakong-namchoom

This paper investigates the stability of a class of uncertain interval continuous time dynamic systems. Combining linear algebra and time domain analysis, we derive a sufficient condition for a class of uncertain interval continuous time systems to achieve global exponential stability. We also derive the exponential convergence rate of such uncertain interval systems. Finally, a computer numerical simulation example is provided to illustrate and verify the correctness of the main theorem. Yeong-Jeu Sun | Wei-Chun Liao | Cheng-Fu Huang "A Sufficient Condition for the Global Exponential Stability of Uncertain Interval Continuous-Time Systems" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97362.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/97362/a-sufficient-condition-for-the-global-exponential-stability-of-uncertain-interval-continuoustime-systems/yeongjeu-sun

The integration of Artificial Intelligence AI in education has opened new avenues for personalized learning, especially for students with special needs. Learning experiences are customised through personalised learning to meet the requirements, interests, and learning styles of each individual learner. Such customisation can improve learning results and solve particular problems for kids with special needs. This study aims to understand how AI technologies impact personalized learning for these students by exploring the perspectives of key stakeholders involved in special education. The study investigates how teachers, students, and carers interact with AI enhanced learning resources using a qualitative methodology. According to the research, AI has the power to completely change the educational experience for kids with special needs by offering individualised instruction, immediate feedback, and behavioural and emotional support. On the other hand, difficulties including ethical issues, training, and accessibility are also mentioned. To maximise the incorporation of AI in special education, suggestions are given for educators, legislators, and developers. Ms. Manisha Jana "The Role of AI in Individualized Learning of Special Children: A Qualitative Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97278.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/97278/the-role-of-ai-in-individualized-learning-of-special-children-a-qualitative-study/ms-manisha-jana

The primary function of performance management is to profoundly stimulate employees intrinsic potential and work enthusiasm through scientifically precise goal setting, comprehensive fairness safeguards, and full cycle communication, ultimately achieving the co development of individual performance and organizational goals. This paper proposes a four dimensional promotion framework Goal Adaptation Fairness Cognition Dynamic Communication Data Incentives. Combined with empirical enterprise case studies, it clearly analyzes the specific effects of each dimension on performance improvement when employee capabilities and interests are highly matched with job requirements i.e., in the maximum contribution zone , performance levels can increase by 22 37 when a tripartite system of distributive, procedural, and interactional justice perception is formed, employee work engagement increases by 34.5 , thus providing managers with actionable practical paths. Xinyu Zhang "A Dual-Drive Mechanism of Performance Management Incentives: Integrating Goal Alignment and Fairness Perception" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97381.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/97381/a-dualdrive-mechanism-of-performance-management-incentives-integrating-goal-alignment-and-fairness-perception/xinyu-zhang

Cloud computing allows users to access and utilize computing resources over the Internet instead of relying on local hardware or on premises servers. These resources include servers, storage, databases, networking, and software. “The cloud” refers to servers that allow you to access software and databases on the Internet. Cloud technology has become an integral part of modern policing because it offers a widely accessible, reliable, safe and inexpensive solution for law enforcement departments. Cloud computing has recently become a popular concept in law enforcement with the widespread acceptance of body worn cameras. Many law enforcement agencies have turned to the cloud as a solution for their data needs and for delivering mission critical information to officers in the field. This paper examines the use of cloud computing in law enforcement. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Cloud Computing in Law Enforcement" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97298.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97298/cloud-computing-in-law-enforcement/matthew-n-o-sadiku

The term “artificial intelligence” is used to refer to the field of computer science dedicated to studying and creating technological systems that can imitate human abilities such as visual perception, decision making, and problem solving. In recent years, we have seen artificial intelligence AI technologies become embedded in society and our daily lives. AI has emerged as a powerful tool in various fields, including law enforcement. AI can empower law enforcement agencies to expand their efforts to protect public safety. In this paper, we will delve into the remarkable potential of AI in police investigations. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Artificial Intelligence in Law Enforcement" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97297.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97297/artificial-intelligence-in-law-enforcement/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Advanced Mathematics is a crucial foundational course, and the advancement of Artificial Intelligence technology has brought new vitality to its teaching reform. This article explores the application of Artificial Intelligence across various aspects of Advanced Mathematics courses, including resource pool construction, intelligent learning process support, and intelligent evaluation. To further realize this application, specific strategies and pathways are discussed, focusing on strengthening faculty development, enhancing resource construction, and fostering student self motivation. These measures aim to improve the quality and efficiency of Advanced Mathematics teaching. Xiaoyan Wang "Application of Artificial Intelligence in Higher Mathematics Course Teaching" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97353.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97353/application-of-artificial-intelligence-in-higher-mathematics-course-teaching/xiaoyan-wang

The income levels of graduates are vital as they indicate how well higher education prepares students for employment and their economic stability. Various initiatives have been introduced to boost graduates income, including enhanced curricula, collaborations with industries, and training in employability skills. However, these efforts have not always produced the expected results, as seen in the recent decline in graduates income levels. This study investigated the influence of employability skills on employee income levels in selected universities in South West Nigeria. The study utilized a survey research design, focusing on a population of 64,171 graduates from six selected universities in South West Nigeria. A sample size of 497 was determined using the Research Advisor’s sample size table, and simple random sampling was employed. Data collection was carried out using a structured and validated questionnaire, with Cronbachs alpha reliability coefficients for the constructs ranging from 0.73 to 0.84. The response rate was 93.2 . Data analysis included descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, specifically multiple linear and hierarchical regression, at a 5 significance level. The study found that employability skills have significant effect on employee income levels Adj.R2 = 0.163, F 5, 462 = 18.959, p = 0.000 in selected universities in South West Nigeria. The study concluded that employability skills influenced income of graduates in selected universities in South West Nigeria. Hence, it is recommended that universities in South West Nigeria implement comprehensive training programs that focus on enhancing employability skills to improve employee income levels of graduate. This could include integrating soft skills training such as communication, teamwork, and problem solving into academic programs to further prepare graduates for the workforce. Onu, C. A. | Omojola, O. I. | Magaji, N. "Employability Skills and Employee Income Level of Graduates in Selected Universities in South-West, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97376.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-economics/97376/employability-skills-and-employee-income-level-of-graduates-in-selected-universities-in-southwest-nigeria/onu-c-a

Breast cancer is a global health problem and also the leading cause of death in low resourced countries. It is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in India. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme STP on knowledge regarding breast cancer and its preventive aspects among women in a selected rural area of Indore. A total of 50 women participated, and data were collected using a self structured questionnaire before and after the intervention. Findings revealed a significant improvement in knowledge levels post intervention prior to the STP, 60 of participants demonstrated inadequate knowledge, while only 8 had adequate knowledge following the STP, 78 achieved adequate knowledge. The mean knowledge score increased from 9.4 SD = 3.96 to 16.86 SD = 2.158 , with a statistically significant t value of 10.528 p 0.05 . Demographic factors such as education and occupation showed a notable influence on knowledge gains. The study concludes that structured educational interventions are effective in enhancing awareness and preventive knowledge of breast cancer among rural women, emphasizing the importance of integrating such programs into community health services to promote early detection and reduce mortality. Mrs. Jenitha T "A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Breast Cancer and its Preventive Aspects among Woman at Selected Rural Area, Indore" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97375.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/97375/a-study-to-assess-the-effectiveness-of-structured-teaching-programme-on-knowledge-regarding-breast-cancer-and-its-preventive-aspects-among-woman-at-selected-rural-area-indore/mrs-jenitha-t

In todays digital landscape, brands are moving beyond visual engagement to craft immersive, multi sensory experiences. This paper explores how sound, touch, scent, and taste are being integrated into virtual and hybrid platforms through technologies like haptics, ambient audio, digital scent diffusion, and AR VR. By analysing successful brand case studies, the paper highlights how multi sensory marketing strengthens emotional connection, memory recall, and consumer loyalty. Grounded in consumer psychology and neuroscience, the study also addresses ethical and accessibility considerations. It concludes with a forward looking discussion on how sensory branding will evolve in the metaverse and Web 4.0, where digital and physical experiences will seamlessly converge. This paper offers valuable insights for marketers, designers, and experience architects seeking to humanize brand interactions in the digital age. Ankitha | Dr. Veena Santhosh Rai "Beyond Sight: Multi-Sensory Brand Experiences in the Digital Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97273.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing/97273/beyond-sight-multisensory-brand-experiences-in-the-digital-era/ankitha

Education is the cornerstone of national development, driver of economic growth, social cohesion, and innovation. The future of education in Nigeria will require significant transformations that would be driven by technological advancements, evolving societal needs, and innovative educational practices. Extensive research works have been carried out on education in Nigeria, which focused on different aspects of the system. Nigeria education system has for too long been faced with myriad of challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, teacher education and supervision, irrelevant curricula, corruption, and funding, among others. In this paper, we try to explore the benefits and challenges facing education in Nigeria and suggest the way forward. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "The Future of Education in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97395.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97395/the-future-of-education-in-nigeria/paul-a-adekunte

