OBJECTIVE: To describe the meanings of the Pap smear for health students. METHODS: Descriptive study, qualitative approach, with 45 students from the health area of ??a Higher Education Institution, in the Northeast of Brazil. Data were collected in 2017, by means of interviews, processed in the IRaMuTeQ software, and pushed by the Descending Hierarchical Classification. RESULTS: The students recognize that the education in health is the best strategy to prevent cervical cancer, as it is an essential tool in primary care and must be performed by health professionals. CONCLUSION: The meanings found by the students revealed a concern with their role in the Pap smear and, therefore, considers it very important to improve their knowledge in this area so that they can provide quality care to women seeking to prevent cervical cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To to describe the accidents involving cyclists notified in the city of São Paulo during the year 2018, and to analyze the associated factors. METHODS: This is a descriptive, quantitative approach, based on the Violence and Accidents Surveillance Information System of the city of São Paulo (SIVVA), in the selection of reports, including those related to accidents of traffic involving cyclists, from January to December 2018, in the city of São Paulo, in the southeastern region of Brazil. RESULTS: Between January and December 2018, 701 cases of traffic accidents involving cyclists living in the city of São Paulo were reported. The profile of the victim was 82.5%, predominantly male (83.0%) and adolescents (10 to 19 years of age). Regarding the diagnosis of injury, the traumas were more prevalent, mainly superficial head trauma. CONCLUSION: In this study, the prevalence of bicycle, adolescent and male drivers was observed. The main diagnosis of injury was trauma, injuries and fractures affecting the upper limbs.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the epidemiological profile of AVB and to identify prognostic factors of clinical complications of infants admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). METHODS: Prospective cohort study of 61 infants with a clinical diagnosis of AVB admitted to the PICU from June/2016 to July/2017. All infants were followed up during the hospitalization period for clinical and laboratory data collection. In addition, it was carried out an interview with the mothers or legal guardians to obtain socioeconomic information and morbid antecedents. RESULTS: Mean age was 6.9 months, the length of PICU stay was 8.4 days, the prematurity rate was 27.9%, 62.7% presented anemia, and the presence of household smoking 56.7%. Pneumonia (34.4%) and atelectasis (26.2%) were the most prevalent clinical complications. In addition, pneumonia was associated with hospitalization time longer than seven days (OR=3.91, p=0.020), severe dyspnea on admission (OR=3.75, p=0.020), and thinness (OR=3.54, p=0.040). None associations were observed for atelectasis. CONCLUSION: The epidemiological data presented in this study can be applied to the improvement of actions targeting ABV control actions in infants, not only by the identification of the prognostic factors associated with pneumonia but also especially by the necessity to provide greater attention and care to infants with AVB who are thinness and present severe dyspnea on admission to the PICU.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the sociodemographic and clinical aspects of women with breast cancer treated at a hospital. METHODS: Documentary, descriptive and quantitative study, carried out in a referral hospital unit for the care of people with breast cancer, in Northeastern Brazil. 79 charts of women with breast cancer were analyzed. A form was used that included socio-demographic, clinical and health-related aspects. The data were submitted to descriptive analysis using the BioEstat 3.0 Program. RESULTS: Approximately 66% are in the 41 to 60 age group. Reproductive characteristics showed that 12.66% of women started menarche from the age of 10, 31 had at least one type of disease identified: hypertension 13 (56.5%), diabetes mellitus 7 (30.4%), allergy 5 (21.7%). Mastectomy was the most frequent surgery (63.2%). The empirical findings reported in this study showed that 30.4% had diabetes mellitus and 56% hypertension. Family history was determined to be an important risk factor for the development of breast cancer. CONCLUSION: The results can be subsidies for the development of larger studies related to the theme, which makes it possible to contribute to increase the visibility of public agencies and health services.

OBJECTIVE: Trypanosoma cruzi comprises highly heterogeneus populations classified within six Discrete Typing Unit (DTU´s) named Tc-I to Tc-VI ans TcBat. Evolutionary history of T. cruzi has a very strong association with their mammal hosts and some phylogenetic and ecolobiologically studies suggest that ecotopes, hosts and vectors are factors that determine the different lineages of T. cruzi. METHODS: Herein we characterized T. cruzi isolates from synanthropic individuals of Didelphis virginiana and Rattus rattus captured in the village of Molas, Yucatan. RESULTS: Forty households were selected and traps were placed in the yard during January to May of 2014. Sixty six opossum (Didelphis virginiana) and twenty five rats (Rattus rattus) were captured and 13 were diagnosed as T. cruzi infected by microhematocrit and blood culture. Ten isolates of T. cruzi were obtained for phylogenetic analysis with SSU rDNA, gGAPDH and Cytochrome B genes to describe the relationships between them and classify them into the different DTUs. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the participation of synanthropic animals D. virginiana and R. rattus as a reservoirs of T. cruzi in Yucatan_Mexico and the different isolates of the parasite belonged to Tc-I. The proximity of these species to the domestic environment favor the contact of the trypanosome with the human population in domestic environment.

