In this article, we consider an invariant submanifold of a -paracontact metric manifold. We research the conditions and for an invariant submanifold of a paracontact metric manifold. The results are significant and contribute the geometry of the -paracontact metric manifold.

Nowadays, antibiotics are extensively used in human and animal medicine. The unconscious consumption of antibiotics and their mixing with water sources without adequate treatment have caused environmental problems. Several chemical and physical treatment methods applied for the removal of antibiotics from aqueous media offer alternative solutions by improving the treatment process and using new materials. As in many areas, nanomaterials are also used in treatment methods such as sorption, degradation, and oxidation. Among the nanomaterials, nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) is frequently preferred in treatment processes due to its abundance, cheapness, ease of application, and high removal performance. Besides its many advantages, nZVI agglomerates in the aqueous phase and exhibits unstable behaviors. This limits the surface area required for antibiotic removal and reduces the removal efficiency. In recent years nZVI has been used in water treatment technologies by being modified with many support materials such as bentonite to minimize particle agglomeration. Bentonite is clay-based support material that provides high removal efficiency and reduces the cost of treatment due to its abundance in nature. In this study, antibiotic pollution and treatment methods in water resources were reviewed and the antibiotic removal performances of bentonite-supported nVZI were investigated. In the studies, it was concluded that the antibiotic removal efficiency increased with the use of support materials.

In the last 30 years, we often hear about the computer aided design method with the help of the developments in adapting the innovations in the field of computer to the field of design. This method is divided into two sub-methods as forward and reverse. In this study, two methods were applied and compared for a combine harvester part used in the agriculture field. In the reverse engineering method, part was scanned with the laser scanner and the resulting point clouds were made into a mesh structure. These network structures have been improved and optimized with the necessary steps. Then the solid model was created with optimized mesh. In the forward engineering method, a 1/1 scale solid model of the part was created with the help of a caliper. The accuracy analysis of the solid model created with the network model was performed and the deviations from the real values were calculated and interpreted. At the end of the study, the three-dimensional models created by both methods were compared morphologically and the results were evaluated. The average accuracy value between the two models was calculated as 98.24%.*Corresponding author: Özgür Verim*E-mail address:ozgurverim@aku.edu.tr https://doi.org/10.56158/jpte.2022.30.1.02International Journal of Pioneering Technology and Engineering

This study provided an air quality assessment for Kunooz Gabbro Quarry in Al Jaffnain, Al-Seeb, Oman and focused mainly on emitted particulate matter 10 micrometers or less in diameter (PM10) from different sources inside the plant. Dispersion of PM10 was modeled using CALPUFF software. PM10 particle emissions were modeled for the winter and the summer season. The results of the simulation showed that during the winter season, the maximum one-hour average PM10 concentration occurred at the center of the quarry and was about 4,957 µg/m3. During the summer season, the maximum one-hour average PM10 concentration occurred at the center of the quarry and was about 4,970 µg/m3. All the observed PM10 concentrations during the summer and winter seasons exceeded the allowable one-hour average concentration of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) which is 365.21 µg/m3

In the last decade, urban transformation (UT) activities have slowed down considerably in Türkiye due to the financial problems of construction companies originating from the market uncertainties. When large projects in Türkiye are examined closely, it is seen that the financing methods used have also an impact on the failure to ensure financial sustainability and the inability to resist environmental conditions. In this study, financing methods that are currently used, and have the potential to be used are examined and classified in terms of inclusion, and environmental sensitivity. Financing methods are classified according to their dominant characteristics, each class is examined, and compared in terms of its potential about financial sustainability under high uncertainties. Suggestions have also been developed to speed up the UT in the countries having high market uncertainty like Türkiye.

It is necessary to understand the efficiency of the filters, which are the most important part of the ventilation systems, in order to hinder the spreading of the Covid-19 virus. In this article, a model was created using theoretical solutions developed for single fiber efficiency and with this created model, the previous theoretical data were confirmed. Then, the theoretical data in the model created with the experimental data were compared. Also, factors such as fiber diameter, particle diameter, or flow velocity affecting single fiber efficiency were changed and the effects of these parameters were investigated. As a result of this investigation, it was seen that, as the Peclet number increased, the single fiber efficiency decreased, and the efficiency of the single fiber increased when the particle diameter increased. Finally, when the solidity, which can be considered as the fiber density in the filter, increased, the single fiber efficiency increased along with it. When solidity was increased from 0.011 to 0.03, single fiber efficiency increases from 0.023 to 0.0269. That is, there was an increase of approximately 16.9 %.

Air pollution can lead to various diseases. Especially, Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and Particulate Matter (PM10 ) concentrations in the air directly affect air pollution. Therefore, the estimation of and substances in the air plays an important role in air pollution prediction. In this study, for the data received from the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization air monitoring center, the and pollutants are estimated based on past data with the extreme-learning-adaptive fuzzy extraction system method. Excessive learning algorithms in prediction problems both work fast and can reach low error values. On the other hand, the adaptive neural-fuzzy inference system offers an effective convergence by handling uncertain and incomplete data. Within the scope of the study, estimated and actual values are visualized with figures. The results of extreme learning algorithms are graphed with the error values they reach. Extreme learning-adaptive neural-fuzzy inference system; It is compared with ELM, KELM, CSELM, CDELM, and SELM algorithms. As a result of the comparison, KELM and ELM-ANFIS in terms of RMSE metric for give the best results close to each other with 0.1151 and 0.1155 values, respectively. For , it has been determined that the ELM-ANFIS showed the best performance with 0.0842 RMSE and 0.8171 R2 metric values.

Introduction: Fractures of patella account for 1% of bone fractures and this type of injuries can lead to severe knee funciton restrictions due to its role in extansor mechanism. The most common type of fracture pattern is transverse or comminute. According to the guidelines, the most often used surgical techniques are modified tension band wiring and circumferential cercle wiring. However there is no clear information about the configuration of cerclage wiring in the tension band technique. For this purpose, a transverse fracture line was created in the patella finite element model and biomechanical comparison was made in both figure of eight and zero configurations Material and Method: A transverse fracture line was created in patella and the k-wires were directed proximally at 90 degrees in coronal plane, perpendicular to the fracture line. A cerclage wire was wound on each finite element model in figure of zero (reference 1 model) and figure of eight (reference 2 model) configurations. These models were compared with each other in finite element model, with the knee at a 45 degree flexion angle and applying 200 Nm, 400 Nm and 800 Nm of force. Results: When the opening amounts of reference 1 and 2 models were evaluated under 200 Nm, 400 Nm, and 800 Nm loads, it was found that there were 14%, 8%, 13% less openings in the reference 1 model, respectively. When the amount of pressure in the fracture line was evaluated under the same loads, the average pressure was 10%, 15% and 12% higher in the reference 1 model compared to the reference 2 model, respectively. Conclusion: When the determined parameters were evaluated, although the amount of opening at the fracture line was better in the reference 1 model, there was no significant difference between the parameters in both models. Both fixation types allow early motion in clinical applications and help the prevention of displacement of the fracture.