Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) are dermatologic emergencies that are distinguished by extensive epidermal necrolysis and sloughing. The incidence rates are location-dependent. Mortality rates vary from 4.8-9% to 14.8-48%, with females being more frequently affected than males.

Isoniazid is used to treat or prophylaxis tuberculosis; However, its use may be associated with adverse liver reactions. Clinically overt hepatitis occurs in 0.5%-1% of patients receiving isoniazid as monotherapy. This clinical case reported allows the academy to always verify and monitor liver function in those who have medications that cause damage to liver cells.

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) are dermatologic emergencies characterized by extensive epidermal necrolysis and sloughing. The incidence rates vary depending on location, with the UK experiencing an annual incidence of 5.76 cases per million individuals from 1995 to 2013. Females are more frequently afflicted than males, with mortality rates ranging from 4.8-9% to 14.8-48%.

Background: Caries is the most common disease among various oral diseases and it still a majorproblem in developing countries impact on 60% -90% of school-age children and adults. Theimpact of caries that is not treated in children is toothache, and it caused reduction nutrition inchildren. Nutrition decrease affected in development of children. Objective: to describedentalcaries in elementary school students in 9-12 yearsold in Rambipuji.. Method: The type ofresearch used was descriptive observational study using cross-sectional data through elementaryschool students at Rambipuji in the period January 14-11 February 2019. Results: Caries is a toppriority in school-age children up to adults. Results: The results showed that female students used cariesmore than 55% and based on dental elements using caries, the mandibular first second molarsimproved caries more. Conclusion: female students have more caries difficulties. Distributionbased onteeth publishedcaries,firstand secondmolarsfirstcariesmore

Health services are products in the form of services or goods produced by a producer, in this case, it can be a provider or health institution (Retnaningsih, 2013). The research formulation is whether there is a difference in the quality of health services for inpatients and outpatients participating in national health insurance at the Toto Kabila Regional General Hospital. This research aims to determine the differences in the level of quality of health services for inpatients and outpatients participating in national health insurance at the Toto Kabila Regional General Hospital. The sample in this study consisted of 48 inpatients and 48 outpatients at Toto Kabila Hospital. The results of data analysis showed significant differences in service quality based on service availability between inpatients and outpatients with a p-value = 0.004, namely =0.05. The difference in service quality based on service continuity is significant between inpatients and outpatients with a p-value = 0.000, namely =0.05. The difference in service quality based on medical support services is significant between inpatients and outpatients with a p-value = 0.000, namely =0.05

During pregnancy, the body needs more Iron than before pregnancy. Iron in pregnant women isrequired to form blood, red, fetus, and placenta. Formulation study: How Influence Consumption Freshwater Fish Meatballs to Increased HB Levels in Second Trimester Pregnant Women. Research purposes that know the influence of consumption of freshwater fishmeatballs to enhancement HB levels in the Mothers second trimester of pregnancy. Types of research with use method experiment. Study This was conducted at the Telaga Jaya Health Center, Gorontalo Regency. Deep sample study This is a pregnant mother in the Telaga Jaya Community Health Center area, totaling 63 people, who used the method experiment. Results of bivariate data analysis There is an influence of Frequency consumption of Tilapia fish meatballs one time/ day, two times/ day, and three times/ day to improvement Hb levels in second-trimester pregnant women in the Telaga Jaya area with p-value = 0.00< a = 0.05, Yes influence of the level of compliance consumption Tilapia fish meatballs to improvement Hb levels in the mother second trimester pregnant in the Telaga Jaya Community Health Center area with p-value = 0.01 < a = 0.05 and exists influence before and after consume Tilapia fish meatballs to increased Hb in the mother second trimester of pregnancy with p-value = 0.00 < a = 0.05.

