It is hoped that this health promotion reference book can be a guide for educators, practitioners, and the public to recognize, study, and understand the basic concepts of health promotion in a broad scope. This reference book is also equipped with summaries and practice questions to maximize the readers understanding and help them become more knowledgeable and applicable in carrying out health promotion efforts in every setting.

Breast cancer most commonly spreads to the bones. The majority of bone metastases are osteolytic, but some are osteoblastic and mixed (1). Osteoclast cell activity plays a significant role in maintaining normal bone health. Osteoclasts are activated in many ways. When they are activated, the bone matrix is destabilized, leading to rapid bone loss and creating an agreeable bone environment for cancer growth. Two major groups of bone-modifying agents (BMAs) are bisphosphonates and denosumab. Both modulate osteoclastic activity by inhibiting osteoclast-mediated bone turnover, leading to the interruption of the cancer effects on bones (2).

As environmental challenges exert an increasing influence on public health, there is growing recognition of the need to remedy the effects of environmental injustices and to integrate climate change into healthcare.

Gastroschisis is a para umbilical defect of the anterior abdominal wall without any peritoneal sac, which is nearly always located to the right of the umbilicus. We present a baby boy with a closing mirror image of left-sided gastroschisis, which had a very rare and interesting association with vanishing splenogonadal fusion and left testis with blind ending epididymis and the ductus deferens. This was successfully managed by primary closure without any anesthesia, sutures, or formal silastic silo as the bedside procedure and had an uneventful recovery.

Antibiotics have been subject to misuse, which is considered to be a key factor in the development of antibiotic-resistant pathogens, resulting in complications in patients. To understand the practices associated with antibiotic use and resistance in the Yenagoa metropolis, a descriptive cross-sectional survey was used to investigate the common practices relating to antibiotic use and resistance among 408 residents of randomly selected communities in the Yenagoa metropolis. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the field data, which was then analyzed using IBM SPSS version 27 and Microsoft Excel (version 2013). The results of this study showed that cough was reported as the most common condition for which respondents use antibiotics, and 25.7% of respondents reported that they always obtain antibiotics with a prescription, with pharmacy being the most common source from where they get their antibiotics. Also, 83.33% reported that they get information about antibiotics from a healthcare professional. It was recommended that the Pharmacy Council of Nigeria restrict Patent and Proprietary Medicine Vendors to only stock antibiotics as provided in the essential medicines list.