This study investigates the connection between the developing metaverse economy and digital transformation. Data from industry reports, case studies, and scholarly literature published between 2018 and 2025 were thematically examined using a qualitative descriptive methodology. Direct to avatar sales, tokenized asset ownership, experience based revenue, hybrid digital–physical models, and B2B collaboration hubs are the five main metaverse business models identified by the findings. The study identifies challenges like high investment costs, technological limitations, regulatory uncertainties, and privacy concerns, as well as opportunities like new revenue streams, brand differentiation, global reach, and personalized customer experiences. The findings imply that long term competitiveness in this dynamic field can be improved by incorporating metaverse projects into larger digital transformation plans, bolstered by collaborations and flexibility. Dr. Hamid Abdullah | Ms. Neha Mahana "Business Models in the Metaverse Era: Insights from Digital Transformation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97390.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/97390/business-models-in-the-metaverse-era-insights-from-digital-transformation/dr-hamid-abdullah

Technology is primarily changing how the government functions. Modern technology encompasses a large array of tools, systems, and innovations developed to enhance various aspects of human life. Emerging technologies are not just a trend they are a transformative force reshaping the public sector. These technologies are being leveraged to modernize government operations, improve cybersecurity, optimize workflows, and provide better public services. They are transforming the public sector, offering significant opportunities to improve efficiency, enhance services, and better serve citizens. They enable governments to tackle complex problems with greater speed and accuracy than ever before. They will play a pivotal role in shaping the future of governance, driving innovation, and improving public services for local communities nationwide. This paper discusses how emerging technologies are influencing government agencies. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Emerging Technologies for Government" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97388.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97388/emerging-technologies-for-government/matthew-n-o-sadiku

This paper explores how poverty functions as a form of psychological trauma among Nigerians living in the United Kingdom. Drawing on recent data, migrant testimonies, and sociological theory, it examines how trauma rooted in economic scarcity manifests in financial behaviors such as hoarding, hyper saving, and guilt induced spending patterns. These behaviors, often misunderstood as irrational or excessively cautious, are reframed as survival strategies shaped by a legacy of systemic insecurity, economic precarity, and intergenerational transmission of scarcity consciousness. Izuchukwu Precious Obani "Poverty as Common Denominator Trauma: Financial Behavior of Nigerians Living in the UK" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97299.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97299/poverty-as-common-denominator-trauma-financial-behavior-of-nigerians-living-in-the-uk/izuchukwu-precious-obani

Urbanization might be characterized as a cycle by which towns go in to towns and towns transform into urban areas. In the segment sense it is an expansion in the extent of the metropolitan populace to the complete populace, throughout some undefined time frame. Indias populace grew three overlay from million. During a similar period, the metropolitan populace became nearly as quick to another. In this way, the Independent India has been urbanizing extremely quick. The course of urbanization has been firmly connected with the cycle and example of financial improvement in the country. Albeit the course of urbanization in India couldnt be made sense of completely by the course of monetary turn of events, it is emphatically connected with the last option. The uncommon development in populace, joined by mechanical and financial development has improved urbanization. Urban communities are the central marks of chances. Subsequently there is generally a development of populace to urban communities. This presses existing offices of lodging and infrastructural offices other than prompting blockage. Subsequently, the circumstance in our urban communities has become unmanageable and more disturbing with the developing imbalances emerging out of logs in acclimation to fast and broad urbanization. Dr. Mukesh Kumar Lalji "An Approach to Urban Planning & Policies in India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97307.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97307/an-approach-to-urban-planning-and-policies-in-india/dr-mukesh-kumar-lalji

The growing reliance on digital solutions and interconnected systems on ships and in ports has expanded the attack surface for cybercriminals, making cybersecurity a top priority. Cyber threats to maritime are increasing rapidly. Cybersecurity is an increasingly important topic for the maritime and offshore industries due to rapid digital transformation. Maritime cybersecurity refers to the measures taken to protect ships, shipping infrastructure, and associated industries from cyber threats. It involves protecting vessels and port infrastructure from cyberattacks, ensuring safe and efficient operations, and safeguarding sensitive data. Maritime cybersecurity is of paramount importance for the movement of persons and goods that underpin the global economy, including food, medicine, and energy. It holds paramount significance both within the maritime industry and in the global economy at large. In this paper, we review the issues related to cybersecurity in the maritime environment. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Maritime Cybersecurity" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97308.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97308/maritime-cybersecurity/matthew-n-o-sadiku

The Internet of things IoT refers to the networking of physical object, or “things,” that independently talk to each other over the Internet and exchange information. These things can range from everyday household appliances to complex industrial machinery. The IoT simplifies and automates tasks that are complicated and sometimes beyond the scope of human capabilities. IoT has transformed the way people interact with the world around them. It has led to the development of smart homes, smart cities, and industries. Due to the advent of inexpensive computer chips and high bandwidth telecommunication, we now have billions of devices connected to the Internet. This means everyday devices like toothbrushes, vacuums, cars, and machines can use sensors to collect data and respond intelligently to users. This paper provides an overview of the Internet of things. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Internet of Things: An Overview" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97387.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97387/internet-of-things-an-overview/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Background Anaemia remains a major public health concern in India, particularly among adolescents. The Anemia Mukt Bharat AMB programme aims to reduce anaemia through weekly Iron and Folic Acid IFA supplementation, but lack of awareness and poor compliance often limit its effectiveness. Nurse led education has been shown to improve adolescent health behaviours. Methods A pre experimental one group pre test post test design was adopted. Sixty adolescent girls from government senior secondary schools in Dehradun were selected using convenience sampling. A structured knowledge questionnaire 30 items was administered before and after a nurse led education programme. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including paired t test and chi square, were used for analysis. Results Pre test scores revealed that 50 of participants had poor knowledge, 36.7 average, and only 13.3 good knowledge. After the intervention, 68.3 achieved average and 31.7 good knowledge, with none remaining in the poor category. A significant improvement was observed between pre test and post test scores t = 3.240, p 0.05 . No significant association was found between demographic variables and knowledge levels. Conclusion The nurse led education programme significantly enhanced knowledge regarding IFA tablets among adolescent girls. Integrating structured nurse led interventions within school health initiatives could strengthen AMB programme outcomes and reduce adolescent anaemia prevalence. Smriti Bagri | Iris George "A Pre-Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Nurse Led Education Programme on the Level of Knowledge Regarding Iron and Folic Acid (IFA)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97374.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/97374/a-preexperimental-study-to-assess-the-effectiveness-of-nurse-led-education-programme-on-the-level-of-knowledge-regarding-iron-and-folic-acid-ifa/smriti-bagri

In the construction of educational facilities, thermal comfort is crucial, particularly in hot, arid climates. It has a significant effect on both energy usage and building interior temperature. The main goal of the current study is to evaluate the level of indoor thermal comfort and energy usage in a public elementary school in Egypt. A field research was undertaken in a school building that was created based on natural ventilation and air movement using ceiling fans to analyze the indoor thermal conditions based on the adaptable standard comfort model in order to achieve this purpose. Electrical utility invoices have also been gathered. Then, using Design Builder software, a dynamic building energy simulation model was created for thermal comfort. Dr. Mukesh Kumar Lalji "Analysis of Energy Consumption Pattern & Thermal Comfort in Modern Scenario" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97309.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97309/analysis-of-energy-consumption-pattern-and-thermal-comfort-in-modern-scenario/dr-mukesh-kumar-lalji

A member of the Sapotaceae family, Madhuca longifolia mahua is also referred to as the honey tree and butter nut tree. Growing throughout the subtropical regions of India Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97380.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97380/an-overview-of-madhuca-longifolias-biological-characteristics-and-phytochemicals/mr-shubham-kumar

Smart technology refers to the integration of computing and telecommunication technology into other technologies that did not previously have such capabilities. Smart technologies are systems, tools, or instruments which are capable of thinking, learning, and adapting to the situation. They are designed to collect and process data through the integration of sensors, software, and Internet connectivity, leading to more informed decision making processes. The most common area where a person comes in touch with smart technology is in the home or through wearables. Today, it seems that everyone has a smartwatch and smartphone, and lives in a smart home that is in a smart city. Businesses in many industries – manufacturing, real estate, mobility, agriculture, retail, service, and other sectors – are using smart devices for a wide variety of objectives and tasks such as tracking and managing inventory. From smartphones to smart homes, smart technology is essential in today’s fast paced lifestyle. This paper explores the various ways smart technology improves efficiency, enhances comfort, and connects the world. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Smart Technologies: An Overview" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97310.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97310/smart-technologies-an-overview/matthew-n-o-sadiku

