OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify the main adverse drug events (ADEs), and its severity in patients of a large public hospital in São Paulo city using trigger tools and to evaluate its performance. METHODS: This is a prospective study with adults hospitalized in the units of Surgical Center, Medical Clinic, Intensive Care Unit, Adult Emergency Room and Obstetrics, during a period of two months (May to June 2021). Clinical records were reviewed using eleven different trigger tools selected from the Global Trigger Tools of the Institute of Healthcare and adapted to the Hospital reality. Only trigger medications were used. The active search was performed using Hospital’s computerized system and when the prescription of a trigger drug was identified, the pharmacist analyzed the patient’s medical record. RESULTS: There were identified 183 patients with trigger medication prescription. Of these 14,7% presented adverse drug event and were admitted at Medical Clinic (48%). The ADEs identified were pruritus/ skin rash, coumarin poisoning/bleeding, anaphylaxis, excessive sedation, and headache. Considering the severity, 93,6% were moderate and 3,7% severe. The drugs with highest incidence of ADEs were morphine and warfarin. The best performing trigger tools were protamine and flumazenil, and the lowest performing were hydrocortisone and promethazine. CONCLUSION: Trigger tools can be used to identify adverse drug reactions. Its use in hospitals improve patients’ medication safety.

OBJECTIVE: Blood donation in Brazil is marked by a turbulent history of decentralized hemotherapy, without efficient policies. Article 64 of Federal Law No. 10,205/2001 requires that, prior to donation, candidates undergo a confidential screening process. This step is subdivided into: registration, and clinical and serological screening. Subsequently, the donor is considered fit, or as presenting permanent or temporary unfitness. Thus, the objective was to compare the main causes of unfitness to donate blood among men and women from blood centers between 2017 and 2020. METHODS: Observational and retrospective study, with a quantitative and qualitative approach. Tabulated information for the years 2017 to 2020 was extracted from the hemocenter database. RESULTS: Analysis was performed by comparing the causes of unfitness, in this case the sum between men and women, between the years 2017 and 2020. Among the 5 causes of unfitness for men, 4 are repeated every year, namely: use of medication, self-medication, and/or effective need for chronic diseases; recent surgery; risky sexual intercourse; arterial hypertension. Among the 5 causes of disability for women, 4 are repeated every year: medication use; recent surgery; low hematocrit/hemoglobin; tattoo/acupuncture/ear lobe piercing. CONCLUSION: When listing the main exclusion factors for donation between the sexes, it is noticeable that the causes remain constant over the years.

OBJECTIVE: Covid-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 began in Wuhan, China and in a short time spread across the world, becoming a pandemic. With this problematization, several governments adopted policies such as social isolation in an effort to reduce infection rates, and limiting the spread of the disease, especially in populations at greater risk, such as older adults. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the pandemic on the mental health of older adults. METHODS: A quantitative, cross-sectional, analytical observational study was carried out, with a population of older adults (over 65 years old), from the city of São Paulo - SP, Brazil; through an online questionnaire (Google Forms®) guided by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ- 9), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI), and the Beck Anxiety Scale (BAI). In the statistical analysis, the Mann Whitney test was used, considering p<0.05. RESULTS: A total of 208 older people answered the questionnaire, 33% men and 67% women, of whom 30% lived alone. There was a statistically significant association between sex and feeling alone (p= 0.015) and in considering that professional help, even if virtual, would minimize the effects of social isolation (p=0.030), with evidence of this relationship among women. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that the older population deserves attention with regard to mental health care during the pandemic, due to the consequences of social isolation. It is inferred that older adults have a critical sense of their own mental health, signaling the need for social and clinical assistance.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the perceptions of professionals from the multiprofessional team who work in the intensive care unit, regarding changes in the assistance, professional performance, and daily life in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. METHODS: A qualitative research was carried out, using the methodological framework called Oral History. It was approved by the Research Ethics Committee under opinion 5.012.419 (CAAE: 51317521.3.0000.0073). The main criteria for the sample selection were that these professionals worked in the intensive care unit; before the pandemic period and in the current pandemic scenario we are going through and during daytime hours. The key question of the interview was: What changed in your routine during the covid-19 pandemic? The interview was recorded and later transcribed. From this material content analysis was performed. RESULTS: In this research it was clear that all professionals felt significant changes in their routines, such as work, mental health, and social interactions. In the reports we can understand and feel the anguishes, fears, and future hopes. CONCLUSION: This research gave the professionals of the multiprofessional team of the Intensive Care Unit the opportunity to report their feelings and experiences during the pandemic. It brings relevant changes in their routines and the impacts generated.

