This study examined the acceptability of coffee bean (coffea Arabica) cookies among consumers at Kalinga National High School, focusing on the texture, taste, aroma and appearance. The research aimed to profile consumers by age and sex, assess the level of acceptability among three coffea Arabica treatments (3 tbsps., 5 tbsps., 7 tbsps.), and determine any significant differences between treatments. Additionally, the study investigated whether there was a significant difference in acceptability based on consumer profiles. Through a descriptive-comparative design and quota sampling method, data was collected from 50 consumers, specifically coffee enthusiasts including teachers and students at Kalinga National High School. Sensory evaluation forms were used to father consumer’s ratings for the three coffea Arabica treatments. Statistical tools such as frequency count, F-test, and weighted mean were employed for data analysis. The findings revealed a preference for treatment 1 and 2 since both treatments received the same average of ratings, while treatment 3 has been also liked across their sensory characteristics. Despite variation in ratings, the ANOVA. Results suggested no significant difference between the coffea Arabica treatments.

This study aims to analyze the impact of the degree of visual impairment on the numeracy literacy skills of students at the Indonesian Foundation for the Visually Impaired (YAPTI). A quantitative research approach with a descriptive-comparative design was employed. Data were collected through numeracy literacy tests, observations, and interviews with both students and teachers. The findings indicate significant differences in numeracy literacy skills between students with low vision and those with total blindness. Students with low vision scored higher in fundamental concept comprehension, problem-solving, and mathematical patterns and relationships compared to totally blind students. These differences are influenced by access to visual information, teaching methods, and the availability of assistive tools. Totally blind students rely more on Braille- and tactile-based methods, which require additional time to comprehend numeracy concepts. To bridge this gap, the development of multisensory learning media, increased availability of assistive tools, teacher training, and the integration of AI- and audio-based technology in learning are essential. With appropriate interventions, numeracy literacy among visually impaired students can be enhanced, promoting more inclusive and high-quality education.

The research aimed to create a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating inclusive education programs. It utilized a mixed methods research approach, specifically an exploratory sequential design. Data were gathered and analyzed through thematic analysis to identify themes that informed the creation of a quantitative inclusive education questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis determined the number of underlying dimensions within the data. Findings indicated that the inclusive education scale developed for the Philippine context is structured around five dimensions: parent-school partnership, instructional leadership, formal curriculum, inclusive environment, and teacher involvement. Furthermore, the scale was assessed for reliability to evaluate the internal consistency of its items. The reliability of all dimensions was exceptionally high, indicating that the tool demonstrates strong internal consistency. In the Philippines, the success of inclusive education programs relies on the collaborative efforts of school administrators, teachers, and parents. Additionally, inclusive schools can offer learning services for children with special needs by ensuring that facilities and infrastructure are tailored to student requirements. However, students with special needs often face challenges in their teaching and learning experiences, which stem from a lack of competencies acquired by teachers during their pre-service and in-service training. Furthermore, inclusive schools must implement an inclusive curriculum designed to address the needs and perspectives of students with and without special educational needs.

Environmental degradation and climate change in the 20th century have emerged as critical issues, threatening ecosystems, biodiversity, and human well-being. The study "The Noise of Smell: Experiences of a Dumpsite Community in Digos City" focuses on the experiences of residents living near a dumpsite in Digos City, aiming to understand how they cope with the challenges posed by improper waste management. Data was collected from community members ensuring participants had direct experiences with the dumpsite conditions and were willing to share their insights. Ethical protocols were strictly followed, with permissions obtained from relevant local authorities and participants. The findings revealed that the persistent smell from the dumpsite significantly impacts the daily lives and health of the residents. Despite these challenges, the community has developed coping strategies, including informal waste segregation and collective clean-up efforts. Additionally, the study identified key factors for improving waste management practices, such as stronger community engagement, increased education on waste disposal, and better support from local government. The study proposes that combining community-led efforts with official waste management programs can greatly enhance the living conditions of residents near dumpsites. It also emphasizes the need for a collaborative approach involving both the community and local authorities to address the underlying causes of improper waste management.

