This study evaluated the physicochemical and sensory properties of sponge cakes incorporated with Bougainvillea (Bougainvillea spectabilis) in four forms: extract, powder, dried, and fresh. Parameters such as moisture content, pH, color, texture, and overall acceptability were measured. Among the forms, the powdered Bougainvillea sample yielded the highest sensory acceptability, while the extract-treated cakes showed the most favorable physicochemical stability. The findings suggest potential functional and aesthetic applications of Bougainvillea in cake formulation.

The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of commercial complete feed substitution with moringa leaf flour on the consumption and digestibility of calcium and phosphorus in pigs in the grower phase. The material used was 12 castration landrace castration boars aged 3-5 with an initial weight of 38-55 kg with an average of 45.17 kg (KV=13.31%). This study used a Complete Randomized Design (RAL) with four treatments and three replicates. The treatment is R0: 100% commercial complete feed, R1: 90% commercial complete feed + 10% moringa leaf flour, R2: 85% commercial complete feed + 15% moringa leaf flour, R3: 80% commercial complete feed + 20% moringa leaf flour. The research variables were calcium and phosphorus consumption and digestibility. The results of the statistical test showed that the use of R1 and R2 was not significantly different (P>0.03) in the consumption and digestibility of Ca and P, while R3 was significantly different (P < 0.05) compared to R0. The substitution of 20% moringa leaf flour had a real effect (P < 0.05) on the consumption and digestibility of calcium and phosphorus in the grower phase pigs. Based on the results and discussion, it can be concluded that the use of moringa leaf flour (Moringa oleifera) at the level of 10-15% does not affect the consumption and digestibility of Ca and P, at the use of 20% increases Ca consumption, P consumption and P digestibility, while decreasing Ca digestibility.

The Department of Dawah and Islamic Communication at STAIN Bengkalis requires a program that can assist in managing alumni data. Currently, the system used in the Department of Dawah and Islamic Communication is still conventional, meaning data is typed manually one by one using commonly used software such as Microsoft Word and Microsoft Excel. This process takes a considerable amount of time and is prone to errors. Additionally, there is no dedicated data storage, which means that previously entered data can be lost and must be retyped as needed. This research develops a web-based application using the PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) programming language and MySQL as the database for data storage. The application includes three types of users: the administrator of the Department of Dawah and Islamic Communication, alumni, and companies. The admin can input alumni data, job vacancies, agendas, and articles, and also provide alumni data recap information. Alumni who have not yet logged in must first register by filling out a registration form, after which they can log in, post job vacancies, and view job openings posted by fellow alumni, the department, and companies. Likewise, companies must fill out a registration form before they can log in and share job vacancy information.

This study explores the development and evaluation of a nature-infused hair mask formulated with banana leaf and aloe vera extracts, focusing on its effects on hair texture, shine, scalp condition, and fragrance. Responding to the increasing demand for sustainable and plant-based beauty solutions, the research aims to offer an eco-friendly and cost-effective hair care product using locally sourced ingredients.Young and matured banana leaves—commonly considered agricultural waste—were used to examine variations in effectiveness. Combined with the soothing and moisturizing properties of aloe vera, the formulation was evaluated through experimental and survey methods. Respondents included teenagers, adults, and cosmetic experts who assessed the products acceptability in terms of the identified hair care parameters. Shelf-life and overall user satisfaction were also examined.Findings revealed that the banana and aloe vera leaf-infused hair mask positively improved hair shine, texture, and scalp condition. A statistically significant difference was observed in acceptability based on leaf maturity and respondent category. Shelf-life observations indicated that the product maintained its stability at room temperature for a limited but reasonable period.This study supports the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by promoting environmental responsibility, encouraging local resource utilization, and fostering innovation in natural hair care. Results suggest that the banana and aloe vera leaf hair mask is a promising, nature-based alternative to synthetic hair care products, contributing to the green transformation of the beauty industry.

This study examines the relationship between gender and aggression among Ivorian secondary school students. A cross-sectional study included a sample of 133 participants (79 girls and 54 boys, aged 12 to 18). Participants were divided into two groups based on gender (female and male). The Aggression Questionnaire-Short Form (AQ-SF) was used to determine their level of aggression. Participants completed a gender identification form to collect sociodemographic data. An interview guide was used to gather additional information to further explore the relationship between gender and aggression. The results indicate that boys tend to be more aggressive than girls. This study offers added value in strengthening the impact of behavioral and psychosocial theories on the development of girls and boys.

