M?qal?d? maili ?razil?rd? ?kin aparilmasinin ?h?miyy?ti, üstünlükl?ri, t?bii amill?rin ?kin sah?l?rin? t?siri v? bu amill?rl? mübariz? aparilmasi m?qs?dil? t?tbiq edil?n metodlar t?hlil edilmisdir. Eyni zamanda, fermerl?r? maili ?razil?rd? ?kin üçün d?st?k proqramlari h?yata keçir?n dünya ölk?l?rinin t?crüb?si öyr?nilmisdir. H?mçinin Az?rbaycanda ?kin sah?l?ri v? çoxillik ?km?l?rin maililik d?r?c?sin? gör? yerl?sm? sah?l?ri hesablanmis, bu ?razil?rd? ?kinin stimullasdirilmasi istiqam?tl?ri arasdirilmisdir.

M?qal?d? “yasil” k?nd t?s?rrüfatinin ?sas prinsipl?ri açiqlanir v? aqrar sah?d? “yasil” inkisafa keçid t?crüb?l?rin? baxilir. Eyni zamanda, Az?rbaycanda “yasil transformasiya” t?s?bbüsl?ri t?hlil olunur, bu istiqam?td? h?yata keçiril?n ?sas t?dbirl?r göst?rilir. Ölk?d? q?bul olunmus ümumi inkisaf strategiyasi ç?rçiv?sind? “yasil” k?nd t?s?rrüfatina keçidin sür?tl?ndirilm?si il? bagli n?z?rd? tutulan istiqam?tl?r? dair d?y?rl?ndirm?l?r aparilir. H?mçinin müvafiq beyn?lxalq t?crüb?l?r n?z?r? alinmaqla aqrar sah?d? “yasil keçid”in sür?tl?ndirilm?si imkanlari arasdirilir.

Droughts have various impacts depending on their severity and duration. In agriculture, drought can lead to crop failure and reduced yields. In this regard, it is imperative to conduct research on the effect of drought on productivity in agriculture. Data on crop yields, spanning from individual fields to global scales, is essential for farmers and policymakers. Existing sources of crop yield data, like regional agricultural statistics, frequently lack the necessary spatial and temporal detail. Vegetation indices (VIs) derived from remote sensing, such as NDVI (Normalized difference vegetation index), can effectively estimate crop yields through empirical modeling approaches. This study predicted crop yield by applying several indices by analyzing satellite images to estimate crop yield. The data to be used are open source Sentinel-2 imagery, python for regression analysis and the platform required to run is Google Earth Engine. Processing higher resolution images requires more computing resources than lower resolution images. Also, with the advent of cloud computing and open access computing portals such as Google Earth Engine, computing costs have decreased significantly. These technologies have made the processing of satellite images more economical. NDVI (measure of greenness of crops), NDMI (Normalized Difference Moisture Index) and SMI (Soil Moisture Index) data was calculated for several crop fields (area of Agsu region of Azerbaijan) for 3 years. A drought index was also applied to that area, and as a result, it was found that the productivity was low in the dry years. The aim here is to investigate the effect of climate change on crop productivity in Azerbaijan and study its effect on the economy.

This paper examines the effect of changes in temperature on households’ food expenditure in Nigeria. Using micro-data on consumption expenditure from Nigerian households, we find that extreme heat increases per capita consumption expenditure during dry seasons but not in wet seasons. Prior works show that small-scale farmers attenuate the effects of extreme heat on agricultural productivity through the short-term use of non-traded productive inputs, such as land. This evidence supports the view that the scope of climate change mitigating practices could keep food prices steady despite increases in extreme weather events. However, when investment in tradable inputs like drought-resistant technologies is greater, attenuating weather shocks could lower the welfare of net-food buyers if it increases food prices. To further support our interpretation, we find that relative to households in urban cities, rural households pay more for food during the dry season. We interpret this as a reflection of the higher costs of production associated with extreme heat during the dry season. Our results support policies that offer compensated income to vulnerable households to mitigate the impact of weather shocks in agrarian communities in developing countries.

In the study, grass mass was calculated in summer and winter pastures using multispectral images taken from “Spot-6” satellite. A summer pasture from the territory of Gakh district and a winter pasture from the territory of Saatli district were selected as pilot areas for the study. The mass of grass was calculated with high accuracy using the samples collected in those areas and multispectral images taken from the “Spot-6” satellite. The accuracy of the results obtained for both summer and winter pastures allows this methodology to be applied to any summer and winter pastures, pastures around the village.

M?qal?d? r?qab?tin mahiyy?tin?, bu m?s?l?y? müxt?lif dövrl?rd? mövcud olmus yanasmalara baxilir. Bazar strukturlari v? r?qab?t modell?ri, habel? h?min modell?rin elmi t?hlili t?crüb?l?ri s?rh edilir. Eyni zamanda, r?qab?t gücl?rinin aqrar sah?d? t?zahür xüsusiyy?tl?ri göst?rilir. El?c? d? m?qal?d? aqrar m?hsullarin modern d?y?r z?ncirin? keçidl? ?laq?dar r?qab?t s?raitind? bas ver?n d?yisiklikl?r v? bununla bagli r?qab?tin qorunmasi v? inkisafi mexanizml?rinin t?kmill?sdirilm?si istiqam?tind? h?yata keçiril?n t?dbirl?r açiqlanir.

Qlobal istil?sm? v? onun t?sirl?ri artdiqca bir sira beyn?lxalq qurumlar, o cüml?d?n Beyn?lxalq Standartlasdirma T?skilati (ISO) t?r?find?n bu t?sirl?ri minimum s?viyy?y? endirm?k üçün bir sira standart, spesifikasiya v? r?hb?redici göst?risl?r isl?nib hazirlanmisdir. Bu s?n?dl?r s?rti olaraq “yasil” adlandira bildiyimiz ISO 14000 v? ISO 14060 seriyali 29 standartdan ibar?tdir. T?qdim edil?n m?qal?d? onlardan yalniz mü?ssis? v? t?skilatlarda ?traf mühitin mühafiz?si, istixana qazlarinin emissiyalarinin (IQE) inventarlasdirilmasi, m?hsulun karbon izinin hesablanmasi v? müvafiq t?dbirl?rin layih?l?ndirilm?si m?s?l?l?rin? birbasa aidiyy?ti olan standartlara diqq?t ayrilmisdir. H?min standartlarin qlobal istil?sm? v? onun t?sirl?ri il? mübariz?d? yeri v? ?h?miyy?ti arasdirilmis, karbon bazarlarinin formalasdirilmasi dövründ? aqrar sah?nin üzl?sdiyi çagirislara qarsi cavab t?dbirl?ri bar?d? tövsiy?l?r verilmisdir.