Abstract Amyands hernia (AH) is an uncommon form of inguinal hernia, found in about 1% of these cases, involving the appendix in the hernia sac. Often symptom-free and discovered during surgery, early detection through imaging is key, with surgery being the primary treatment. We report a case of a two-month-old boy with right inguinoscrotal swelling since birth, presenting with vomiting and irritability for a two-day duration. An ultrasound revealed a right-sided inguinoscrotal hernia. Surgery uncovered a hernia sac with the cecum and an inflamed, enlarged appendix, necessitating appendectomy. AH, typically diagnosed during surgery, represents a minority of inguinal hernias. Its management depends on the appendixs condition, abdominal sepsis, and patient comorbidities. Laparoscopy is effective for diagnosing and treating AH.

Abstract This research was carried out to ascertain the effect of bioaugmentation and the addition of nutrients during anaerobic digestion leading to biogas production. The feedstock used is a mixture of pig and poultry dung at the ratio of 4:1. Shigella flexineri and Bacillus paramycoides were isolated and used alongside bovine blood and meat extract. After 21 days of anaerobic digestion, the digester with S.flexineri produced gas of 10g and 95.5g for days 2 and 21 respectively. B. paramcoides gave 4.2g and 100.5g in the same manner. For the digester with bovine blood, it gave 20g and 232.2g. While the one with meat extract produced 3g and 63.9g for day 2 and day 21 respectively. From the results and findings, the following recommendations were made. The use of anaerobic bacteria to augment the activities of the indigenous methanogens will increase biogas production. The use of bovine (cow) blood or other source of nutrients will enhance gas production. The addition of meat or protein extract has no significant effect on biogas production.

Abstract Uvular hypertrophy is a rare condition characterized by significant enlargement of the uvula, often leading to obstructive symptoms and associated complications. We present a case of a twenty-eight-year-old male patient who presented with severe uvular hypertrophy causing obstructive sleep apnoea and associated discomfort. The patient underwent surgical management in the form of Carbon dioxide laser-assisted uvulectomy under general anesthesia, resulting in significant improvement of symptoms and quality of life. This case highlights the importance of early recognition and appropriate surgical intervention in the management of uvular hypertrophy.

Abstract Snakebites are common in the developing world, but envenomation (SBE) is a small portion of it, that matters most to human lives and Public Health. Millions of people are bitten by snakes annually, but the outcome depends upon whether the snake is poisonous or not [1]. According to the Million Death Study (1998-2014), around 58,000 Indians die from snakebites every year, which is the highest rate in the world, out of an estimated 5 million snakebites annually, The actual is much higher, as only a small percentage of victims report as medical emergencies to health facilities. In India, the trend of using poisonous snake bites involving snake charmers and murdering came to light a decade. In cases where the nature of an injury or death is suspicious or allegedly intentional, including snakebites and animal bites, medical practitioners are required to register as MLCs in India. Administration of polyvalent anti-snake venom (ASV) containing antibodies against cobra, Russells viper, and common krait has been in vogue since 1899. The currently available ASV in India is polyvalent and developed using venoms of big four venomous snakes. It is effective in 80% of snakebite cases. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare issued a National Snakebite Management Protocol in collaboration with WHO in 2009 and updated it last in 2016. Anti Snake Venom (ASV) is on the list of essential drugs of the State, and procurement of these drugs is supported under the National Health Mission. But a formal National Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Snakebite Envenoming in India (NAPP&CSBE) was formulated in September 2022 and focuses on i) Empowering and engaging communities, ii) Ensuring safe and effective treatment iii) Strengthening health systems, and iv) Increasing partnerships, coordination, and resources, our national plans strategies.

Abstract Objective This study examines the thoughts of Bangladeshi parents regarding inclusive education for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The objective is to get insight into their sentiments towards inclusion and the variables that shape their opinions. Method Using a qualitative research methodology, the study specifically examined parents residing in Dhaka City whose children were receiving special education and therapies. Parents of children aged 3-18 with confirmed diagnoses of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) were selected using purposeful sampling. Results The majority of participants were mothers (87%) between the ages of 28 and 37 (56.20%), with a significant proportion having completed secondary-level education (28.10%). Parents overwhelmingly endorsed the advantages of inclusion, such as improved social integration (92.6%) and heightened self-confidence (95.1%) in children with ASD. The primary concerns were centered around insufficient individualized assistance (64.4%) and restricted availability of treatments (67.8%) within inclusive environments. Conclusion Bangladeshi parents favor inclusive education for children with ASD, Improved educator training, support services, and social acceptance of ASD are needed to improve parental attitudes towards inclusive education policies and practices.