With increasing awareness of health concerns associated with caffeine consumption, there is a growing demand for caffeine-free coffee alternatives. This study investigates the feasibility and consumer acceptability of roasted Langka (Artocarpus heterophyllus) seed coffee as a caffeine-free beverage. Using sensory evaluation and acceptability testing, the study assessed the taste, aroma, color, and overall impression of Langka seed coffee in comparison to traditional coffee and other caffeine-free alternatives. The findings indicate a generally positive consumer response to Langka seed coffee, particularly among health-conscious individuals and those seeking non-caffeinated options

This study examined the effects of an open-ended approach on scientific argumentation and creative scientific thinking among senior high school science students. Conducted with 40 Grade 12 STEM learners from Laguna State Polytechnic University – San Pablo Campus during the Second Semester of the Academic Year 2024–2025, the research aimed to compare students pretest and post-test performances in these areas. Two main tools were used: a researcher-developed instrument based on the Claim-Evidence-Reasoning (C-E-R) framework to measure scientific argumentation and an adapted version of the Scientific Structure Creativity Model to assess creative scientific ability. Results showed significant improvements following the implementation of the open-ended approach. Students advanced notably in all components of scientific argumentation, particularly in reasoning, where 95% of them moved to higher proficiency levels. Likewise, students demonstrated substantial growth in creative scientific ability, particularly in flexibility, where the percentage of high-performing students increased from 2.5% to 45%. Statistical analysis using paired samples t-tests confirmed that all gains were significant (p < .001). Overall, the open-ended approach proved to be effective in promoting critical thinking and enhancing students capacity to reason with evidence and scientific creativity. The study recommends its integration into science education to foster scientifically literate and creative learners.

This study explores the development and sensory acceptability of vegetable-based cookies incorporating Malungay (Moringa oleifera), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), and carrots (Daucus carota). These vegetables are known for their nutritional profiles and can serve as functional ingredients in baked goods. The research aimed to create three cookie formulations using different vegetable blends and evaluate their sensory characteristics. Fifty panelists assessed the samples based on color, texture, aroma, taste, and overall acceptability using a 9-point Hedonic scale. Results showed that the formulation combining equal portions of all three vegetables was most acceptable. The findings support the potential for vegetable-based cookies to offer a nutritious and palatable alternative to traditional cookies, with implications for functional food innovation and healthier snack development.

This study aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the implementation of marketing communication strategies for Dewra’s rubber seed products produced by MSME actors in Berancah Village, as well as to identify the key factors influencing the increase in the number of consumers. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques including direct observation of marketing activities, in-depth interviews with three main informants consisting of business actors, consumers, and community leaders, as well as documentation studies related to Dewra’s product marketing. Data analysis is conducted thematically to explore the ongoing marketing communication processes and their impact on business development. The findings reveal that the marketing communication strategy implemented is based on five main concepts: advertising through local and digital media, direct marketing with a personal approach to consumers, public relations through social activities and partnerships, sales promotion in the form of discounts and bundling packages, and personal selling that emphasizes trust and service. The implementation of these strategies has proven effective and significantly contributed to the sustainable growth of Dewra’s consumer base from the early stages of marketing to the present. Additionally, local wisdom and the strengthening of community networks have played a vital role in reinforcing the product’s position in both local and regional markets. This natural resource-based processed product not only increases the income of MSME actors but also contributes to the comprehensive economic empowerment of the Berancah Village community.

