Environmental, Social, and Governance- ESG- an acronym coined in 2005, has been steadily growing until recently. Across industries, geographies, and company sizes, organisations have been allocating more resources toward improving ESG. Investors expect their assets to be a force for good, or at least not to harm. Approaches range from avoiding companies or sectors deemed to fail on ethical grounds to active engagement with companies. Exclusionary screening is the most prevalent approach to ESG investing and may focus on individual stocks or entire sectors. The environmental component of ESG and responses to climate change has driven a significant part of ESG growth. However, other components of ESG, particularly the social dimension, have also been gaining prominence. In the wake of the war in Ukraine, the ensuing human tragedy, and the cumulative geopolitical, economic, and societal effects, critics have argued that the importance of ESG has peaked. In the future, todays preoccupation with ESG may be remembered as merely a fad and go the way of similar acronyms used in the past. This study explores the general concept of ESG in developing economies, its evolution and key components, and the importance and critical lens of ESG.

In Indonesia itself, immoral acts, crime, and serious tensions that have occurred recently have made many parents feel sad and worried about their childrens mental development and behavior (Kominfo, 2012). Value-oriented education is beneficial in curbing this fissiparous tendency and instilling sentiments of unity and solidarity among people. However, whether we realize it or not, the facts in the field of values education in Indonesia have not yet touched much on empowerment and awareness enlightenment from a global perspective (Primantoro, 2017). On the other hand, value education as a vehicle for awareness of subjective sectarian character values has not yet touched much on universal-objective values (Belen, 2004). Shaping ones character requires the development of traits such as purity, perseverance, faith, sincerity, obedience, fortitude, and humanistic tendencies. Through the educational process, the character is formed, the power of the mind is increased, intelligence is expanded, and a person learns to stand on his own two feet.

In Kenya, thousands of households rely on sand harvesting as their main source of livelihood. Sand harvesting is common in Kenyas arid and semi-arid areas, but left uncontrolled it depletes water catchment areas, and thus, the need to promote sustainability by striking a balance between it and environmental conservation. This paper illustrates how sand harvesting is affecting the environment in West Pokot County. Findings indicate that sand scooping reduces surface water quality and quantity 251(61%), leads to river bed degradation 311(87.4%), sand harvesting increases erosional valleys 308(86.6%), there is contamination of water and scarcity of water due to sand harvesting 289(81.1%), sand harvesting affects the flow of the river downstream 280(78.7%), reduces land for farming 145(40.7%), storage of sand causes destruction of vegetation cover 214(60%) and destruction of the forest cover 206(48%). The paper concludes that sand harvesting is accompanied by disastrous environmental effects, which raises questions on the cost-benefits and sustainability of the sand harvesting activities in the study area. Consequently, the paper recommends for measures to be put in place to surmount the hazardous environmental effects and enhance the multiplier effects of sand harvesting on livelihood security.

In this study, the number of Covid-19 cases and deaths in Benelux countries were examined with linear, quadratic, cubic, logarithmic, and exponential regression models. The number of Covid-19 cases and deaths, within a 50-day period between March 1, 2022, and April 19, 2022, in Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg were examined. Models with the highest coefficient of determination (R2 ) and corrected coefficient of determination with significant parameter estimates were preferred in the selection of the most appropriate regression model. (??¯2 ) The cubic regression model for the number of cases and the quadratic, cubic, and linear regression models for the number of deaths were found to be appropriate respectively in Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg. The R2 values of these models are 0.997, 0.9993 and 0.9982; ??¯2 respectively and the values are 0.996, 0.9987 ve 0.9979 respectively. Regression models for the number of deaths were obtained as quadratic, cubic, and linear regression models in these countries, respectively. The R2 values of these models were 0.996, 0.9982 and 0.9848 respectively; ??¯2 and the values were 0.995, 0.9977 and 0.9845 respectively. As a result, it was observed that regression models were an appropriate method to reveal the number of cases and deaths.