Nausea is the most common thing in pregnancy that is a symptom of discomfort that occurs in the early stages of pregnancies. This event has a considerable physical, social and psychological impact on women. The emotional and physical impact includes feelings of anxiety about the possibility of affecting the fetus. Research on the implementation of vomiting nausea in pregnancy found as many as 3030 articles, taken from the Pubmed database between 1875 and 2024. The purpose of the bibliometric analysis is to find out the research trends, the most widely used keywords, the journal of the most publishers, the authors instance and the country of collaboration of the author of the article. The keywords most commonly used by the authors are human, female, pregnancy, hyperemesis gravidarum, vomiting, nausea, treatment outcome. The American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ranks first as the most widely published journal on Treatment vomiting and nausea, with a total of 144 articles. The highest affiliation of authors is from the University of Amsterdam and the Université de Californie, which have a total of 75 authors in common. The University of Toronto is in the next position with 64 authors, followed by the university of Cambridge with 70 authors. Multiple Country Publications (MCP) and Single Country Publication (SCP) collaborations are from the United States, China and Canada.

Every human being experiences pain such as during chronic pain, infection, surgery or other medical interventions. In overcoming pain in patients, it is necessary to administer drugs in the form of analgesics. One of the herbal plants that can be used is Moringa leaves (Moringa oleiferaLamk) which contains metabolite compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids and tannins that have analgesic activity. The aim of this research is to assess the analgesic activity of Moringa leaf extract (Moringa oleiferaLamk) in mice (Mus musculus) using 96% ethanol solvent and writhing reflexmethod. The experimental animals were divided into 3 groups: negative control group (Na-CMC 0.5%), positive control group (aspirin) and treatment group (Moringa leaf extract). The treatment material is given orally. Animals were treated with 0.6% acetic acid injection intraperitoneally to give the effect of pain in mice. Measurement of the analgesic effect with the writhing reflexmethod is seen from the number of writhing. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the administration of Moringa leaf extract (Moringa oleiferaLamk) with the writhing reflexmethod has analgesic activity, which can reduce the pain response characterized by a decrease in the number of writhing in mice (Mus musculus

Acute respiratory failure (ARF) represents a critical condition wherein the respiratory system fails to maintain adequate gas exchange, leading to hypoxemia, hypercapnia, or both. The etiology of ARF is multifactorial, encompassing a wide array of pulmonary and extrapulmonary disorders. Prompt diagnosis and intervention are paramount to improving patient outcomes. This article provides a comprehensive review of the pathophysiology underlying ARF, diagnostic approaches, and the latest advancements in therapeutic strategies. We explore both invasive and non-invasive treatment modalities, including mechanical ventilation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), pharmacotherapy, and supportive care measures. By integrating recent clinical evidence, we aim toelucidate the evolving landscape of ARF management, highlighting best practices and emerging innovations in the field.

Evaluation of information systems in the health domain goes beyond exclusively technological considerations but also includes evaluation of human and organizational dimensions. The information system evaluation model frequently health used is called HOT-Fit (Human Organization Technology-Fit). This model considers the complex interactions between human, organizational, and technological elements in the context of health information systems. This research aims to analyze the implementation of the Laboratory Information System using the HOT Fit method at the Maxima Clinical Laboratory. The research method used is quantitative with across-sectional research design using a survey approach. Research subjects include laboratory managers, laboratory staff, information system users, and patients. Primary data was collected through questionnaires and interviews, while secondary data was obtained from related documents. The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis and Partial Least Square ( PLS ). The research results show that there is a significant influence between system quality (p-value = 0.041), information quality (p-value= 0.003), service quality (p-value = 0.003), and user satisfaction (p-value = 0.041). Research findings can be used as evaluation and improvement material for laboratory managers to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of health services by optimizing the use of information systems

The incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes in adolescents varies according to ethnicity and other factors. Populations with a high incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes in young people also have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes in adults. This research aims to analyze the determinants of PTM Diabetes Mellitus at the Tilango Community Health Center. Analytical survey research method with a cross-sectional study design. The population is all Prolanis patients at the Tilango Community Health Center in 2023 totaling 104 people. Sampling used total sampling, so the total sample was 104 people. Analysis was carried out using the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression test. The research results of the multiple logistic regression test obtained the variables diet (0.016) and hypertension (0.003). The largest OR value was obtained for the diet variable (11.075). This research concludes that thereis a relationship between diet, obesity, genetic history, hypertension, physical activity, and the incidence of PTM diabetes mellitus at the Tilango Health Center. Diet is the variable most related to the incidence of PTM Diabetes Mellitus at the Tilango Community Health Center, excessive eating patterns have an 11.075 times greater chance of developing diabetes mellitus.