In todays fast-paced digital world and changing job market, good career advice has become crucial for high school students. This study looks at what career guidance high school students in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam need focusing on how they use both online tools and traditional counseling. The research used a mix of methods, surveying 317 students from four public high schools with a structured questionnaire (Cronbachs alpha = 0.84–0.96) and talking to a smaller group in more detail. The results show students want practical, job-focused information, including the latest job trends and what specific jobs require. While students used internet resources and career websites the most, they still preferred talking to someone face-to-face, showing how important human contact is when making career choices. Most students liked a mix of digital tools and traditional guidance. The study found three main things that made students happy with career guidance: how useful the information was (ß = .42, p < .001), how easy it was to get resources (ß = .37, p < .001), and how personalized the support was (ß = .29, p < .001). The study also found big differences between what boys and girls were interested in for careers and that students from different economic backgrounds had different levels of access to digital tools. These findings show we need career guidance that includes everyone, is personalized, and uses technology while also reflecting what different students need and how Vietnams economy and society are changing.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus |is a metabolic disease that can cause various complications, one of which |is diabetic ulcer. The |incidence of diabetic ulcers |in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at RSUD Undata |is still relatively high. Risk factors such as age, duration of diabetes, gender, smoking, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and obesity are thought to contribute to the |incidence of diabetic ulcers. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between risk factors and the |incidence of diabetic ulcers |in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at RSUD Undata. Methods: This study used an observational analytic quantitative design with a cross-sectional method. The study sample consisted of 45 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were admitted to RSUD Undata |in the period December 2024 to February 2025. Data were collected using a total sampling model through |interviews and medical records, then analyzed using the chi-square test to determine the relationship between the |independent and dependent variables. Results: The results showed that there was no significant relationship between age (p=0.705), duration of diabetes (p=0.092), gender (p=0.833), smoking (p=0.363), hypertension (p=0.832), hyperglycemia (p=0.064), and body mass |index (p=0.348) with the |incidence of diabetic ulcers |in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: There |is no significant relationship between the risk factors studied and the |incidence of diabetic ulcers |in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at RSUD Undata. Further research with a larger population and longitudinal design is needed to obtain more accurate results.

The study aimed to investigate the acceptability of bamboo shoot pasta in Spaghetti, Carbonara, and Lasagna dishes. The bamboo shoot flour as pasta was evaluated in terms of appearance, aroma, taste, and texture by the 40 respondents composed of children, teenagers, adults and food experts The study used a quantitative-descriptive experimental design, utilized the statistical tools of mean, standard deviation and One Way between Groups Analysis of Variance. The results showed that the bamboo shoot pasta in three pasta recipes received high ratings across all evaluated criteria, with taste being the highest average in all recipes namely the Spaghetti (4.40), Carbonara (4.54) and Lasagna (4.59). The study found that the bamboo shoot pasta was highly acceptable and comparable to commercial pasta products. The study also found that the bamboo shoot pasta was highly acceptable in terms of aroma, with most respondents describing it as having a desirable aroma. The shelf life of the fresh pasta in a closed container can last for at least 3 days in contrary to open space (bilao) stayed for 2 days and eventually dried but there is no sign of spoilage or molds until the 14th day of observation. Overall, the study suggests that bamboo shoot pasta can be a viable alternative to traditional wheat flour-based pasta products, offering a more sustainable and available option. The implications of this study are significant, as it highlights the potential of bamboo shoot flour as pasta as a sustainable food source and promotes local food production. The study also contributes to the development of innovative and local food products that can benefit consumers, community and the environment.

This study critically examines the media literacy competencies of students enrolled in the Communication and Islamic Broadcasting program at STAIN Bengkalis, Indonesia, within the context of escalating social media usage and the growing threat of digital misinformation. Employing a qualitative descriptive methodology, the research focuses on assessing students mastery of twelve essential digital media literacy skills as conceptualized by Jefkins et al. (2009), which encompass critical thinking, ethical content creation, multitasking across platforms, collective intelligence, and intercultural communication. Through in-depth interviews, social media observations, and document analysis, the study reveals that students proficiently engage with a diverse array of platforms—including Instagram, WhatsApp, YouTube, Facebook, and TikTok—demonstrating adaptability and critical evaluation capabilities that enable them to identify and mitigate the spread of hoaxes effectively. Despite these strengths, the findings also uncover areas needing development, particularly in collaborative verification processes and expert consultation. The study contributes valuable insights into how media literacy education can be strategically enhanced to prepare students as responsible digital citizens capable of navigating Indonesias complex digital information ecosystem.