The vast global wind energy resource, which is greater than all of the worlds power consumption, and the relatively low penetration of current wind energy technologies as a means of electricity generation globally, remain incompatible, despite common descriptions of modern wind energy technology as mature. A method for capturing wind energy that close this gap by strategically placing wind turbines in areas that more closely resemble the actual resource. In order to do this, technology research is concentrated on creating vast arrays of small wind turbines that can gather wind energy at low altitudes utilizing novel engineering principles derived from biology. As a result of this strategy, wind energy may be used in much more places because smaller wind turbines can be placed. Dr. Mukesh Kumar Lalji "Significant Approach, Opportunities and Challenges of the Wind Power as Renewable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97311.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97311/significant-approach-opportunities-and-challenges-of-the-wind-power-as-renewable-energy/dr-mukesh-kumar-lalji

The Netra eyeball is one of the most important sense organs. Despite significant advancements in modern ophthalmology, certain limitations still persist. While modern medicine effectively manages most inflammatory eye conditions, it often falls short in treating neurological and degenerative eye disorders, which remain resistant even to advanced, next generation procedures. In India alone, thousands of individuals suffer from such conditions. Although modern medical science has made remarkable progress in recent years, the role of Ayurvedic treatments in managing eye diseases cannot be overlooked. Ayurveda, the ancient system of medicine, offers valuable guidelines not only for treatment but also for prevention. There is an urgent need to develop ocular therapies that are both effective and free from adverse effects. One such therapy is Tarpana Karma, a localized ocular treatment that, when applied appropriately, has shown promising objective results. This article presents a review of Netra Tarpana. Shalini N. S | Syed Munawar Pasha "Tarpana Kriyakalpa - Review Article" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97386.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/97386/tarpana-kriyakalpa--review-article/shalini-n-s

Internet of things IoT refers to the network of interconnected physical devices, vehicles, buildings, and other objects embedded with sensors, software, and network connectivity, enabling them to collect and exchange data. The use of IoT technology is rapidly transforming various industries, and law enforcement is no exception. IoT is revolutionizing law enforcement by providing real time data, enhancing situational awareness, and improving response times. It is providing new tools and capabilities that can enhance surveillance, improve communication, and enable data driven decision making. In this paper, we will explore the basics of IoT and its integration into law enforcement. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Internet of Things in Law Enforcement" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97312.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97312/internet-of-things-in-law-enforcement/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Data is transformed into information helping us to understand buying trends, social behaviors, and various predictive analytics. Big data blends together the collection of large volumes of high velocity, heterogeneous, evolving domain data and the use of advanced techniques and models to store, retrieve, manage, process, and analyze the captured information. Big data analytics has changed many sectors, including transportation. This technology helps us understand and predict transportation systems. It makes managing transportation data easier. In transportation, big data is able to exploit information and solve transportation problems at unprecedented scales. In this paper, we focus on the applications of big data and big data analytics in the transportation industry. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Big Data in Transportation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97385.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97385/big-data-in-transportation/matthew-n-o-sadiku

This paper seeks to explore gender as a socio cultural construct through the lens of feminism. There are evidences in the society around us that confirm certain fixed expectations, bi laws and roles that determine the gender construct. While culture should bear the weight of schooling people in the right way forward it is found and exposed to have garnered inquality since time immemorial through various discourses of religion, family, education and traditions. The process of socialisation of a child at birth till its conscience shapes, involves the shrewd inculcation of patterns that ensure gender appropriation. Such patterns affect life choices for women and influence a surppressed world view for them. A peep into the foundational structure and framework of society suggests an imbalance of power and creates a binary divide between the sexes. This study focuses on surfacing these inequalities, tracing their roots to culture and finding a path of freedom. Dr. Diptimayee Behera "Gender, Culture, Freedom and Woman" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97318.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/odia/97318/gender-culture-freedom-and-woman/dr-diptimayee-behera

In recent years, digital transformation has emerged as a breakthrough for development across multiple sectors. Culture serves as the foundation of national progress, and the thriving cultural industry directly reflects the Chinese peoples recognition of excellent cultural heritage. This project will focus on addressing challenges in the digital transformation of the cultural industry, establishing legal foundations to drive deeper and broader digital evolution. Currently, major platforms face issues such as unclear rights and responsibilities, illegal data theft, and backend control compromising data security, which have led to a surge in illegal activities. Therefore, we will take these phenomena as our starting point and entry point, conducting in depth research into existing problems in the digital transformation of the cultural industry. We aim to propose relevant management measures and innovative solutions, aligning with practical legal frameworks based on survey findings, thereby offering recommendations for improving legal safeguards. Wang Rui | Li Yu | Gong Xiao Chai | Hou Yi | Sabira Mamatali "Research on Legal Safeguard Mechanism of Communication in Digital Transformation of Cultural Industry" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97266.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/other/97266/research-on-legal-safeguard-mechanism-of-communication-in-digital-transformation-of-cultural-industry/wang-rui

This paper focuses on enhancing the performance and stability of high voltage AC transmission systems by implementing a Static Var Compensator SVC . In modern power networks, voltage instability and reactive power imbalance are critical challenges, especially under dynamic loading conditions and long distance power transfer. The SVC, as a part of Flexible AC Transmission Systems FACTS , provides dynamic reactive power compensation, which helps maintain voltage profiles, reduce transmission losses, and increase power transfer capability. In this study, a high voltage transmission system is modeled and analyzed using MATLAB Simulink to observe the impact of SVC. Simulation results demonstrate significant improvements in voltage regulation, power losses, and transmission line capacity when the SVC is applied. This research validates the effectiveness of SVC in optimizing system performance and ensuring reliable power delivery in high voltage networks. May Nwe Yee Tun | Soe Soe Ei Aung "Modeling and Analysis for the Enhancement of High Voltage AC Transmission System Using Static Var Compensator" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97352.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/97352/modeling-and-analysis-for-the-enhancement-of-high-voltage-ac-transmission-system-using-static-var-compensator/may-nwe-yee-tun

In recent years there is a notable rise in skin disorders which are attributed to various factors including poverty, inadequate sanitation, illiteracy, malnutrition and improper skin care practices. All the skin diseases in Ayurveda are considered under the broad heading of Kushta and they are of 2 types, Namely Maha Kushta and Kshudra Kushta. Dadru Kushta is one among the Kshudra Kushta and it is mainly of Kapha Pitta Pradhana Twak Vikara. It is characterised by Kandu, Raga, Daha, Pidaka, Utsanna Mandala. Based on the similar clinical features Dadru Kushta can be closely compared with Tinea Corporis which considered under the superficial fungal infection of the skin. Case The present study was conducted on a 43 year old male patient came with complaints of elevated circular lesions just below the umbilicus and lateral side of right thigh region with severe itching, burning sensation and reddish discoloration since 1 ½ year. Materials and methods He was treated with Navakashaya Ghana Vati internally and Prapunnatadi Lepa externally for 30 days. After completion of treatment, significant improvement was observed in parameters like Kandu, Raga, Daha, Pidaka, Utsanna Mandala during the followup period of 40 days. The drug effect suggested a sustained impact on the Dadru Kushta. Results Both Navakashaya Ghana Vati and Prapunnatadi Lepa having Kushtaghna, Kandughna, Krimighna properties helps in the elimination of aggravated Doshas. Thus breaks the Samprapti of Vyadhi. Conclusion The patient in this case study experienced relief in the symptoms and obtained better results. So, in this article we are going to discuss a case study of Dadru Kushta successfully treated with Shamana line of treatment. Dr. Shashikala H. Antartani | Dr. Sunilkumar M. Chabanur "Clinical Evaluation of Shamana Chikitsa in the Management of Tinea Corporis: An Ayurvedic Case Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97383.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/97383/clinical-evaluation-of-shamana-chikitsa-in-the-management-of-tinea-corporis-an-ayurvedic-case-study/dr-shashikala-h-antartani

The copyright infringement issue and piracy concerns have increased due to the rapid spread of digital materials in the streaming services, social networks and the file sharing services. The manual and traditional digital rights management DRM systems are becoming less and less sufficient in their solution to the problem of the volume and variety of content distribution that nowadays exists. The current paper suggests an automated solution to protect digital content on the basis of the video analysis with the use of artificial intelligence AI and multilingual text recognition purposes. The system combines deep learning to analyze frames of videos with state of the art optical character recognition OCR and natural language processing NLP algorithms to identify copyrighted visual and textual content in a wide range of languages. The framework uses convolutional neural networks CNNs and transformer based models to recognize scenes and objects, and multilingual OCR is used to guarantee the effective extraction of embedded text like subtitles, captions and watermarks. To quantify the accuracy of detection on various datasets, the metrics related to evaluation such as precision, recall, and F1 score are considered. The practical analysis reveals that the proposed solution surpass its baseline DRM tools with respect to the scalability, cross lingual flexibility, and real time tracking. The study adds to the understanding of affirming copyright protection measures, but also offers useful data to streaming providers, regulators and policy makers. In addition, it underlines areas of future research, such as implementation of blockchain on unchangeable records of content ownership and development of multilingual support on under represented languages. Shiela Krystn "Automated Digital Content Protection Using AI-Powered Video Analysis and Multilingual Text Recognition" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97382.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97382/automated-digital-content-protection-using-aipowered-video-analysis-and-multilingual-text-recognition/shiela-krystn