ntroduction: Hyperthyroidism, a common endocrinologicalcondition characterized by excess production of thyroid hormones, has profound and varied effects on the cardiovascular system. The thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), play essential roles in regulating basal metabolism and cardiovascular function.Objective: To provide a comprehensive understanding of the various cardiac complications associated with hyperthyroidism and their clinical implications. Methods: This study constitutes a systematic review, classified as exploratory and descriptive. The preparation of the research was a bibliographical search in electronic databases on methods associated with RSL (Systematic Literature Review) and the applications of SMARTER (Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique using Exploiting Rankings). Results: A comprehensive systematic search of the literature yielded a total of 5689 articles referring to the incidence of obesity and overweight in adolescents, of which 20 articles were eligible to be included in this systematic review. Conclusion: Continuous research and therapeutic innovation play vital roles in the evolution of the treatment of hyperthyroidism and its cardiovascular complications. The development of personalized approaches that consider the genetic and clinical particularities of each patient can significantly improve quality of life and reduce associated morbidity and mortality.

Introduction: Hyperthyroidism, a common endocrinological condition characterized by excess production of thyroid hormones, has profound and varied effects on the cardiovascular system. The thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), play essential roles in regulating basal metabolism and cardiovascular function Objective: To provide a comprehensive understanding of the various cardiac complications associated with hyperthyroidism and their clinical implications. Methods: This study constitutes a systematic review, classified as exploratory and descriptive. The preparation of the research was a bibliographical search in electronic databases on methods associated with RSL (Systematic Literature Review) and the applications of SMARTER (Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique using Exploiting Rankings).

Introduction: Monogenic obesity is characterized by a mutation in a single gene, which directly influences metabolism, appetite control or other biological pathways associated with body weight regulation. Objective: To provide practical insights for healthcare professionals working with affected children to improve health outcomes and quality of life. Methods: This study constitutes a systematic review, classified as exploratory and descriptive. The preparation of the research was a bibliographical search in electronic databases on methods associated with RSL (Systematic Literature Review) and the applications of SMARTER (Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique using Exploiting Rankings). Results: A comprehensive systematic search of the literature yielded a total of 4125 articles referring to the incidence of obesity and overweight in adolescents, of which 20 articles were eligible to be included in this systematic review. Conclusion: With a continued and coordinated effort, it is possible to significantly improve health outcomes for these children, preparing them for a brighter future.

The Orticochea flap, a multi-flap closure technique, is a recent addition to the field of reconstructive surgery. It is a safe and acceptable alternative for scalp reconstruction, as it can cover a skin and bone defect with local full-thickness skin, reducing the length of the procedure. The technique is particularly useful for rehabilitating cranium and frontal abnormalities, as it provides an appropriate blood supply and increases the surface area for closure. The orticochea flap is particularly suitable for significant frontal or vertex defects, no prior radiation exposure, and no hairline distortion.

Restoring defects in the lower eyelids, particularly those that extend beyond two-thirds, can be challenging, especially after tumor resection. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common form of skin cancer, affecting the lower eyelid and inner canthus. Grafts are often combined with flaps for replacing the posterior lamella or anterior lamella. The Mustardé rotational cheek flap is a popular choice for reconstructing the anterior lamella of the lower eyelid, as it meets the basic requirements of an ideal cutaneous flap. This wide-based pedicle flap can support free grafts needed to line the inside of the flap. Other autogenous grafts, such as labial mucosa, hard palate mucoperiosteum, auricular cartilage, and nasoseptal cartilage, have also been used in eyelid reconstruction. However, hard palate mucosa transplants provide uniformity and can be expensive. Hughes procedures are not suitable for individuals with amblyogenic age or one-seeking eyes. Combining a vascular flap with a superior graft like pericranium may provide a viable surgical option for enduring functional and aesthetic outcomes.