OBJECTIVE: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a pandemic disease that poses a public health challenge. This study aimed to trace the epidemiological profile of pregnant women with the HIV virus treated at a high complexity Maternity Hospital in the north of the city of São Paulo – SP, Brazil. METHODS: Data were obtained through an active search in the medical records of hospitalized patients and in the HIV case notification forms, from the Hospital Infection Control Service (SCIH) in the period from 2019 to 2021. RESULTS: The results showed that the majority of the HIV positive pregnant women seen at the maternity hospital during the study period were young, between 21 and 31 years old, 40% were single and 39% said they were in a consensual union, 60% completed only elementary school, most were unemployed, 58.5% declared themselves to be brown, and 35% were diagnosed with HIV during pregnancy. Of the total, 89.4% adhered to treatment and the main route of delivery was vaginal delivery, which demonstrates the adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) prophylaxis. Almost all neonates received antiretroviral prophylaxis. CONCLUSION: Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for the healthy birth of the baby. The data obtained in this study allow us to better understand the profile of HIV-positive pregnant women treated at the maternity ward, and thus to develop assistance programs in the gestation and postpartum period.

OBJECTIVE: Identify changes in the eating pattern and behavior of health professionals faced with the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This is a field study, quantitative, descriptive, and exploratory, with a sample composed of 23 health professionals from different categories working in the Intensive Care and Emergency sector. The collection instrument consisted of an electronic questionnaire with objective questions, structured in four parts: Personal Information, Eating Habits and Food Frequency Questionnaire, Life Habits, Self-Assessment and Body Image. RESULTS: In total, 8.7% of the participants did not change their diet after the pandemic began, 13% reported increased consumption of homemade meals and natural foods, 39.1% increased the number of meals eaten outside the home, and 52.2% increased their consumption of ready meals, fast food, and delivery. The following groups stand out: reduced consumption of salad and cooked vegetables, legumes and oilseeds; maintenance in the consumption of meat and eggs, sweets, and tubers; and increased consumption of dairy products, fried foods, and sausages. In the Physical Activity category, the majority of participants (43.5%) claim to have stopped or reduced their practice. In the Alcohol Consumption category, 52.2% reported maintaining their habits, and 39.1% claimed to have increased or started alcohol consumption. In addition, 52.2% perceived weight gain and 56.5% presented worsening eating habits during the pandemic. CONCLUSION: The dietary profile and lifestyle habits being established are an important risk factor for the development of obesity, heart disease, diabetes, and high blood pressure, all of which are related to complications from COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE: The unpredictability of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has changed the socioeconomic dynamics around the world. Preliminary findings suggest that the entire context of the pandemic increases the risk of psychological problems. The child population, although less studied, is also vulnerable to the effects of the pandemic. This review brings together the studies published in 2020 aiming to assess the impact of the pandemic on the child population. METHODS: A total of 15 studies that evaluated the mental health of subjects under 18 years old during the pandemic of COVID-19 were selected and analyzed. RESULTS: There is an increase in anxious and depressive symptoms in the child population and in their caregivers with quarantine, with a high risk of progressing to mental disorders. However, there is no way to assess the prevalence of mental disorders in this population due to the studies being conducted using online questionnaires. CONCLUSION: Health professionals must be alert to the possible presence of anxiety and depressive symptoms secondary to social isolation, especially in children with chronic diseases or in situations of vulnerability. Future studies are needed to determine the prevalence, risk, and possible treatments for stress-related illnesses.

OBJECTIVE: The unpredictability of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has changed the socioeconomic dynamics around the world. Preliminary findings suggest that the entire context of the pandemic increases the risk of psychological problems. The child population, although less studied, is also vulnerable to the effects of the pandemic. This review brings together the studies published in 2020 aiming to assess the impact of the pandemic on the child population. METHODS: A total of 15 studies that evaluated the mental health of subjects under 18 years old during the pandemic of COVID-19 were selected and analyzed. RESULTS: There is an increase in anxious and depressive symptoms in the child population and in their caregivers with quarantine, with a high risk of progressing to mental disorders. However, there is no way to assess the prevalence of mental disorders in this population due to the studies being conducted using online questionnaires. CONCLUSION: Health professionals must be alert to the possible presence of anxiety and depressive symptoms secondary to social isolation, especially in children with chronic diseases or in situations of vulnerability. Future studies are needed to determine the prevalence, risk, and possible treatments for stress-related illnesses.

OBJECTIVE: To systematically summarize the literature considering studies that address strength training and its effects on muscle hypertrophy in healthy older people. METHODS: The search was developed on the PubMed platform considering the PICOS strategy. The search date of the selected studies included the last 5 years (01.01.2017 to 07.21.2021). Studies in any language were considered. As eligibility criteria, the studies were required to contain: healthy older people; interventions with strength exercises; outcomes with hypertrophy measures (MRI, ultrasound, etc). RESULTS: In total, 14 studies were included, totaling 470 older individuals (296 participants in the experimental group and 174 participants in the control group), aged between 60 and 80 years. The strength training interventions took place over between 4 and 30 weeks, with sessions from 1 to 7 times a week. Tests of balance, measurement of muscle temperature, capacity and functional performance, and strength tests were also carried out, with the most common being the 1 repetition maximum test (1RM). For the hypertrophy measurements, dual energy X-ray (DXA), ultrasound, bioelectrical impedance, and computed tomography were used. The analyzed studies showed a significant increase in muscle volume in the intervention groups when compared to control groups (follow-up or comparison). However, studies with comparison groups (another strength training strategy or protocol) also showed increases in muscle volume, with no differences between groups. CONCLUSION: Strength training is effective in promoting improvements in muscle volume in older adults.