This study examines the significant contributions of NGOs in promoting sanitation and health in the tribal hamlets of Anaikatti, Coimbatore. Given the geographical remoteness and socio cultural uniqueness of tribal settlements, an appropriate sampling strategy was essential to ensure the validity and relevance of the findings. The study adopted a descriptive research design and employed a purposive sampling method to select respondents. This non probability sampling technique was chosen due to the specific focus on tribal communities where NGOs are actively engaged in sanitation and health interventions. The selection of respondents was guided by inclusion criteria such as community members who had directly benefited from NGO led sanitation and health programs, as well as NGO workers and local health facilitators. A sample size of 120 respondents was finalized for the study. This included 120 tribal residents from different hamlets . The sample size was determined based on accessibility, diversity of hamlets and representation of various stakeholders, ensuring a balanced and insightful data collection process. Data were collected using structured interviews and focus group discussions to gain quantitative insights. The purposive sampling approach enabled the researcher to reach key informants who had first hand experience and could provide meaningful information regarding the impact of NGO interventions. The results revealed that 58 of the respondents exhibited a moderate role of NGOs in promoting sanitation and health in tribal hamlets. Additionally, 26 demonstrated a high role of NGOs in promoting sanitation and health in tribal hamlets, while the remaining 17 reflected a low role of NGOs in promoting sanitation and health in tribal hamlets. Dr. P. Natarajan | Immanuvel Nelson A "Role of NGOS in Promoting Sanitation and Health in Tribal Hamlets of Coimbatore" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97314.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97314/role-of-ngos-in-promoting-sanitation-and-health-in-tribal-hamlets-of-coimbatore/dr-p-natarajan

Sarah Waters stand out as a distinctive literary voice in contemporary British fiction, known for her nuanced revival of the Gothic mode to explore hidden dimensions of desire, identity, and historical repression. This article examines how Waters employs Gothic aesthetics—not merely as stylistic embellishment, but as a powerful narrative strategy—to represent lesbian identity within rigidly patriarchal and heteronormative historical contexts. Through a close reading of select novels, including Affinity, Fingersmith, Tipping the Velvet, and The Little Stranger, the study investigates how tropes such as haunted houses, ghostly presences, madness, and confinement are reimagined to symbolise repressed same sex desire and social marginalisation. Positioning Waters within the broader tradition of neo Victorian and queer Gothic fiction, the article interrogates how she both subverts and extends Gothic conventions to create space for queer expression where it was historically denied. Waters women do not simply inhabit dark, oppressive spaces—they disrupt them, haunting the very narratives that once silenced them. The Gothic thus becomes a mode of both concealment and revelation, reflecting the tension between societal erasure and individual desire. By weaving together feminist literary criticism, queer theory, and Gothic studies, this article offers a richly textured analysis of Waters’ contribution to contemporary literature and her redefinition of both genre and gender. In illuminating the interplay between haunting and desire, past and present, this study reveals how Waters’ fiction not only challenges literary norms but also reclaims silenced histories. Her novels are not just acts of storytelling but also acts of resistance—literary spaces where the ghosts of history are invited to speak. Raghavendra A "Haunting Desires: Gothic Sensibilities and Lesbian Identity in the Novels of Sarah Waters" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97323.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/english/97323/haunting-desires-gothic-sensibilities-and-lesbian-identity-in-the-novels-of-sarah-waters/raghavendra-a

This paper presents a unique online reference control technique for distribution static compensators that use the reinforcement learning algorithm. The goal of this strategy is to address the power quality issues that develop in microgrids. The unique controller is designed to correct reactive power, harmonics, and unbalanced load current in a microgrid by using voltage and current characteristics. The current based controller use the quadrature axis q axis and the zero axis 0 axis to correct for unequal load current in scattered resource networks. In contrast, the voltage controller is used to change the desired value of the reactive power reference. The control technique was developed and implemented in an autonomous microgrid with a weak AC supply non stiff source distribution system. It has been tested with various load circumstances and three phase fault scenarios. Several situations are analyzed, and simulation results for a variety of settings are discussed. The report also contains a full evaluation of the effectiveness of the developed online secondary control mechanism. Arti | Pramod Kumar Rathore "Reinforcement Learning-Based Reference Control of D-STATCOM for Reactive Power Compensation and Power Quality Enhancement in Autonomous Microgrids" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97324.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97324/reinforcement-learningbased-reference-control-of-dstatcom-for-reactive-power-compensation-and-power-quality-enhancement-in-autonomous-microgrids/arti

A member of the Sapotaceae family, Madhuca longifolia mahua is also referred to as the honey tree and butter nut tree. Growing throughout the subtropical regions of India Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97380.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97380/an-overview-of-madhuca-longifolias-biological-characteristics-and-phytochemicals/mr-shubham-kumar

Facial recognition in law enforcement allows agencies to identify individuals by analyzing facial features in images and comparing them to databases of known faces. It can help identify suspects in crimes by matching images from surveillance footage to databases. The technology is used by law enforcement for various purposes, including identifying suspects, enhancing investigations, and improving public safety. It allows for the automated identification of individuals that may in some way be related to criminal events, such as suspects, wanted persons, victims or witnesses. This paper explores the use of facial recognition technology FRT in law enforcement. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Facial Recognition in Law Enforcement" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97338.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97338/facial-recognition-in-law-enforcement/matthew-n-o-sadiku

A grid tied microgrid equipped with a UPQC generates clean, efficient power. ANN controlled voltage source converters UPQCs may be more economical and less complex. This controller replaces costly DSPs, FPGAs, and a b c d q 0 conversion. A photovoltaic battery unified power quality conditioner system with harmonic supply voltage and nonlinear unbalanced loads is analyzed using an artificial neural network controller. Consider sag and swell voltage. The Levenberg Marquardt algorithm is used for backpropagation in artificial neural network control. This control method sustains the target voltage of the dc link capacitor using dependable reference signals. MATLAB Simulink simulates photovoltaic battery unified power quality conditioner systems using synchronous reference frame and artificial neural networks. The testing indicated that the proposed technique was the most effective. The impacts of supply currents and dc link capacitor voltage in relation to synchronous reference frame SRF and artificial neural network ANN controller based universal power quality conditioner UPQC are also analyzed. The proposed controller surpasses the total harmonic distortion of load voltage and supply current. In contrast to SRF based and ANN control. Kisan Kumar Jaisawal | Pramod Kumar Rathore "ANN-Based Control of Photovoltaic-Battery Integrated UPQC for Power Quality Enhancement in Grid-Tied Microgrids" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97325.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97325/annbased-control-of-photovoltaicbattery-integrated-upqc-for-power-quality-enhancement-in-gridtied-microgrids/kisan-kumar-jaisawal

Nutrition plays a crucial role in sports and significantly influences athletic performance. Athletes’ awareness of the importance of nutrition is essential, as multiple factors can affect performance during competition, including dietary habits. One of the most common nutritional challenges faced by athletes is inadequate intake of overall food energy. A balanced diet and proper dietary practices enable athletes to train effectively, recover faster, adapt better, and reduce the risk of illness or injury. To maximize results, athletes should adopt appropriate nutritional strategies both before and after performance. Special emphasis must be placed on the adequate intake of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. Dr. Meeta Badal | Prof. Pawan Kumar Pachori "Nutrition and Diet are Crucial for Athletes Performance: A Complete Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97379.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97379/nutrition-and-diet-are-crucial-for-athletes-performance-a-complete-review/dr-meeta-badal