Lay caregivers play very important roles in the care of sick relations. This primordial support appears to be universal but manifests itself in different ways and circumstances. Ghanaian public health institutions, especially, depend very much on lay caregivers in the management of in-patients. However, with the emergence of Covid-19, and the fear of nosocomial infections one expects less involvement of lay caregivers; looms large. This fear has been heightened by the presence of the deadly corona virus pandemic. In spite of the respectable volume of works on lay caregivers, there is dearth of literature on the factors that influence relations to provide care in the clinical set-up in spite of the care given by the professional cohort and the possible threats to health of lay caregivers. This is the classic case of a clash between health professionals and non-professionals in the performance of tasks with the same goal orientation: to assist the sick to get out of their sick role. This hospital ethnographic study which focused on the Koforidua Regional Hospital, explored the compelling socio-cultural factors that influence lay caregiving in the hospital environment. The study is especially relevant in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic. The study involved interviews with patients in a medical ward, health professionals and lay caregivers in the regional hospital. The study revealed that lay caregivers, among other reasons, are influenced by socio-cultural factors such as reciprocity and kinship moral obligations, and the perceived poor attitude of the health staff towards patients. Institutionally, although the medical staff found lay involvement unwelcome, shortage of staff, the severity of a patients condition, and lack of certain facilities make lay involvement a tolerated nuisance.

The study is directed to determine the strategies for minimizing school related gender based violence in a post covid19 era among adolescents in Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria. The researchers formulated one research question to guide the study. The instrument used to elicit information from the respondents is, “School – Related Gender Based Violence among adolescents and strategies Questionnaire” (SRGBVAASQ). The instrument was made up of 15 items on the strategies for minimizing school related gender based violence. The instrument had a reliability coefficient of 0.87, language appropriateness, content and facial validity. The purposive sampling technique was used to select 102 respondents that participated in the research. The researchers and two research assistants retrieved 100 copies of the questionnaire from the respondents. The data from the field work were collected by the researchers, the mean of means were used to answer the research questions. The researchers used 2.50 as benchmark to determine if respondents agreed or disagreed with the 15 items in the questionnaire. The findings of the study indicated that addressing school related gender based violence (SRGBV) requires school authorities working in partnership with communities (including parents) and stakeholders at all levels including the legal sector. In addition, support the school counsellors and teachers to respond to violence using positive strategies.

This descriptive research aims to examine the values education in a secondary school via teacher views. The data collection method of the research is mixed method as it includes both quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques. The study group of the research consists of teachers at a public secondary school in Aydin. Data were collected from 15 teachers by questionnaire and five teachers by interviews. Descriptive analysis such as percentage, frequency and mean of the obtained data were calculated. As for the findings; values education defines as social benefit and moral development. The influence of the parents on values education is more than the influence of media, peers, school or teacher. The type of TV program watched by students, the role model of teachers and the reason for using the internet have influence on the development of values. It has been concluded that the verbal weighted lessons are more effective in the development of the values of the students, and that the goals/acquisitions related to values education cannot be reached at the desired level.

Background: Recently, effective control of pain has shifted to other techniques like psychological, complementary, and alternative methods which have gained popularity in the contemporary world. However, the scientific validity of such alternative approaches is often questioned. Objective: To compare the effectiveness of Complementary therapies on pain perception to intraoral needle insertion in paediatric patients. Methodology: A Randomized clinical trial was conducted on 78 children aged 8-12 years visiting the department after obtaining informed consent from parents. Children were divided into 3 groups i.e., Group A- acupressure, Group B –aromatherapy, and Group C- control group. Every child was recalled for 3 appointments and in each appointment, any therapy was performed randomly before giving an inferior alveolar nerve block. Pain perception was evaluated using Wong-Baker Faces Scale and the Sound eye motor scale. The intergroup comparison was statistically analyzed using the ANOVA test and distribution using the chi-square test. Result Synthesis: On intergroup comparison of Wong-Baker and SEM scale between the acupressure and aromatherapy group, a statistically significant difference was seen, whereas when acupressure and aromatherapy were compared with the placebo group highly significant difference was seen (p=0.00). Conclusion: Acupressure and aromatherapy can be used as an adjunct to significantly reduce the pain perception of children undergoing intraoral needle insertion.