OBJECTIVE: Visceral leishmaniasis is caused by Leishmania infantum. In the state of São Paulo, this zoonosis is expanding to urban areas and the incidence of human disease is related to canine infection. Herein, we performed a serological and molecular diagnosis on 152 dogs (Canis familiaris) from the Grajau and Ilha do Bororé neighborhoods, in the extreme south of the São Paulo municipality, Brazil. METHODS: We observe the prevalence of L. infantum in these animals that are identified as the main reservoirs of the etiologic agent of visceral leishmaniasis. RESULTS: Serological tests showed a low positivity rate, while the molecular tests showed positive animals at 3.94% and 0.65% for the Leishmania infantum L-like cathepsin and ITS of ribosomal gene, respectively. CONCLUSION: Molecular diagnosis of 3.94% positivity suggesting the introduction of L. infantum in this locality of São Paulo, which still preserves 80% of the Atlantic Forest. Our data point to the need for effective control of infected dogs to prevent the spread of visceral leishmaniasis in humans.

OBJETIVE: Viruses are commonly associated with respiratory infections. Pandemics caused by respiratory viruses have affected humans considerably throughout history. We are currently facing a pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. Control measures the aimed to slow the virus spread may have interfered with the spread of other season respiratory viruses. Understanding the incidence of viral respiratory cases is necessary to corroborate this hypothesis. The aim of this study was to compare the incidences of the respiratory viruses that were reported in the weekly report of respiratory viruses between 2019 and 2020. METHODS: Epidemiological bulletins of 2019 and 2020 for cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome available at the Ministry of Health were consulted in order to determine the incidences of cases of viral respiratory infection, bulletins were considered for up to week 32. RESULTS: A substantial decrease was observed in cases of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome related to respiratory viruses other than SARS-CoV-2, suggesting that pandemic-related control in progress can affect the circulation of other respiratory viruses, since transmission of these viruses is very similar and protected measures such as social distance and an increase in the level of personal hygiene can be effective in reducing the spread of most of them. In addition, the closure of school units during the period of greatest incidence of respiratory viruses may have contributed to the decrease in cases among children. CONCLUSION: The measures adopted may have influenced considerably in the spread of other respiratory viruses.

OBJECTIVE: Although it is known that the tumor microenvironment (TME) is composed of a heterogeneous group of cells, which includes tumor cells, as well as non-tumor cells, such as stromal cells associated with the tumor and some leukocytes types, the objective of this systematic review was to provide updated information on the participation of non-tumor cells present in the TME on tumor progression of head and neck cancers. METHODS: A bibliographic review was carried out, through an online search between May and October 2020, of scientific articles published in Portuguese and English between 2002 and 2020 in the public health databases: LILACS, SCIELO, PubMed, and Google Scholar, following the question guiding: what is the role of non-tumor cells present in the TME in the progression of head and neck cancer?, and using the descriptors: neoplasia; tumor microenvironment; head and neck cancer; infiltrating tumor cells; stromal cells; fibroblast; leukocytes; T lymphocytes; macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells. RESULTS: Initially 158 articles were selected, of which 60 were excluded because they were duplicated, 58 because they did not address the theme of the study, and 18 because they did not answer the guiding question. Thus, 22 studies were used in this review. CONCLUSION: TME is a specific tumor site where there is an intense interaction between molecules and cells and, in general, the non-tumor cells present in the TME, both fibroblasts, a stromal cell, and leukocytes act favoring the progression of head and neck cancer.

OBJETIVE: To verify if the physical exercise is effective for improving body composition, total cholesterol and triglycerides in HIV patients. METHODS: the present study is a systematic review with meta-analysis in order to investigate the effects of strength and / or aerobic exercise programs on HIV-positive individuals on body composition, total cholesterol and triglycerides. It is registered on the PROSPERO platform (International prospective register of systematic reviews) under number CRD42016043451. The PICOS research strategy was adopted, selecting the main MeSH terms for the search on Embase, Pubmed and Web of Science platforms. The results were tabulated, selected according to their relevance and classified in relation to the risk of bias. RESULTS: 10 studies were selected. Although several studies individually pointed to the improvement in the investigated variables, meta-analytical statistics did not show significance for the variables of body composition (body and visceral fat, BMI, WHR, lean mass) and total cholesterol, but in the triglycerides variable there was a significant change with a large effect size (TE) (TE1.36 [0.28, 2.44]. CONCLUSION: The strength exercise and the aerobic exercise, performed in an isolated or combined are effective for significantly improving the triglycerides variable in patients with the HIV virus under the treatment of highly active antiretroviral therapies.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of intranasal cinnamon extract (CE) in the management of patients with allergic rhinitis (AR). METHODS: This is a systematic review, using the standard methodological procedures recommended by Cochrane to search six databases: Cochrane, PUBMED, EMBASE and LILACS, from database inception up to May 2020, to identify randomized controlled trials evaluating the use of CE in treatment for AR. RESULTS: We included two trials involving a total of 100 participants. The studies were at low risk of bias. All studies had similar participant selection criteria and outcome measurement, enabling a meta-analysis. Both studies used a validated instrument (Rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire – RQLQ) for this primary outcome (SMD -1.06; 95% confidence interval (CI) -1.58 to -0.59, P <0.0001). . All studies resulted in at least some clinical benefit with the use of CE compared to placebo. None of the included studies reported any significant adverse effects. CONCLUSION: Despite the evidence from two studies showed certain positive effects of response for CE under evaluation in treatment of AR. We found no evidence regarding the effectiveness of cinnamon bark extract for allergic rhinitis. Well-conducted randomized clinical trials using CE are needed to further advance our understanding of the effectiveness of AR.