Digital forensics is a branch of investigative work that primarily focuses on recovering and analyzing materials from digital devices. At its core, digital forensics entails the meticulous extraction, preservation, and interpretation of digital evidence to shed light on unlawful activities. Digital forensics plays an important role in numerous law enforcement settings. One of the reasons the digital forensics field has seen such growth is that the world is increasingly connected new devices have become commonplace, providing numerous avenues for cybercriminals and leading to crimes such as hacking, identity theft, and data breaches. Digital forensics professionals are trained in collecting digital evidence that can aid law enforcement professionals in bringing cybercriminals to justice. Cybercriminals are developing new ways to thwart digital forensic investigators.. Digital forensics provides law enforcement agencies with the tools and techniques necessary to collect, analyze, and preserve this evidence, helping to build stronger cases and bring criminals to justice. This paper provides an introduction to digital forensics in law enforcement. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Digital Forensics for Law Enforcement" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97329.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97329/digital-forensics-for-law-enforcement/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Objectives This prospective and experimental study was planned to evaluate the efficacy of homoeopathic Mother tincture Ocimum canum on nephrolithiasis patient and explored to phytoconstituent of ocimum canum mother tincture. MATERIAL AND METHODS To explore the phytoconstituent of Ocimum canum mother tincture and evaluate utility of ocimum canum mother tincture on Thirty cases of Renal Calculi were randomly chosen and studied. RESULT This study done in two phase firstly practical to revealed the phytochemical of Ocimum canum mother tincture such as alkaloid, flavonoid, carbohydrate, protein, tannin, terpenoid, and saponin, phytoconstituent is present, HRLCMS reveal the approx hundred compound and second phase clinical triol on 30 cases of nephrolithiasis patient ,out of 30 cases,7 30 was cure,18 cases 60 was remarkably improved,4cases 14 was moderately improved and 1 case 3 was no change. CONCLUSION After practical performance found that alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoid, carbohydrate, protein and amino acid, tannin, saponin and HR LCMS analysis specifies that the methanol extract of Ocimum canum mother tincture contains various valuable secondary compounds which have various medicinal properties that can be useful for the treatment of various diseases. The study reveals the vital role of phytochemical which are released in the form of secondary compounds in controlling the fungal plant diseases without effecting the environment helping in reducing the soil salinity and increase the fertility. From this study it is evident that majority of cases of Renal calculi Can be effectively relived by homoeopathic mother tincture treatment. Homoeopathic remedies to begin with reduce the frequency of acute exacerbations, reduce the intensity of the symptoms, and reduce the relapse and chances of recurrence and their by remove the stones. They reduce dependence over other Drugs and also surgery. Dr. Sarita | Dr. Hemant Kumar Soni "Phytochemical Analysis of Ocimum Canum Mother Tincture and Evaluation of its Efficacy on Nephrolithiasis Patients" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97306.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/97306/phytochemical-analysis-of-ocimum-canum-mother-tincture-and-evaluation-of-its-efficacy-on-nephrolithiasis-patients/dr-sarita

Quantum computing offers transformative potential for climate modeling by leveraging quantum mechanical principles to address computational bottlenecks in classical systems. This article synthesizes advancements from 2023–2025, focusing on molecular simulations, atmospheric modeling, optimization, and quantum machine learning QML . Key results include a 40 improvement in carbon capture material efficiency, accelerated solutions to Navier Stokes equations, and 92 accuracy in flood prediction using quantum support vector machines QSVMs . Challenges such as limited coherence times, data throughput constraints, and hybrid system integration persist. Near term applications with noisy intermediate scale quantum NISQ devices and long term prospects with fault tolerant systems are explored, emphasizing interdisciplinary collaboration to align quantum solutions with climate challenges. Dr. Hemen Kakati "Quantum Computing in Climate Modeling: Advances and Innovations" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97330.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/physics/other/97330/quantum-computing-in-climate-modeling-advances-and-innovations/dr-hemen-kakati

Sports drinks and sports confectionery are common nutritional strategies aimed at enhancing athletic performance, particularly in endurance and high intensity activities. Both products are designed to deliver rapidly available carbohydrates and, in some cases, electrolytes or caffeine. However, they differ significantly in their physical form, absorption rates, and practical applications. Sports drinks provide both hydration and energy replenishment, making them ideal for maintaining fluid balance and thermoregulation during prolonged exercise. In contrast, sports confectionery such as energy gels and chews offers concentrated carbohydrate doses in portable formats, suitable for situations where fluid intake is limited or impractical. Both have been shown to improve performance by sustaining blood glucose levels, delaying fatigue, and supporting cognitive function. Nonetheless, potential drawbacks exist, including gastrointestinal discomfort, excessive sugar consumption, and misuse outside of athletic contexts. This study compares the effectiveness of sports drinks and sports confectionery in terms of hydration, energy replenishment, and their overall impact on athletic performance and recovery. Dr. Meeta Badal | Prof. Pawan Kumar Pachori "Sports Drinks vs Sports Candy During a Sports Event" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97378.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97378/sports-drinks-vs-sports-candy-during-a-sports-event/dr-meeta-badal

The rise of virtual reality VR and augmented reality AR is transforming many fields, including that of law enforcement. These immersive technologies offer unprecedented possibilities for training, intervention, and investigation, paving the way for more efficient and secure methods. They are revolutionizing how law enforcement officers train and law enforcement practices. Implementing immersive technologies in law enforcement training has shown tangible benefits in both learning outcomes and field performance. They are reshaping training of law enforcement agencies by providing immersive and authentic experiences, overcoming many traditional training limitations. In this paper, we will explore the positive impact of immersive technologies on law enforcement agencies. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Immersive Technologies in Law Enforcement" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97331.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97331/immersive-technologies-in-law-enforcement/matthew-n-o-sadiku

This study examines the ongoing border dispute between Thailand and Cambodia over historic Hindu temple sites, particularly Preah Vihear and Prasat Ta Muen Thom. It investigates how colonial era maps, historical treaties, and rulings by the International Court of Justice have shaped the territorial claims of both countries. The article explores how these temples, rich in religious and cultural meaning, have become symbols of national identity and have fueled nationalist sentiment on both sides. The role of ASEAN in managing the conflict is analysed, highlighting its structural limitations in resolving sovereignty based disputes. The research assesses the consequences of militarising sacred sites, including civilian displacement, cultural damage, and disrupted cross border ties. Drawing from these findings, the paper offers recommendations for peaceful resolution through joint heritage protection, cultural diplomacy, and regional cooperation. The study underscores the need to view temple conflicts not just as territorial issues, but as complex intersections of history, identity, and geopolitics. Dr. Vishnu Prakash Mangu "Temples, Territory, and Tensions: A Geopolitical Study of the Thai-Cambodian Border Dispute" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97336.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/97336/temples-territory-and-tensions-a-geopolitical-study-of-the-thaicambodian-border-dispute/dr-vishnu-prakash-mangu

The growing urgency of environmental sustainability has heightened interest in the slow fashion movement, which prioritizes ethical production, durability, and mindful consumption. Gen Z, a generation known for rapid trend adoption, heavy social media engagement, and a preference for affordable, fast changing styles, presents both a challenge and an opportunity for sustainable fashion integration. This study explores how slow fashion principles can be effectively incorporated into Gen Z’s style driven consumption patterns without compromising their desire for self expression and trend participation. Using a mixed methods approach, the research combines survey data from 300 Gen Z consumers with interviews involving sustainable fashion entrepreneurs, educators, and brand managers. It examines purchasing drivers—affordability, aesthetics, peer influence, and digital marketing—while assessing awareness of slow fashion values such as reduced waste, fair labor, and timeless design. Findings reveal a gap between Gen Z’s sustainability support and actual buying habits, shaped by accessibility constraints and fast trend cycles. Strategies such as limited edition sustainable collections, influencer led campaigns, and customizable designs emerge as promising ways to align style preferences with sustainability. The study offers actionable insights for brands, educators, and policymakers to bridge Gen Z’s fashion identity with the enduring values of slow fashion. Rashmi Suhas Pethe | Dr. Neeraj Rawat Sharma "To Explore How Slow Fashion Principles can be Incorporated into Gen Z Consumers’ Trend-Driven Fashion Choices" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97363.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/home-science/97363/to-explore-how-slow-fashion-principles-can-be-incorporated-into-gen-z-consumers’-trenddriven-fashion-choices/rashmi-suhas-pethe

Teachers self efficacy plays a critical role in the successful implementation of inclusive education for children with disabilities. The study exists on the comparative self efficacy of general and special education teachers in Cambodia, and it aimed to examine the differences between general and special education teachers self efficacy in instruction, and collaboration is included deeply. 1 descriptive, 2 inferential statistics, namely SPSS AMOS Version 29 and Structural Equation Modelling SEM , Confirmatory Factor Analysis CFA and Simple Linear Regression SLR to analyse quantitative data from 533 samples, the sample of 403 general education teachers, of which 115 teachers are primary school teachers and 288 teachers are secondary school teachers and the sample of 130 special education teachers, of which 83 teachers are primary school teachers and 47 teachers are secondary school teachers, who are teaching in the target special education high schools and mainstream schools of five provinces and it used SWOT to analyse existing qualitative secondary data. As the results found that the significant relationship between general and special education teachers self efficacy in instruction and disability inclusive education background, teachers self efficacy in collaboration and disability inclusive education background, teachers disability inclusive education background and inclusive education implementation, teachers self efficacy in instruction and inclusive education implementation, teachers self efficacy in collaboration and inclusive education implementation, teachers self efficacy in managing behaviour and inclusive education implementation. The study indirectly contributed to understanding the challenges and opportunities in inclusive education implementation in Cambodia by analysing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Recommendations were made to increase teacher self efficacy and to enhance inclusive education implementation in Cambodia. Phonn Sophak | Dr. Tan Saroeun "Self-Efficacy of General and Special Education Teachers for Inclusive Education Implementation in Cambodia" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97334.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/97334/selfefficacy-of-general-and-special-education-teachers-for-inclusive-education-implementation-in-cambodia/phonn-sophak