This study aims to identify more sustainable sources of accessible flour for pasta manufacture given the Philippines reliance on wheat imports. Additionally the project aims to reduce agricultural waste from banana fields during harvest. The study explored to find out the possible strategy for the development of banana (Musa acuminata x balbisiana) pseudo-stem flour as an alternative flour to pasta making. Therefore the study includes three parts with the first drying of the banana pseudo stem flour using a dehydrator and grinding it the second making of pasta and cooking into different pasta recipes third using a survey method to determine the acceptability of the developed pasta used in two pasta recipes: tuna carbonara and Filipino style spaghetti. The respondents described the banana pseudo stem flour pasta used in tuna carbonara as highly acceptable with an overall mean of 4.65 and 4.54 for taste and aroma while in terms of texture (4.13) color (4.02) and appearance (4.17) were moderately acceptable. Additionally the taste (4.67) and aroma (4.64) of the banana pseudo stem flour pasta used in Filipino-style spaghetti are highly accepted by the respondents while in terms of texture (4.17), color (4.04) and appearance (4.18) were moderately acceptable. According to the data banana pseudo-stem flour has the potential to be a widely used component in pasta recipes and across a variety of demographics with adults teenagers and food experts endorsing it very strongly. The shelf life of banana pseudo stem flour pasta is 2 days while the flour is until 45-60 days. The banana pseudo stem flour pasta contains ash 0.70%w/w, carbohydrate 23.53%w/w crude fat 0.76 %w/w crude protein 3.95%w/w moisture 71.74%w/w and energy 119 kcal.

Dairy farming is a crucial pillar of Indias agricultural economy contributing approximately 4.5percentage to the national GDP and employing over 8 crore farmers the majority of whom are women. As the worlds largest milk producer India has seen remarkable growth in dairy production driven by technological advancements cooperative movements like AMUL and government initiatives. The study examines the economic significance of dairy farming in India analyzing its contributions to rural livelihoods employment, food security and national income. The Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of milk production highlights key transformations in the sector from the modest growth of 1.64percentage (1951-61) to a peak of 5.60percentage (2011-21) with fluctuations influenced by policy changes economic liberalization and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite challenges such as low productivity climate change and supply chain inefficiencies the sector continues to expand through breed improvement cold chain logistics and increasing global demand for dairy products. With Indias per capita milk availability surpassing global averages dairy farming remains a key driver of inclusive economic growth and rural development. The study underscores the need for sustainable dairy farming practices policy support and investment in modern technology to enhance productivity and global competitiveness.

Agreements, often called contracts, in Indonesia can be divided into two types based on their names, namely named agreements (nominate) and unnamed agreements (innominate). Both types of agreements have their own definitions, terms, elements, and legal basis. Lease agreements, which are included in the category of named or nominat agreements, must meet the elements and terms of the agreement in accordance with the provisions of the applicable law in Indonesia.1 Meanwhile, unnamed agreements, which are generally developed in society, are still legally recognized even though there are no specific detailed regulations regarding this matter. These unnamed agreements can also be written or unwritten agreements. The requirements for a valid agreement, both subjective and objective, apply generally to both types of agreements. However, in practice, there are often discrepancies, especially in unnamed agreements which are usually not written. On the other hand, written named agreements are generally in accordance with existing legal provisions or legislation, so that their implementation provides legal certainty. This certainly has its own legal consequences and consequences for the parties involved. Agreements, which are often called contracts, in Indonesia can be divided into two types based on their names, namely named agreements (nominate) and unnamed agreements (innominate). Both of these types of agreements have their own definitions, conditions, elements, and legal bases. Lease agreements, 1 Subekti, Contract Law, Intermasa, 2005. which are included in the category of named or nominat agreements, must meet the elements and conditions of the agreement in accordance with the provisions of the law in force in Indonesia. Meanwhile, unnamed agreements, which generally develop in society, are still legally recognized even though there are no specific detailed regulations regarding this matter. These unnamed agreements can also be written or unwritten agreements. The requirements for a valid agreement, both subjective and objective, apply generally to both types of agreements. However, in practice, there are often discrepancies, especially in unnamed agreements which are usually not written down. On the other hand, written named agreements are generally in accordance with existing legal provisions or legislation, so that their implementation provides legal certainty. This certainly has its own legal consequences and consequences for the parties involved.