The study focused on the Sensorial evaluation and shelf-life of Chicken Tinola on the go as alternative to instant cup noodles. This product aims to make an instant Chicken Tinola available anytime and anywhere. To further appreciate the general acceptability of Chicken Tinola on the go in terms of aroma, appearance, texture and taste, a sensory evaluation was done by the 50 respondents from different respondents across groups. Where include children and lactating mother, students (boarders), travelers and food experts. Means and Standard Deviation were used to describe the data gathered. As the level of acceptability, in terms of appearance the chicken tinola on the go was rated very positively, with a mean score of 4.33, the aroma is also rated very positively, with a category mean score of 4.35 that received high satisfaction score, while the taste was received mean score of 4.29 and lastly for texture was rated highly as well, with mean score of 4.25 which the evaluation shows a high level of satisfaction across various sensory attributes among different groups. The appearance and aroma received the highest satisfaction scores, particularly from lactating mother and students-boarders, taste and texture were also well-received, although travelers and food experts rated them slightly lower compared to other groups. The results indicate that the Chicken Tinola on the go product is generally very acceptable across different groups of respondents. The sensorial evaluation shows that there is a significant difference in the aroma among the respondents, but no significant difference in their evaluation of appearance, taste and texture. Overall, the acceptability of the Chicken Tinola on the go was found to be very high across all evaluated sensory attributes, with mean scores consistently in the range indicating very satisfied responses. This suggests that the incorporation of the Chicken Tinola on the go is well-received in terms of aroma, appearance, texture and taste.

The application of Search Engine Optimization (SEO) methods is an effective strategy to improve a websites ranking on search engines, especially for local media such as Prodesanews.com. This study aims to analyze the implementation of SEO strategies, including on-page, off-page, and technical optimization on Prodesanews.com to increase visibility and organic traffic. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach, where data were collected through observations, in-depth interviews, and document analysis. The results indicate that the implementation of SEO has positively impacted Prodesanews.coms performance. On the on-page aspect, keyword optimization, meta tags, and site speed successfully increased the CTR by 1.6% and reduced the site loading time to under three seconds. Off-page strategies through building backlinks from 91 referring domains and social media promotion also increased impressions up to 365 in the last three months. Meanwhile, technical optimization such as the use of XML sitemaps and responsive design on mobile devices increased organic traffic by 35%. However, challenges like limited resources, Google algorithm changes, and low domain authority remain obstacles in SEO implementation. This study concludes that consistent SEO strategy application can enhance local media visibility in search engines, although its success requires resource support and regular monitoring. Strategic recommendations include strengthening quality backlinks, improving site speed, and diversifying locally based content to enhance Prodesanews.coms competitiveness in the digital realm. The findings are expected to serve as a reference for other local media in leveraging SEO for growth and sustainability in the digital era.

This study aims to analyze the use of YouTube as a medium for obtaining dawah information among students of the Islamic Communication and Broadcasting Department at STAIN Bengkalis. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, the study involved in-depth interviews with ten students from the department. The findings reveal that YouTube, as a video-sharing platform, has become a highly effective medium for conveying Islamic messages, particularly among students. With features such as time flexibility and accessibility, students can access dawah content anytime and anywhere. Key findings from the research include: (1) Digitalization of Dawah the digital shift enables students to conveniently seek Islamic content such as Friday sermons or religious lectures by prominent preachers like Ustaz Adi Hidayat and Abdul Somad; (2) Interactivity interactive features such as comment sections and live streams allow for real-time dialogue between preachers and audiences. (3) Media Convergence YouTube integrates various media formats including text, audio, and video, making religious content more engaging. (4) Decentralization and Democratization of Information anyone can become a content creator, contributing to dawah dissemination. (5) Virtuality and Augmented Reality technology facilitates immersive dawah experiences through platforms like Zoom and live YouTube sessions. And (6) Social Networking YouTube fosters digital dawah networks that allow for global dissemination of Islamic messages, particularly by relatable young preachers.

This study aims to analyze the impact of interactivity, entertainment, perceived relevance, and service quality on purchase intention mediated by brand trust in fast food restaurants in Batam. Data was collected through questionnaires with a total of 254 respondents who had purchased fast food in Batam. The data analysis method used is the Smart PLS application to test the direct and indirect relationships of the variables. The results showed that interactivity, entertainment, perceived relevance, and service quality have a significant relationship to purchase decision. But perceived relevance is not significant to purchase decisions, and entertainment is not significant to brand trust. This study confirms the importance of the influence of interactivity, entertainment, perceived relevance, and service quality on purchase decisions mediated by brand trust in fast food restaurants.