This study comprehensively characterizes the physicochemical properties of Umuchieze kaolin clay using a suite of analytical techniques, including FTIR, SEM EDS, TGA, and BET analyses. The FTIR results confirm a well developed kaolinite structure, with distinct silicate framework vibrations in the low frequency region 640–1163 cm ¹ and multiple O–H stretching bands in the high frequency region 3620–3691 cm ¹ , indicative of a highly ordered silicate matrix with variable hydroxyl environments. SEM EDS analysis reveals a composition dominated by oxygen, silicon, and aluminium, consistent with the ideal kaolinite formula, while trace elements such as carbon, titanium, and iron are present at low levels. TGA demonstrates initial mass loss due to adsorbed water below 100 °C, stability up to 320 °C, and dehydroxylation peaking at 480 °C, after which a thermally stable metakaolin phase is formed. BET analysis indicates a moderate surface area ~23.76 m² g and an average pore diameter of ~25 nm, confirming a predominantly mesoporous structure. These findings underscore the material’s potential for high quality paper production, environmental remediation, adsorption processes, and catalytic applications in oil and gas processes. Further studies are recommended to optimize surface modification and beneficiation techniques, thereby enhancing its performance in these advanced industrial applications. Beneth C. Chukwudi | Briggs M. O. Ogunedo "Physicochemical Characterisation and Industrial Applications of Umuchieze Mined Kaolin Clay" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97369.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mineral-and-metallurgical-engineering/97369/physicochemical-characterisation-and-industrial-applications-of-umuchieze-mined-kaolin-clay/beneth-c-chukwudi

The Arab Israeli conflict has remained one of the most complex and protracted geopolitical crises of the 21st century, with wide reaching implications for regional and international peace. Therefore, this study investigated how US economic interest in the Middle East have shaped the Arab Israeli conflict between 2000 to 2023. The theory of Classical Realism was adopted as the theoretical framework of analysis and also adopted qualitative research design in which data were collected from secondary sources like historical documents, review of relevant literature and published articles, presented in tables and figures, and analysed using thematic content analysis method. The study found that the US economic interests in the region impacted significantly on the Arab Israeli conflict which contributed to the protraction of the conflict. Arising from these findings, the study recommended amongst others that the US should align its economic interests with peacebuilding through regional economic cooperation and conditional diplomatic engagements and the United States should decouple its economic agenda from its mediation role in the region by supporting the establishment of a multilateral mediation framework under the auspices of the United Nations or a neutral international consortium. Okeh, Goodluck Chigozie | Obomanu, Edmund Felix "United States Economic Interests and the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 2000-2023" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97337.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/other/97337/united-states-economic-interests-and-the-arabisraeli-conflict-20002023/okeh-goodluck-chigozie

Against the backdrop of the increasing popularity of global digitization, smart cities, as a new concept in urban development, are profoundly changing peoples lifestyles and urban governance patterns. However, with the widespread application of projects such as Hangzhous City Brain and Shenzhens intelligent transportation, data security has become a concern. Our research focuses on potential legal or technical vulnerabilities in data collection, sharing, supervision, and other links during smart city construction. Through literature research, case analysis, and other methods, we analyze the current data security issues. The study finds that the Personal Information Protection Law cannot effectively play its role in smart city scenarios. There are sometimes misunderstandings in data sharing between departments, and the responsibilities of various subjects are unclear in division of labor. Therefore, our research proposes solutions from three aspects improving laws and regulations, unifying technical standards, and innovating supervision mechanisms, to better balance technological development and protection of individual rights. He Rui Qi | Jian Song Yu | Nazila Ailiyeer | Zebanuer Tuerhong "Research on Data Security Issues in Smart City Construction ---- The Path of Collaborative Governance of Law and Technology" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97322.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97322/research-on-data-security-issues-in-smart-city-construction--the-path-of-collaborative-governance-of-law-and-technology/he-rui-qi

Caste based discrimination remains a deep rooted socio political issue in India, despite constitutional safeguards. During the freedom struggle the mainstream newspapers, controlled by powerful upper caste people, prioritized anti colonial narratives, while the oppression of marginalized communities, particularly Dalits, received minimal attention. They did not pay attention to the problems faced by lower caste people. This neglect led to the emergence of counter publics in media to represent silenced voices that led to the urgent need for journalistic practices grounded in social justice, equity, and the amplification of marginalized perspectives in media spaces.Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, a visionary reformer, recognized the power of media as a tool for change, resistance and empowerment. He started his own newspapers, like Mooknayak, Bahishkrit Bharat, Janata, and Prabuddha Bharat, to give a voice to the marginalized, challenged caste oppression, and promoted social justice. His journalistic style combined rational argument, moral critique, and advocacy journalism to amplify subaltern voices. Ambedkars media practice established a framework for what can be termed journalism for social emancipation’.This paper studies Dr. Ambedkars journalism and compares with the work of contemporary journalists’ writings on issues of caste and inequality in digital spaces. This research aims to trace the continuities and changes in approaches to social justice to examine media’s role in countering writings on casteism and to assess how Ambedkar’s media philosophies are reinterpreted today. This analysis contributes to understanding the relevance of ‘journalism for social justice’ in India’s ongoing struggle for equity, equality and social justice. Debasis Patnaik "Journalism for Social Justice: A Comparative Analysis of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar’s Journalistic Writings and Contemporary Journalists’ Writings in India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97377.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/journalism/97377/journalism-for-social-justice-a-comparative-analysis-of-dr-b-r-ambedkar’s-journalistic-writings-and-contemporary-journalists’-writings-in-india/debasis-patnaik

This conceptual article investigates the integral role of recreational activities in shaping the framework of sustainable tourism. In contemporary tourism discourse, sustainability has transcended its initial association with environmental concerns to encompass broader objectives such as cultural preservation, social cohesion, and equitable economic development. Within this expanded framework, recreational activities are not merely expressions of leisure but are positioned as critical instruments that foster ecological sensitivity, reinforce local identity, and promote inclusive participation. Nature based and culturally embedded forms of recreation, such as hiking, birdwatching, traditional craft making, and agritourism, establish dynamic interfaces between visitors and host communities. These experiences enable a deeper engagement with both natural landscapes and cultural contexts. They also facilitate the conservation of biodiversity, the safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage, and the diffusion of socially responsible tourism practices. Anchored in theoretical constructs such as Bourdieu’s notion of cultural capital and perspectives from environmental psychology, this article argues that recreation contributes not only to the experiential enrichment of tourism but also to the strategic goals of sustainability. It concludes by advocating for the explicit integration of recreational planning into tourism policy as a mechanism to ensure long term ecological integrity, cultural resilience, and community based development. Erhan Nuh Ozturk "The Role of Recreational Activities in the Development of Sustainable Tourism: A Conceptual Evaluation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97326.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/tourism/97326/the-role-of-recreational-activities-in-the-development-of-sustainable-tourism-a-conceptual-evaluation/erhan-nuh-ozturk

Hybrid composite is an advanced composite material that is made of inclusion of nano composite with natural or synthesis fiber. Nano composite is inclusion of nano material like carbon nano tube with epoxy or polymer as matrix. The first step here is to Find the Elastic properties and strength of carbon nano tube for different chirality 10,10 for SWCNTs and 25,25 for MWCNTs by using nanotube modeler software. The Second step is find out the elastic properties of nano compositefor different volume fraction of CNTs by using Rule of mixture and Mori – Tanaka method. In the Mori Tanaka method, CNT is included in cylindrical form in the form of polymer matrix. Here, the effective properties of hybrid composite have been analyzed using material of mechanics. In this, correct bonding between carbon fiber and nano composite has been considered. A hybrid composite consist 8 layered laminate with stacking sequence 0 45 45 90 Sand analyse elastic properties for different volume fraction of carbon nano tube and carbon fiber. Yogendra Singh | Vidhya Mehra "Analysis Elastic Properties of Hybrid Composite Plate for Different Volume Fraction of CNT" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97327.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/97327/analysis-elastic-properties-of-hybrid-composite-plate-for-different-volume-fraction-of-cnt/yogendra-singh