Stroke is a functional brain disorder that occurs suddenly with focal or global clinical signs that last more than 24 hours without signs of non-vascular causes, including signs of subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracerebral hemorrhage, ischemia, or cerebral infarction. The aim of this research is to analyze the effectiveness of proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) and Strengthening Exercises to Increase Hand Muscle Strength in Stroke Patients at the Farmers and Fishermens Hospital, Boalemo Regency. Quaisy experimental research designed two groups pre-test and post-test design. The sample was 30 people, sampling used the purposive sampling technique. Analysis was carried out using the paired t-test and independent t-test. The results of the research were that there was a difference in Hand Muscle Strength values between those given Proprietary Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) with Strengthening Exercise with (p-value 0.039). The conclusion of this research is the provision of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF). better in increasing hand muscle strength values compared to the Strengthening Exercise. It is recommended that the Farmers and Fishermens Hospital of Boalemo Regency, in providing healing to stroke patients, apply Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation and Strengthening Exercise therapy as a complementary therapy for healing stroke patients.

Right pleural empyema is one of the rare complications in liver abscess. This condition is life-threatening as it causes breathing difficulties and requires immediate life-saving. This case report aims to diagnose and manage empyema in a male patient with a liver abscess in a limited diagnostic setting. Methods: According to medical records, a 44-year-old man came to the emergency room (ER) of Umbu Rara Meha General Hospital with complaints of shortness of breath that had been getting worse for two months, accompanied by a cough with phlegm for one week, fever, and weight loss. The patient also complained of pain in the right upper abdomen for the last four months. History of pulmonary tuberculosis, diabetes mellitus, or hypertension was denied. The patient is not a smoker. On physical examination, there was an increase in the frequency of breathing and a decrease in the vesicular sounds on the right side. Right thorax X-ray examination revealed massive right pleural effusion without pulmonary infiltrates. Abdominal ultrasound showed a liver abscess. Emergency pleural puncture was performed in the ER, and 1600 cc of purulent pleural fluid was removed, followed by Water Sealed Draignase (WSD) installation. The patient was given intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics and treated for 12 days. Conclusion: Empyema can be a rare but life-threatening complication of liver abscess. Medical action must be taken immediately in the ER to save the patient. Delaying pus drainage can increase morbidity and mortality rates.

Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS) is a rare autosomal recessive genodermatosis characterized by a spectrum of clinical manifestations, including poikiloderma, sparse hair, short stature, skeletal abnormalities, and an increased predisposition to malignancies, particularly osteosarcoma. This syndrome is primarily associated with mutations in the RECQL4 gene, a critical player in DNA repair and genomic stability. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the clinical presentation, underlying molecular mechanisms, and current therapeutic strategies for RTS. We aim to elucidate the genetic and cellular pathways implicated in RTS, highlight the challenges in clinical management, and explore potential future directions in research and therapy.

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic and multifactorial disease associated with a twofold increase in the incidence of numerous cardiovascular and renal diseases, which are a significant health limitation for patients with diabetes. Throughout the years, cardiovascular diseases have marked a significant health burden in these patients. Many studies have shown that Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce cardiovascular mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus, by inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Patients with diabetes are at a higher mortality risk after their first event of myocardial infarction than those without diabetes. The keystone in the therapy of diabetic patients is significantly linked to the prevention of cardiovascular events.

Childhood cancer has its own very different characteristics from adult cancer. The cells that suffer a mutation in the genetic material are unable to mature as they should and remain with similar characteristics to the embryonic cell, multiplying rapidly and in a disorderly manner.The main objective of this article is to describe some of the generalities of childhood tumors and to describe the warning signs that should prompt pediatricians to refer their patients to a specialist. This article is a systematic review, based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) methodology, which seeks to identify the types of childhood cancer and treatment regimens established by the current literature on the subject. Cancer treatment begins with a correct diagnosis, which requires the participation of a reliable laboratory and imaging studies. Due to its complexity, treatment must be carried out in a specialized center and comprises three main modalities (chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy, when necessary), being applied rationally and individually for each specific tumour and according to the extent of the disease. The work coordinated by a multi-professional team is also a determining factor in the success of the treatment. Most of the symptoms of Childhood Cancer are much more likely to be caused by other reasons, such as an injury or infection. Even so, if your child has any of the symptoms mentioned in this article, consult a doctor so that the cause can be diagnosed and, if necessary, treatment started.

