Calculus is one of the most interesting fields of Mathematics yet difficult to pass. In this study, the common errors committed by the students were analyzed and categorized based on Newmans error analysis guide. Using the quantitative research method, 10 Bachelor of Secondary Education major in Mathematics students enrolled in Calculus I and II were purposively chosen. The study hypothesized that no significant effects of the errors committed when classified according to types of errors and math fields to the overall performances in Calculus I and II of the students. Data collected were analyzed and interpreted using Mean Percentage Scores and Structural Equation Modelling. Based on the results, students commit errors mostly in differentiating functions involving logarithms. In terms of integration, students commit errors more on algebraic functions. Based on Newmans error analysis, errors committed by mathematics major students are categorized into comprehension in both differentiation and integration processes. The result reveals that while students are equipped with the necessary skills needed for the transformation, process, and encoding, comprehension of the pre-requisite concepts should be strengthened and given attention specifically in algebraic and logarithmic functions. Finally, an instructional material addressing the identified common errors was developed.

This study investigated the emotional experiences, psychological trauma and coping strategies of individuals contesting in probate of will. Employing a mixed-method sequential explanatory design, data was collected among sixty-two bereaved individuals at the Law Courts Complex (Probate Courts 1 and 3) in Accra, using a semi-structured questionnaire and an interview guide. Purposive and snowballing sampling techniques were employed to identify bereaved individuals who were going through the probate of will at the Probate Courts. The data was analysed using SPSS version 22 and thematic analysis for the indepth interview. Descriptive statistics, correlation, Chi-Square statistics and thematic analysis were used to analyse the various objectives. The results revealed that 30.6% of the respondents were widows, 27.4% had lost their siblings, 22.6% of them had lost their fathers whiles 14.5% had lost the mothers. The least (4.8%) of the respondents had their wives dead. Also, 59.7% of the participants who were going through the probate of a will were highly educated, thus, had secondary education and 72.6% of them were Christians. The findings showed a strong positive correlation between emotional experiences of participants and their psychological trauma. Also, educational background and religious affiliation of the contestants were significantly associated with their emotional experiences. It is recommended that counselling sessions for bereaved individuals contesting for the probate of will should be enhanced to prevent mental health issues.

Based on The Fund for Places survey regarding the global vulnerability index, data shows that Indonesia is currently ranked 99th out of 178 countries in the world. In this case, Indonesia will receive a warning as its predicate, and one day it may enter a high warning level. Indonesias lower position in the global vulnerability index is none other than the result of the low participation of the younger generation in implementing state defense. This study aims to identify, process, and analyze data empirically regarding the challenges and obstacles to defending the state in higher education along with recommendations for solutions. This research uses a quantitative descriptive method, because this research will describe the current situation systematically and factually with the aim of analyzing data by describing or describing the data that has been collected as a solution to the research problem.