OBJECTIVE: To systematically summarize the literature considering studies that address strength training and its effects on muscle hypertrophy in healthy older people. METHODS: The search was developed on the PubMed platform considering the PICOS strategy. The search date of the selected studies included the last 5 years (01.01.2017 to 07.21.2021). Studies in any language were considered. As eligibility criteria, the studies were required to contain: healthy older people; interventions with strength exercises; outcomes with hypertrophy measures (MRI, ultrasound, etc). RESULTS: In total, 14 studies were included, totaling 470 older individuals (296 participants in the experimental group and 174 participants in the control group), aged between 60 and 80 years. The strength training interventions took place over between 4 and 30 weeks, with sessions from 1 to 7 times a week. Tests of balance, measurement of muscle temperature, capacity and functional performance, and strength tests were also carried out, with the most common being the 1 repetition maximum test (1RM). For the hypertrophy measurements, dual energy X-ray (DXA), ultrasound, bioelectrical impedance, and computed tomography were used. The analyzed studies showed a significant increase in muscle volume in the intervention groups when compared to control groups (follow-up or comparison). However, studies with comparison groups (another strength training strategy or protocol) also showed increases in muscle volume, with no differences between groups. CONCLUSION: Strength training is effective in promoting improvements in muscle volume in older adults.

OBJECTIVE: Early gastric cancer (PGC) is defined as gastric carcinoma, which invades up to the submucosal layer, with or without lymph node metastasis, regardless of the size of the lesion. The 5-year survival rate for tumors restricted to the mucosa is between 92 and 99%, and when they reach the submucosa, it varies from 85 to 93%. The objective is to gather information about PGC and possible endoscopic therapeutic approaches. METHODS: In this review, articles were selected through the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, between the years 2017 and 2021, in English and Portuguese. CONCLUSION: Although the gold standard treatment for PGC is gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy, endoscopic resection has become the approach of choice as it presents results comparable to conventional surgery, in reducing morbidity and mortality, with low complication rates and low cost, as well as preserving the quality of life of the patient. There are two possible techniques: endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). When comparing the two techniques, EMR is not indicated for resecting lesions larger than 2 cm, as it increases the risk of local recurrence. In turn, ESD has higher rates of en bloc resection of larger lesions, however, it is associated with higher perforation rates and a longer procedure time. Follow-up is defined based on the classification of the lesion according to the endoscopic curability index (eCure) A, B, or C. Endoscopic treatment for PGC has replaced conventional surgery as it is a minimally invasive method and has several advantages.

OBJECTIVES: Despite the various goals achieved in the last decade, from the collective effort of several countries and institutions, malaria currently remains one of the infectious diseases with the greatest global impact. In this review, we intend to establish the impact of the measures taken in recent years, as well as the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the research into vaccines against malaria. METHODS: This is a review by means of an exploratory study of the scientific literature, which was based on scientific articles and technical guides from international entities. RESULTS: The prevention and treatment of malaria continue to be the most important measures to reduce the mortality and morbidity associated with this disease. Although the COVID-19 pandemic has brought new challenges regarding the distribution of measures of diagnosis, prevention, and treatment, at the same time, it has shown that with collective and organized effort, remarkable advances can be achieved. The recently recommended vaccine outlines a new direction for malaria, potentially contributing to its eradication. CONCLUSION: There is still a long way to go in the fight against this disease, but with the implementation of measures globally, in particular investment in the poorest countries, and with the new tools available, such as vaccines, it is possible to achieve the objectives defined for the coming decades.

OBJECTIVE: Covid-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 began in Wuhan, China and in a short time spread across the world, becoming a pandemic. With this problematization, several governments adopted policies such as social isolation in an effort to reduce infection rates, and limiting the spread of the disease, especially in populations at greater risk, such as older adults. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the pandemic on the mental health of older adults. METHODS: A quantitative, cross-sectional, analytical observational study was carried out, with a population of older adults (over 65 years old), from the city of São Paulo - SP, Brazil; through an online questionnaire (Google Forms®) guided by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ- 9), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI), and the Beck Anxiety Scale (BAI). In the statistical analysis, the Mann Whitney test was used, considering p<0.05. RESULTS: A total of 208 older people answered the questionnaire, 33% men and 67% women, of whom 30% lived alone. There was a statistically significant association between sex and feeling alone (p= 0.015) and in considering that professional help, even if virtual, would minimize the effects of social isolation (p=0.030), with evidence of this relationship among women. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that the older population deserves attention with regard to mental health care during the pandemic, due to the consequences of social isolation. It is inferred that older adults have a critical sense of their own mental health, signaling the need for social and clinical assistance.