Background. The assessment of mobility is important to determine the degree of functionality inherent in the ability to move and, therefore, sports performance. Likewise, mobility is related to the development of musculoskeletal injuries, but this is little known in professional basketball players.

A broad spectrum of dermatologic manifestations, known as cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE), may or may not be linked to the development of systemic disease. There are numerous subtypes of cutaneous lupus, such as acute cutaneous lupus (ACLE), subacute cutaneous lupus (SCLE), and chronic cutaneous lupus (CCLE). CCLE encompasses lupus tumidus, chilblain cutaneous lupus, LE profundus (LEP), and discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE). In order to diagnose these diseases, it is necessary to accurately classify the subtype. This is achieved through a combination of physical examination, laboratory studies, histology, antibody serology, and occasionally direct immunofluorescence, while also excluding systemic disease. The treatment of cutaneous lupus involves the provision of appropriate topical and systemic agents, as well as patient education regarding solar protection. In cases where the disease is pervasive, scarring, or treatment-refractory, systemic agents are recommended. In this chapter, we address the classification and diagnosis of the diverse subtypes of CLE and offer a comprehensive update on therapeutic management.

The advent of percutaneous repair techniques for calcified valve rings represents a significant advancement in interventional cardiology, addressing the complexities associated with valvular calcification. This article provides a comprehensive review of the current methodologies employed in the percutaneous repair of calcified valve rings, emphasizing the technological innovations, procedural strategies, and clinical outcomes. The discussion encompasses the pathophysiology of valvular calcification, patient selection criteria, and the evolution of device technology. Furthermore, it critically examines the efficacy and safety profiles of various interventional approaches, with a focus on post-procedural hemodynamic performance, long-term durability, and patient quality of life. By analyzing recent clinical trials and real-world data, this review aims to delineate best practices and future directions in the management of calcified valvular disease.

The neurological examination of intubated patients presents unique challenges due to the lack of verbal communication and the need for sedation management. This article delves into the methods and best practices for conducting a thorough neurological evaluation in intubated patients, emphasizing the importance of adapting standard neurological assessment techniques to this special population. We explore the use of alternative communication methods, such as eye movements and motor responses, and the interpretation of these findings in the context of critical illness. The article also discusses the implications of sedation and neuromuscular blockade on neurological assessment and provides guidelines for optimizing the accuracy of the examination. By integrating a focused neurology perspective, this review aims to enhance the clinician’s ability to diagnose and monitor neurological status in intubated patients, ultimately improving patient outcomes in the intensive care setting.

Body Mass Index (BMI) is the index used to classify and score overweight and obesity. An imbalance between energy intake and expenditure may cause the accumulation of fat in the body, which affects the BMI value. BMI is used to detect metabolic syndrome, which is a collection of symptoms that can increase the risk of non-communicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease. This study aims to determine the correlations between BMI and the incidence of metabolic syndrome at the internal medicine clinic Anutapura Hospital, Palu. This research was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional approach. The samples were 96 patients and ATP III criteria was used in the assessment of metabolic syndrome. Individuals were declared metabolic syndrome if they met 3 out of 5 criteria, namely increased waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), triglyceride levels, and decreased HDL levels. Data analysis used a chi-square test. It obtained a p-value = 0.001 with the results that showed a correlation between BMI and the incidence of metabolic syndrome at the internal medicine clinic, Anutapura General Hospital, Palu. There were correlations between BMI and waist circumference (p = 0.000), blood pressure (p = 0.003), triglycerides (p = 0.000), and HDL (p = 0.000). There were no correlations between BMI and FPG levels (p = 0.531). There is a correlation between BMI and the incidence of metabolic syndrome in the internal medicine clinic Anutapura Hospital, Palu.