Background: Many countries especially in Africa and Asia lack menstrual hygienic facilities in public places especially in schools where it is needed the most. The facilities entail sanitary pads, water to wash hands, clean toilets with locking doors, and disposal areas for sanitary pads. This goes in hand to low level of MHHM understanding among both girls and boys. Methodology: This study was a concurrent mixed methods with analytical cross sectional study design where a formative evaluation approach was employed. 8 private and government secondary schools were purposely selected where 503 respondents were involved out of which, 458 girls were used as quantitative sample while 42 girls students were selected for in depth interviews out of quantitative sample, 5 FGD’s each comprised 8 girls’ students, 3 FGD’s for boys each comprised 8 students, 16 teachers and 5 District Managers were used in this study as a part of qualitative sample. Data were quantitatively analyzed with the help of Stata 13, Python and QGIS for geospatial analyses. Qualitative analysis involved content analysis technique with the help of Atlas ti and online word cloud tools. Results: it was found that none of 8 schools has met 100% MHHM requirements as envisaged in the guideline, mean students ratio per pit hole were observed to be 52 with the worst situation in government schools (>100 for some schools). Activeness of SWASH clubs is a challenge with its non-availability in private schools. Operations and maintenance was another challenge where non availability of soaps, emergency pads, water and dilapidated infrastructure were prevalent in government schools. With one sample test of proportions, it was observed that 0.14 is the proportion of girls’ experience and observations of teasing/embarrassment from school boys during menstruation periods (p<0.001). Age were observed to have a weak positive relationship to students’ performance (r=0.35) while menstrual experience years moderate (r=0.52). “Form II”, “Form III” and “Form IV” are 1.04, 1.36 and 1.39 respectively times likely to have desirable awareness level (>= 50%) compared to “Form I” (p>0.05), primary and secondary educated mothers are 10% and 6% less likely to have desirable MHHM understanding compared to university educated mothers (p=0.732 and 0.33 respectively) whereas Mothers who have not gone to school are 80% less likely to have a good understanding level than University/College mothers (p=0.033). Implementers’ commitment and responsiveness towards SWASH project in the area of MHHM was a challenge since implementers do not have profound insights on what the project is all about with less prioritization of MHHM and school health matters as academic matters are. Conclusion: Unreliable funds, worse situation in MHHM operations and maintenance, lack of awareness on SWASH project, poor sectorial coordination and non-consideration of MHHM issues as vital are major challenges impinging smooth implementation of SWASH project. Considerable measures are to be taken by government and project designers in areas of scale up, implementation and progress monitoring so as to ensure achievement of envisioned outcomes.

This study was carried out to determine the acceptability of longganisa (garlic, sweet and spicy) made of Oyster Mushroom as Alternative to Meat. This study was conducted to 40 respondents who were selected through the use of purposive sampling: 10 children, 10 adult, 10 teenager, 10 food experts. This study was carried out at the Isabela State University Ilagan Campus, during the school year of 2023-2024.This study employed experimental and descriptive research designs to determine the level of acceptability of (garlic, sweet and spicy) longganisa made of oyster mushroom as alternative to meat. The researchers conducted an experiment on how to utilize the frozen food products made from oyster mushroom and tested the level of acceptability through actual sampling of the product. The statistical tools utilized in this study were Mean, Standard Deviation (SD) and One Way Between Group Analysis of Variance. A 5point Likert scale was used in the determination of the evaluators’ rating. The acceptability of garlic-flavored mushroom longganisa made from oyster mushrooms was high across all evaluated categories: appearance, aroma, taste, and texture, demonstrated by overall mean scores ranging from 4.55 to 4.73. All within the "Very Satisfied" range The sweet-flavored mushroom longganisa received high satisfaction ratings across all evaluated categories: appearance, aroma, taste, and texture, with overall means ranging from 4.64 to 4.68. All classified as "Very Satisfied," indicating a generally positive reception of the product. The spicy-flavored mushroom longganisa is rated as "Very Satisfied" across all evaluated attributes: appearance, aroma, taste, and texture, with overall means ranging from 4.50 to 4.64, indicating a high level of consumer satisfaction with the product.