This study provides a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of neuromarketing research, with a specific emphasis on EEG applications in understanding consumer behavior. The study examines global trends from 2016 to 2025 using data from the Scopus database and analytical tools such as VOS viewer and Bibliometrix. Based on co authorship networks, citation impact, bibliographic coupling, keyword co occurrence, and source co citation patterns, 144 pertinent documents were examined. The results show a notable increase in publications after 2016, reaching a peak in 2022, and then showing a varying pattern in the years that followed. To provide insights into the intellectual and thematic evolution of the field, key contributors, influential publications, and emerging topics—like AI integration and biometric tools—are mapped. The findings point to a developing and multidisciplinary field of study that combines technology, psychology, marketing, and neuroscience to investigate how consumers make decisions. For future researchers hoping to advance neuromarketing using neurophysiological techniques, this work offers a fundamental understanding. Dr. Hamid Abdullah | Ms. Neha Mahana | Ayush Chandra Dubey "Neuromarketing and Consumer Behavior: A Comprehensive Bibliometric Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97345.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing/97345/neuromarketing-and-consumer-behavior-a-comprehensive-bibliometric-review/dr-hamid-abdullah

This longitudinal study investigated how the value profiles and corruption propensity of law graduates from the University of Eastern Philippines UEP evolved during their initial 5 10 years in legal practice or public administration. Employing a sequential explanatory mixed methods design, the research repeatedly administered psychometric scales, such as the Panukat ng Ugali at Pagkatao PUP , and a newly developed Professional Corruption Propensity and Propinquity Scale PCPPS to track quantitative changes over time. Qualitative data, gathered through in depth interviews and focus group discussions, explored the professional and organizational factors, including prevailing ethical climates and economic incentives, that influenced these shifts. Findings suggested that while initial value profiles were moderate, real world professional environments, particularly organizational culture and economic pressures, significantly impacted the trajectory of integrity and corruption susceptibility. The study aimed to provide evidence based recommendations for ongoing ethical development programs and systemic interventions to foster a more resilient culture of integrity within the Philippine legal profession. Atty. Emily C. Sison-Acompañado "Longitudinal Study on the Evolution of Value Profiles and Corruption Propensity Among UEP Law Graduates in Their Professional Careers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97366.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/law-and-management/97366/longitudinal-study-on-the-evolution-of-value-profiles-and-corruption-propensity-among-uep-law-graduates-in-their-professional-careers/atty-emily-c-sisonacompañado

Organizations in a variety of sectors have been forced to incorporate green practices, including human resource management, into their operations due to the growing emphasis on environmental sustainability. Green talent management GTM has become a strategic way to link human resources with sustainability goals in the banking industry, where funding and investment decisions have a major yet indirect environmental impact. This study investigates the idea of green talent management practices in the banking sector, looking at how banks recruit, train, and retain staff followers who are capable of spearheading green projects and who care about the environment. The report emphasizes important procedures such environmentally linked reward systems, sustainability focused training and development, green performance evaluation, and green hiring. The study determines how corporate culture, leadership, and policy frameworks support GTM through a review of recent research and case studies. According to the research, good green people management improves environmental performance while also boosting an organizations long term competitiveness, employee engagement, and reputation. In order to promote a more sustainable and accountable financial industry, the report ends with recommendations for incorporating green HR practices into banks basic business models. Mr. P. Anbuchezhien Kamaraj | Ms. M. Lakshmi Priya | Dr. M. Rifaya Meera "Green Talent Management Practices in Banking Sector" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97320.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/97320/green-talent-management-practices-in-banking-sector/mr-p-anbuchezhien-kamaraj

As essential materials for biochemical experiments, chemical reagents are vital to the safety of faculty and students lives and property, making their warehouse supervision a critical task. This study investigates real time temperature monitoring in chemical reagent storage facilities using infrared imaging technology specifically designed for such environments. The method enables continuous tracking of temperature and humidity levels, identifies subtle chemical changes, predicts trends, and issues timely warnings to minimize risks. By integrating manual management with digital monitoring systems, the research establishes risk assessment models for surface heat sources and implements comprehensive inspections. This dual layered thermal monitoring system creates a robust safeguard mechanism, ensuring safer working conditions for educators and students in daily laboratory operations. Wang Zhan Gang "Research on Shallow Heat Source of Chemical Reagents by Infrared Imaging Technology" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97354.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/enviormental-science/97354/research-on-shallow-heat-source-of-chemical-reagents-by-infrared-imaging-technology/wang-zhan-gang

Different forms of immersive technology, such as virtual reality VR and augmented reality AR , are getting increasingly invested in healthcare. Immersive technologies are rapidly gaining traction in healthcare, offering transformative opportunities for patient care, medical education, and therapeutic interventions. They hold considerable promise in revolutionizing healthcare practices. The benefits of immersive technologies are vast and expanding, from enhancing healthcare and education, to strengthening collaboration and productivity. Immersive technologies also present powerful tools for visualization, communication, and collaboration in the medical profession. This paper aims at exploring the current applications of immersive technologies in healthcare. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Immersive Technologies in Healthcare" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97372.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97372/immersive-technologies-in-healthcare/matthew-n-o-sadiku

“Smart Everything” refers to the growing integration of advanced or digital technologies, especially artificial intelligence AI , machine learning ML , sensors, connectivity, and data analytics, into everyday objects, infrastructure, and systems to make them intelligent, autonomous, responsive, and interconnected. The import is to help improve efficiency and productivity, reduce resource wastage, enhance convenience and quality of life, to enable predictive maintenance and faster decision making, and to facilitate sustainability and environmental monitoring. We try in this paper to examine the usefulness of Smart Everything, its challenges and solutions to them to make them more beneficial to humanity. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Smart Everything" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97355.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97355/smart-everything/paul-a-adekunte

Officer body worn cameras BWCs are relatively small devices that record interactions between community members e.g., the public, suspects, and victims and law enforcement officers. Body worn cameras are widely used by state and local law enforcement agencies in the United States. They are worn principally by officers in the performance of duties that require open and direct contact with the public. All police officers, detectives, sergeants, and lieutenants regularly assigned to perform patrol duties throughout the city are equipped with body worn cameras. This involves police officers wearing cameras on their uniforms to improve the civility of their interactions with citizens. The main reasons they have acquired body worn cameras are to improve officer safety, increase evidence quality, reduce civilian complaints, and reduce agency liability. This paper introduces the reader to the use body worn cameras by law enforcement officers. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Police Body Cameras" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97357.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97357/police-body-cameras/matthew-n-o-sadiku

This article analyzes the energy, exergy, and economic performances of a mixed forced convection solar tunnel dryer designed for drying fishery products. This system integrates an air collector equipped with fans and a drying cabin. Tested by Coly et al. Under empty and loaded conditions under different climatic conditions clear, cloudy, or rainy skies , the dryer has thermal efficiencies of 17 to 60 for the collector and 0 to 5.7 for the cabin, depending on the sunlight. This work performs an exergy analysis to identify energy losses and propose ways to optimize the overall efficiency of the system. Economically, the study highlights benefits in terms of hygiene, product quality and profitability, with an estimated payback period of 0.6 years for oily fish, 1.1 years for lean fish, 1.5 years for shrimp, and an average of 0.7 years for these three products, over an operating period of 150 days per year. Mamadou Lamine Coly | Mamadou Seck Gueye | Bou Counta Mbaye | Waly Faye | Omar Ngor Thiam "Energy, Exergetic and Economic Evaluation of a Trapezoidal Mixed Tunnel Dryer" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97351.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/physics/engineering-physics/97351/energy-exergetic-and-economic-evaluation-of-a-trapezoidal-mixed-tunnel-dryer/mamadou-lamine-coly

Automatic License Plate Recognition ALPR systems function to automatically capture an image of the vehicle’s license plate, transform that image into alphanumeric characters using optical character recognition, compare the plate number acquired to one or more databases of vehicles of interest to law enforcement, and to alert the officer when a vehicle of interest has been observed. ALPR technology has become an industry standard that has proven to be an effective and efficient way for law enforcement to detect, solve, prevent, and deter crime. ALPR data can help detectives develop and pursue leads in criminal investigations by assisting in locating suspects, witnesses, and victims by identifying vehicles in the vicinity at the time of the crime. ALPR systems assist police departments with recovering stolen vehicles, finding missing persons, securing large public venues such as sporting events and concerts, aiding homeland security, and tracking down suspects. This paper is aimed at sharing information, resources, and best practices associated with ALPR in law enforcement. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Automatic License Plate Recognition" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97356.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97356/automatic-license-plate-recognition/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Food processing is emerging as a strategic lever in sub Saharan Africa’s rural transformation agenda, offering pathways to economic resilience, job creation, and inclusive industrialization. This paper examines the case of Sina Gerard Enterprise Urwibutso, one of Rwanda’s most respected entrepreneurs, whose enterprise— Sina Gerard Enterprise Urwibutso —exemplifies the transformative potential of agro industrial innovation. Using a qualitative case study approach, this research explores the enterprise’s impact on smallholder integration, youth employment, education, and sustainable branding under the Made in Rwanda initiative. Findings reveal that Urwibutso’s farm to factory model has catalyzed multidimensional growth in rural communities by combining inclusive business strategies with value chain development. Dr. Sina Gerard "From Farm to Factory: Food Processing as a Catalyst for Rural Transformation in Rwanda" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97368.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97368/from-farm-to-factory-food-processing-as-a-catalyst-for-rural-transformation-in-rwanda/dr-sina-gerard