A-38-years-old woman, a case of SLE, had avascular necrosis of both femoral heads and end stage renal disease 5 years and 8 years after diagnosis. Therefore, maintenance hemodialysis was initiated. Total hip replacement was done one after another successfully. Three months after replacement of hip, living donor kidney transplant was done with success. We reviewed the current literature.

Introduction: During kidney transplant, monitoring fluid administration is essential to ensure graft function. Transesophageal echocardiography measures the impact of fluids/medications on real time at myocardium. Case Report: A 28-year-old female patient who underwent a kidney transplant with cardiac output resuscitation by transesophageal echocardiography: Initially, the patient presented a hypovolemic profile that responded to crystalloid infusion. By monitoring the cardiac output, fluid accumulation syndrome is avoided, leading to a distributive profile where the state of dynamic overload is physiologically de-escalated after reperfusion. Discusion: Cardiac output-guided resuscitation using transesophageal echocardiography ensures tissue perfusion without fluid accumulation in kidney transplant surgery.

Introduction: The children aged 6-14 years are an age group that is critical for the occurrence of dental caries and has special characteristics, namely the period of replacement of deciduous teeth with permanent teeth. This group has a fairly high prevalence rate of dental caries, reaching 60-80%. In general development, dental caries looks very active at ages 4-8 years and ages 11-19 years. Based on the initial inspection at Hang Tuah 6 Elementary School Surabaya, there were 43 students with DMF-T index amount 4.5 in the high category. And the remaining data was obtained from 37 students, only 2 students were caries free. And it can be seen that the DMF-T index of 8.1 is a problem in this research, namely the high percentage of dental caries in students in 5th and 6th grade at Hang Tuah 6 Elementary School Surabaya in 2023. Purpose: This study purposes to analyze the relationship between knowledge on dental health education using leaflet media.

Background: Approximately 11 million burn injuries occur worldwide each year, causing significant morbidity and emotional distress. Burn wounds heal slowly, impacting quality of life. Mango peel contains flavonoids and mangiferin, which may aid burn wound healing. Objectives: This literature review aims to explore flavonoids and mangiferin in mango peel for burn wound healing. Methods: We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science using keywords like burn wound, thermal injuries, flavonoid, mangiferin, and mango peel. We included accessible articles in Bahasa Indonesia or English, including research articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and literature reviews. Discussion: Flavonoids enhance collagen synthesis and increase fibroblast basic growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor, promoting granulation tissue formation. Mangiferin has anti-inflammatory properties, suppressing COX-1, COX-2, and PGE-2 production, and deactivating the NLRP3 inflammasome. These actions suggest potential for improving burn wound healing. Conclusion: Flavonoids and mangiferin in mango peel show promise for wound healing due to their anti-inflammatory, antibacterial properties, and ability to stimulate collagen and VEGF formation. Further research is needed for clinical application and better outcomes.

Introduction: Cleft lip and palate (CLP) are significant congenital anomalies requiring comprehensive surgical and multidisciplinary care. This study conducts a bibliometric analysis CLP surgery research to identify key authors, topics, and journals, highlighting collaboration trends and providing insights into current research and future directions.

Objective: To determine the epidemiological profile of the sequelae of orbital trauma in the Mexican population of a hospital of national concentration; in the period between January 1, 2013 and March 31, 2017.

The article presents a case of facial reconstruction with several facial axial flaps for a posttraumatic defect of the left upper lip, medial cheek region and left nasal wing.

Background: Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis is a rare disorder that presents abnormal clonal keratinization of unknown etiology. Frequently associated with UV radiation, genetic factors, and immunosuppression. It manifests clinically as solitary or multiple annular plaques surrounded by a hyperkeratotic border. Various clinical forms have been described, including disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis, the most common subtype and represented in the following clinical case.