This study investigated the relationship between innovative organizational atmosphere and teaching performance among full-time faculty members at Laguna State Polytechnic University – San Pablo City Campus, with creative efficacy as a mediating variable. Using a descriptive correlational design, data were collected from 100 full-time instructors across eight colleges through validated survey instruments measuring five dimensions of innovative organizational atmosphere: research-centered culture, culture supporting innovation, mutual relationship and respect, creativity and innovation character, and critique and criticizing culture. Results revealed that the institution demonstrated a moderately evident innovative organizational atmosphere, with creativity and innovation character scoring highest among the dimensions. Faculty self-assessed their teaching performance as above average across all dimensions: task performance, contextual performance, and adaptive performance. Creative efficacy levels were rated as quite confident overall. Correlation analyses showed significant positive relationships between innovative organizational atmosphere dimensions and creative efficacy, with mutual relationship and respect demonstrating the strongest correlation. All organizational atmosphere dimensions significantly correlated with teaching performance, particularly critique and criticizing culture. Creative efficacy strongly correlated with all performance dimensions, with adaptive performance showing the highest relationship. Mediation analysis confirmed that creative efficacy partially mediates the relationship between innovative organizational atmosphere and teaching performance, with both significant direct and indirect effects. These findings suggest that fostering innovative environments enhances teaching effectiveness both directly and through building faculty creative confidence, providing dual pathways for institutional improvement. The study contributes valuable insights for educational administrators seeking to enhance teaching performance through strategic organizational culture development and faculty empowerment initiatives.

This study investigated the effects of two gamification approaches—content gamification and structural gamification—on health-related fitness and learning interest among sophomore students enrolled in a hyflex Physical Education class (PATHFIT 4). Using a quasi-experimental research design, the study involved two groups of college students from Laguna State Polytechnic University-San Pablo City Campus over a five-week intervention period. The Content Gamification group experienced gamified learning through game mechanics, dynamics, and aesthetics, while the Structural Gamification group was exposed to points, badges, and leaderboard systems. The findings revealed that anthropometric measurements remained unchanged for both groups. However, significant improvements were observed in health-related fitness components. The Structural Gamification approach demonstrated superior results in cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, and flexibility compared to the Content Gamification approach. The Content Gamification approach was most effective in developing muscle strength among the measured parameters. Both groups demonstrated highly significant improvements in learning interest across all three dimensions: feelings and re-engagement. Students progressed from "moderately interested" to "very highly interested" in all measured aspects. While the Structural Gamification group showed slightly larger improvements in learning interest, no statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in post-assessment learning interest scores. The study concludes that while both gamification approaches effectively enhance learning interest in physical education, structural gamification is significantly more effective for improving health-related fitness outcomes. These findings suggest that different gamification strategies may target distinct outcome domains with varying degrees of effectiveness, providing educators flexibility to choose gamification strategies based on their specific objectives and contexts.

Purpose. The purpose of the study was find out causes of low utilization of Intra-uterine contraceptive device among women of child bearing age in Teso north Sub County, specifically determine level of awareness and assess barriers associated with intra-uterine device uptake Methodology. The study adopted a cross sectional-descriptive study design to collect data through a researcher administered questionnaires. A total of 353 participants were interviewed from the selected facilities in Teso north Sub County which were purposively chosen. Systematic random sampling was used to select primary respondents at a predetermined interval of 8. Quantitative data was cleaned and entered into a Microsoft excel database before being analyzed by SPSS version 22.0. Descriptive statistics were presented using percentages, frequency tables, graphs and pie-charts. Inferential statistics were calculated to establish the association between study variables using chi-square tests done at 95% confidence interval. Results. The results revealed that only 4.8% of respondents utilized intra-uterine contraceptive device. The study established low awareness levels on intrauterine device among women in Teso north Sub County. Awareness levels were significantly associated with utilization of intra-uterine contraceptive device (p=0.047). A number of factors were identified as possible barrier which hindered intra-uterine contraceptive device uptake included facility reception (p=0.026), provision of information (p=0.002), culture/religion (p=0.004) and spouse allows use (p=0.002). Enough health personnel to offer the service p=0.794, time factor during IUCD insertion affect its uptake p=0.055 were non-significant Conclusion and recommendation. The study concludes that there were low utilization rates and low awareness levels on intra-uterine contraceptive device. The national /county governments should invest heavily in health promotion activities aimed at addressing existing myths and misconception and provide a platform for demand creation on the use of IUCDs.Service providers should encourage male involvement, use community health promoters in creating awareness and demand creation regarding IUCD utilization and above all make health services attractive to users