Immersive technologies are a group of emerging technologies that all share a common aim to create an experience for users that mediates their perception of their physical environment. In their simplest form, immersive technologies consist in adding virtual objects to the real world. They create distinct experiences by merging the physical world with a digital or simulated reality. Immersive technologies allow a person to engage in a virtual reality environment. The technical ability of these technologies to simulate virtual environments or overlay visual or aural information onto the physical environment continues to develop. It seems that everyone, in different sectors, is trying to incorporate immersive technologies for their business needs. Integrating cutting edge immersive technology can help businesses preserve or enhance their competitiveness. This paper provides an overview of immersive technologies and their applications. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Immersive Technologies: An Overview" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97360.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97360/immersive-technologies-an-overview/matthew-n-o-sadiku

Immersive technologies refer to virtual reality VR , augmented reality AR , mixed reality MR , and other technologies and platforms that assist with simulations and visualizations. They are transforming education by creating engaging, interactive, and realistic learning experiences. They are used for a variety of purposes, including skills training simulations, virtual field trips, empathy development, perspective taking, and visualizing complex ideas. These technologies allow students to explore simulated environments, interact with digital content, and apply knowledge in practical scenarios, enhancing both understanding and retention. Immersive education is an innovative approach to teaching and learning that leverages immersive technologies to create engaging and interactive educational experiences. This paper examines the uses of immersive technologies in education. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Immersive Technologies in Education" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97367.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97367/immersive-technologies-in-education/matthew-n-o-sadiku

The detection of plant diseases is a crucial aspect of modern agriculture, particularly for apple orchards, where early disease detection can significantly enhance crop yield and quality. This review paper focuses on the techniques used in detecting apple plant diseases via leaf image classification, with an emphasis on the methodologies, challenges, and advancements in this field. We explore various image processing techniques, machine learning models, and deep learning approaches that are employed for the automatic detection and diagnosis of diseases affecting apple plants. Additionally, the challenges faced, such as dataset limitations, model generalization, and real time deployment issues, are discussed along with potential future research directions. Mohd. Arshad Raza | Dr. Kiran Pandey "Techniques and Challenges in Detecting Apple Plant Diseases via Leaf Image Classification" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97358.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/97358/techniques-and-challenges-in-detecting-apple-plant-diseases-via-leaf-image-classification/mohd-arshad-raza

This paper assesses insurance firms by examining the key characteristics of four principal insurance types life, marine, vehicle, and health medical. It emphasizes the distinctions among these types in terms of risk coverage, premium structures, claim settlement processes, and regulatory oversight. The study evaluates how these factors influence the operational efficiency and financial performance of insurance companies, considering the specific risk profiles and challenges inherent to each category. By comparing these insurance forms, the paper aims to clarify how product specific attributes inform firm strategies and affect consumer trust. The findings provide a basis for more precise evaluation of insurance firms according to the nature of the insurance products offered, thereby contributing to a better understanding of the diverse operational dynamics within the insurance sector. Lalit Sharma | Atharva Aggarwal "Risk Assessment by Insurance Firms: Calculation of Various Types of Insurance" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97344.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/mathemetics/applied-mathamatics/97344/risk-assessment-by-insurance-firms-calculation-of-various-types-of-insurance/lalit-sharma

The field of law enforcement has been undergoing a remarkable transformation with the integration of many new technologies. Technology is revolutionizing crime prevention by providing law enforcement agencies with innovative tools and strategies. Law enforcement officials can benefit from advanced technology as they uncover criminal activity and deliver justice. They are increasingly employing technologies for crime prevention, including surveillance systems, biometrics, GPS tracking systems, automated license plate readers, and predictive policing tools. These technologies aim to enhance situational awareness, improve response times, and ultimately deter criminal activity. With the help of the technologies, law enforcement can now analyze data, predict crime patterns, and respond quickly to emerging threats. In this paper, we explore the role of technology in modern crime prevention and identify the key technologies driving this revolution. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O. Sadiku "Crime Prevention Technologies in Law Enforcement" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97361.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97361/crime-prevention-technologies-in-law-enforcement/matthew-n-o-sadiku

The main objective of this project is the comparative study of the kaplan turbine blades for make the more rotations, kaplan turbines are used in hydro power plants for generating power, in this current research implementing the blade holes similar to the blade profiles, this new model flow performance can be compared with the existing blade profiles, the flow performances can be analyze through CFD Methodology, CATIA V5 software is used for creating 3D model of Kaplan Turbine and ANSYS Fluent software is used CFD Analysis. Sundhara Vadivel R "Comparative Study of Kaplan Turbine Blades for Making More Rotations" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97328.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/97328/comparative-study-of-kaplan-turbine-blades-for-making-more-rotations/sundhara-vadivel-r

Concrete, the most widely used construction material, often faces challenges related to the depletion of natural river sand, increased construction costs, and environmental degradation. To address these issues, quarry dust—a byproduct of stone crushing—is proposed as a sustainable partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete. This study investigates the performance of quarry dust in M25 and M30 grade concrete by replacing fine aggregate at 0 , 20 , 40 , 60 , 80 , and 100 levels. Concrete mixes were tested for slump, compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, and water absorption. Results revealed that workability decreased with higher quarry dust content, while mechanical strength improved up to 60 replacement. Notably, M30 concrete achieved a peak compressive strength of 42 MPa and M25 reached 38 MPa at 60 quarry dust replacement. The findings confirm that quarry dust enhances strength and durability when optimally used, making it a viable eco friendly alternative to natural sand in structural concrete. Raj Roshan | Dr. Varinder Singh | Er. Rajbala "Investigation of Quarry Dust Performance in Concrete as a Fine Aggregate" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97333.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/97333/investigation-of-quarry-dust-performance-in-concrete-as-a-fine-aggregate/raj-roshan

The development of artificial intelligence AI technology poses challenges to national political security, data sovereignty, and social stability. This study, grounded in a holistic approach to national security, analyzes the risks of AI in areas such as data breaches and algorithmic bias. By comparing the EU’s Artificial Intelligence Act, the U.S. AI Bill of Rights, and China’s existing legal regulations, the paper proposes a trinity regulatory framework of “risk classification a balance of rigidity and flexibility domain specific governance.” This includes a dynamic evaluation model for risk classification, a balanced approach combining algorithm registration and sandbox regulation, and differentiated strategies for domain specific governance. This framework provides a core pathway for China’s AI legal governance and contributes Chinese wisdom to global governance. Zhang Qi | Li Junhuan | Abi Nuer | Cai Xinying | Zhou Yingting "A Study on Legal Regulation of Artificial Intelligence under a Holistic Approach to National Security" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97340.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/97340/a-study-on-legal-regulation-of-artificial-intelligence-under-a-holistic-approach-to-national-security/zhang-qi

The proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction WMDs poses a significant threat to international peace and security. The paper investigated the security implications of Irans nuclear project and the fragility of non proliferation. The study adopted a historical research design, and secondary sources of data were used. The study is premised on realism, which has its assumption that nations act only out of self interest and their major goal is to advance their position of power in the international community. Irans effort towards building a nuclear programme was its quest for national security and its power projection in the Middle East. This becomes a threat to Israel and other regional power blocs due to Irans aggressive nature in the Middle East. The response of global actors and institutions was negotiation, which ended in a stalemate from 2003 2013. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action JCPOA was concluded, effectively bringing the Iran nuclear agreement to a close. While the deal had its achievements and setbacks, the U.S. withdrawal under the Trump administration in 2018 significantly undermined its stability and revived concerns over nuclear proliferation. The fear of Irans 60 enrichment of uranium led Israel to declare war on Iran to neutralise Irans nuclear capabilities. The conflict has led to the death of over 628 Iranians, including nuclear scientists, generals, and commanders. Irans retaliatory defences have penetrated Israels defence system and killed over 28 Israelis. On June 22, the U.S. conducted an assault with seven B 2 bombers, each equipped with two GBU 57A B MOP bombs, on three Iranian nuclear facilities Fordow, Natanz, and Isfahan, in an operation designated Midnight Hammer . This caused a misreaction on the future of Irans nuclear ambitions. The study recommended that the U.S. should rejoin the JCPOA and demonstrate a genuine commitment, helping rebuild trust with Iran and enhancing regional security. Owhor Godknows Chima | Wobo Precious "Irans Nuclear Ambitions and the Fragility of Non-Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-4 , August 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd97342.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/97342/irans-nuclear-ambitions-and-the-fragility-of-nonproliferation-of-weapons-of-mass-destruction/owhor-godknows-chima