Burn injuries, caused by heat, chemicals, radiation, or electricity, significantly impact morbidity and mortality. Sucralfate, a mucoprotective agent composed of sucrose sulfate and aluminum hydroxide, forms a protective barrier on wounds, reduces pain, stimulates healing, and has anti-inflammatory effects. By stimulating prostaglandin secretion and binding to proteins in the ulcer bed, sucralfate enhances gastrointestinal mucosa defenses and acts locally in injured tissues, minimizing systemic effects. Clinical studies demonstrate its effectiveness in improving wound healing, reducing pain, and promoting tissue regeneration, angiogenesis, and granulation tissue development in burn patients. For optimal burn wound therapy, proper patient selection, formulation techniques, and integration with standard protocols are crucial. Further large-scale randomized controlled trials are necessary to establish guidelines and expand sucralfates clinical applications.

Upper blepharoplasty is a popular cosmetic surgery technique, with a yearly demand growth of 6%. It is primarily performed on women, aged between 50 and 70, to rejuvenate the look, enhance the supratarsal crease, and rectify contour abnormalities. The procedure also has functional advantages, such as enhancing the upper field of vision and reducing ptosis. In a clinical scenario, patients with eyelid scars experienced eyelid retraction, lagophthalmos, and ulcerative keratitis. Initially, supportive care was performed, followed by surgical treatment, including scar band release, full-thickness skin graft, eyelid closure, and tarsorrhaphy. Positive results included an expanded visual field, improved quality of life, reduced headaches, and enhanced eyesight. However, further investigation is needed due to contradictory findings and lack of scientific data. We present an interesting case of a patient in whom reconstruction was performed for aesthetic-functional purposes.

Cardiovascular disease and its risk factors are no longer only problems in developed countries, they are equally prevalent in developing countries. Cardiovascular risk factors have been hypothesized to play a role in the pathogenesis of hearing loss. Specifically, hypertension and diabetes mellitus can affect the cochlear microvasculature, leading to cochlear atherosclerosis. These atherosclerotic changes may result in impairment of local micro-cochlear circulation, causing ischemia and necrosis of the stria vascularis, hair cells, and the entire organ of Corti, and this may lead to hearing loss. The effect of cardiovascular risk factors on hearing is still under investigation. The aim of this study is to review the relationship between cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension and diabetes) and hearing loss.

Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection (SCAD) represents a rare but significant cause of acute coronary syndrome, predominantly affecting young to middle-aged women without traditional cardiovascular risk factors. The pathophysiology of SCAD involves the spontaneous development of an intimal tear or the formation of an intramural hematoma, leading to coronary artery obstruction and myocardial ischemia. Diagnosing SCAD is challenging due to its varied presentation and the need for high-resolution imaging techniques. Management strategies for SCAD are diverse, ranging from conservative medical therapy to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and, in severe cases, surgical repair. This review aims to provide a detailed analysis of the pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic criteria, and therapeutic approaches for the repair of SCAD, highlighting recent advancements in interventional cardiology and surgical techniques.

Gene therapy and stem cell applications represent the forefront of innovative treatments in interventional cardiology, offering potential solutions for previously intractable cardiovascular conditions. This review explores the current advancements, mechanisms, and clinical implications of gene therapy and stem cell technologies in the treatment of ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and myocardial infarction. The integration of these modalities into interventional procedures has the potential to revolutionize patient outcomes by promoting myocardial repair, enhancing angiogenesis, and improving cardiac function. Despite promising preclinical and early clinical results, challenges such as delivery methods, immunogenicity, and long-term efficacy remain. This article provides a detailed analysis of the latest research, clinical trials, and future directions in the field, highlighting the transformative potential and obstacles that need to be addressed for widespread clinical adoption.

The inhibition of a-amylase enzymes can delay the remaining carbohydrates in the small intestine and reduce the travel of postprandial blood glucose, therefore the content of compounds in the form of tannins, flavonoids, saponins and terpen is believed to be able inhibit the a-amylase enzymes. Knowing the effectiveness of a-amylase enzyme inhibition by some traditional medicine ingredients (Curcuma caesia, Kaempferia galanga, Nigella sativa, Apis dorsata, and Stevia rebaudiana) and organoleptic properties of the ready to drink formulation. This study is an experimental study using the design "Pretest-Posttest with control Groug" on the sample in the form of liquid extracts. Plant liquid extract is tested for its inhibition of a-amylase and used as a formulation of herbal drink ready to drink. The result IC50 values of black turmeric extract (6.46 mg/ml), aromatic ginger (6.10 mg/ml), black cumin (7.36 mg/ml), forest bee honey (2.59 mg//ml) and sweet leaves (4,85 mg/ml). The results of IC50 formulations 1 (8.03 mg/ml) and 2 (14.18 mg/ml) and glibenclamide values are (2.53 mg/ml). Conclusion the effectiveness of a-amylase inhibition of sweet leaf extract is better than other extracts and formulation 1 is better than formulation 2.