The purpose of the study was to assess the effect of transformational leadership on teacher performance in public secondary schools in Chesumei Sub-County, Nandi County, Kenya. The study was guided by the following research objectives: to establish the effect of idealized influence on teacher performance; to determine the effects of inspirational motivation on teacher performance and to examine the effect of intellectual stimulation on teacher performance. The study employed a descriptive survey research design. It used simple random sampling as the probability sampling technique to select principals and teachers. The target population included 45 principals, 46 deputy principals, 291 heads of departments, and 491 teachers, with a sample size of 267. Questionnaires were used to collect data from respondents. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 23.0, employing both descriptive and inferential statistics. The analyzed data were presented in the form of tables, and the studys findings were displayed using tables and figures. The study found that teachers agreed involvement and active engagement of top management were associated with higher levels of teacher performance, with a mean score of 3.75 indicating a positive perception of administrative support and participative leaderships influence on effectiveness. Additionally, teachers believed that encouragement from the principal helped them overcome teaching challenges, reflected by a mean score of 3.67. The overall perception was that such support contributed to improved educational practices and student outcomes, with a mean score of 3.82. The analysis revealed a significant baseline teacher performance level, with a constant term of 3.77 (p=0.000). Among the transformational leadership dimensions, idealized influence showed a beta coefficient of 0.392, suggesting a strong positive impact. The study concluded that principals inspirational motivation significantly boosted teacher resilience, commitment, and enthusiasm through encouragement and clear vision alignment. Furthermore, intellectual stimulation was identified as crucial for enhancing teachers professional efficacy and instructional quality. The study recommended that that principals should be trained in inspirational communication and vision articulation, and schools should establish structured feedback systems to promote participative leadership and continuous improvement.

The family environment is considered a critical factor in explaining achievement disparities in international student assessments. Investigating whether the quality of parental support is associated with student achievement across diverse socio-cultural contexts could create opportunities for developing effective educational policies. This study aims to examine, using the PISA 2022 dataset, whether perceived parental support among 15-year-old students predicts their achievement in Mathematics, Science, and Reading. The study employs a correlational research design, a method suitable for examining relationships and predictions. PISA 2022 student data from a diverse set of countries representing various levels of achievement and socio-cultural backgrounds were utilized, including Brazil, Costa Rica, Hong Kong, Hungary, Ireland, Macao, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Panama, Saudi Arabia, Slovenia, Spain, and the UAE. Perceived parental support was measured using eight sub-items from question ST163, located within the well-being section of the student questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using the IEA IDB Analyzer, a program designed for PISA data and run via the PISA 2022 SPSS data file. To analyze achievement in Mathematics, Science, and Reading, all ten Plausible Values (PVs) for each domain were utilized along with the final student weight variable (W_FSTUWT). Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to examine the predictive relationships. The results of the analysis reveal that the dimensions of parental support examined show statistically significant relationships with achievement in all three PISA domains: Mathematics, Science, and Reading. Supportive parental approaches—such as helping with schoolwork, showing interest, allowing students to do things they enjoy, and encouraging them to make their own decisions—were found to be positive predictors of achievement in Mathematics, Science, and Reading. Conversely, parental approaches that were overly controlling or infantilizing were identified as negative predictors of achievement in all three domains. Furthermore, a noteworthy finding was that parental efforts to understand their childs problems and to improve the students morale were also found to be negative predictors of achievement across all three core PISA domains. In conclusion, based on a participant group from diverse international and socio-cultural backgrounds, this study confirms that perceived parental support is a significant determinant of student achievement in Mathematics, Science, and Reading.