The utilization of dermal autografts in plastic surgery has evolved significantly over the past few decades, offering a versatile and reliable method for the reconstruction of various tissue defects. This article reviews the current advancements in dermal autografting, with a focus on the latest surgical techniques, integration with regenerative medicine, and the clinical outcomes observed in diverse patient populations. We discuss the biological basis of autograft survival and integration, highlight innovative approaches to enhance graft viability, and analyze complications associated with these procedures. The article also explores the role of autologous dermal grafts in aesthetic and reconstructive surgery, providing insights into future directions for research and clinical practice.

Background: ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is the most critical form of acute coronary syndrome as having the worst overall prognosis. Following thrombolysis, if it is possible to reliably predict about the reperfusion status by means of a non-invasive, readily available tool like ECG, it will help the clinicians to determine the quality of reperfusion and select the next strategy of management. The aim of the study was to assess angiographic findings of TIMI flow in infarct related artery (IRA), compared to the ranges of ST-segment resolution, and determine their association to predict reperfusion in IRA.

Biliary ileus is an unusual cause of intestinal occlusion in the general population (<5%), secondary to the impaction of a biliary stone in the digestive tract due to the presence of a bilioenteric fistula, a rare complication of cholelithiasis. A 65-year-old woman with intestinal occlusion secondary to biliary ileus, diagnosed by abdominal computed tomography, underwent open enterolithotomy. Post-surgery, the patients symptoms resolved without complications. The treatment objective for biliary ileus is to relieve the obstruction, typically through enterolithotomy, although there is no definitive standardized surgical technique. This case report includes a brief literature review.

Laron Syndrome, a rare and intriguing genetic disorder, stands as a testament to the intricate interplay between genetics and endocrinology. This article delves into the comprehensive exploration of Laron Syndrome, elucidating its molecular underpinnings, intricate clinical presentations, and the evolving landscape of therapeutic interventions. By synthesizing current research and clinical observations, we aim to enhance the understanding of this syndrome, shedding light on the challenges posed by its unique pathophysiology. The exploration of growth hormone receptor insensitivity, molecular signaling cascades, and associated comorbidities will be discussed in detail, providing a foundation for future advancements in both diagnostic approaches and therapeutic strategies.

This literature review article will provide a comprehensive analysis of flaps in reconstructive surgery, specifically discussing their description, indications, problems, and treatment. This study will investigate the epidemiology of flaps and their clinical importance. This text will address the procedures employed in the application of flaps, emphasizing the significance of preoperative planning and surgical approaches. Furthermore, this text will delve into the intricacies linked to flaps and provide a thorough analysis of the benefits and difficulties involved with their utilization in reconstructive surgery. A summary highlighting the essential elements of this evaluation will be presented.

Burn injuries pose a serious public health issue, contributing to a considerable worldwide impact. These injuries can lead to intricate and perhaps fatal scenarios that necessitate sophisticated care procedures. This review examines the study of the occurrence, importance, and advanced treatment of individuals with burn injuries. We explore the theoretical framework, encompassing definitions, risk factors, complications, and diverse management strategies. The conversation focuses on the most recent developments in burn treatment, such as prompt removal of burn wounds, replenishing fluids, managing infections, and facilitating rehabilitation. The focus is placed on the changing field of burn care research and how it might lead to better results for patients. To summarize, this article emphasizes the significance of utilizing a variety of disciplines in the treatment of burn patients and the necessity for ongoing study to improve the well-being of those who have survived.