Background: Early marriage is a significant women reproductive health issue, especially because of its association with the risk of abortion, stunting, malnutrition and infection in infants. The aim of the study was to describe the age trend of early marriage in Magetan Regency from 2021 to 2023. Methods: This type of research is descriptive quantitative with the population of all couples who married in Magetan Regency during the period. The sample of this study included all married individuals with a total of 12,772 people. The main variable was age at marriage. Data were collected through a documentation study of age of marriage reports recorded at the PPKBPP and PA Office of Magetan Regency using a data recapitulation table. Data analysis was conducted with descriptive statistics, in the form of frequency distribution and percentage. Results: The results showed an increasing trend of early marriage in most sub-districts, with a predicted prevalence that tends to increase until the end of 2024. Between 2021 and 2023, the trend of early marriage age in Magetan Regency showed a varied pattern, with some years increasing and others decreasing. The main factors influencing this trend include economic factors, education, and local policies. The impacts of early marriage include challenges in health and education, which require continued attention in mitigation and response efforts. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that there is a need for serious attention to this problem, including prevention efforts through education, counseling, and improving the quality of education and policies to prevent early marriage from the government and related institutions.

Background: In 2019, 2,370,473 pregnant women in Indonesia were tested for HIV, with 6,439 (0.27%) testing positive. Despite the importance of HIV testing during pregnancy to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT), not all pregnant women are willing to undergo testing. This study aims to evaluate the impact of health literacy about HIV/AIDS on pregnant women’s willingness to participate in PMTCT examinations in Pematangsiantar City. Methods: A quasi-experimental design with pretest and posttest, including a control group, was employed. The study population comprised pregnant women in Pematangsiantar City who had not undergone voluntary counseling and testing (VCT). A total of 102 participants (51 in the experimental group and 51 in the control group) were selected based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria through consecutive sampling. Health literacy was measured using the Indonesian version of the health literacy questionnaire (HLS-EU-SQ10-IND). Data were analyzed using the McNemar test with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Results: In the HIV/AIDS literacy group, 32 participants (62.7%) were willing to undergo PMTCT, whereas in the control group, 32 participants (62.7%) were not willing. The literacy group showed significant improvements in willingness to undergo PMTCT after receiving information, with p-values of 0.012 (overall), 0.003 (understanding), 0.021 (assessing), and 0.007 (implementing). Conversely, the control group did not show significant changes, with p-values of 0.375, 0.210, 0.063, and 0.227, respectively. Conclusion: Health literacy about HIV/AIDS significantly enhances pregnant women’s willingness to participate in PMTCT. Increased counseling and information from health workers are crucial for improving PMTCT coverage.

The increasing interest in nutraceuticals has spotlighted the potential of local foods as sources of health-promoting bioactive compounds. This narrative review explores the nutraceutical value of local foods, emphasizing the processing methods that enhance their health benefits. By examining a variety of indigenous food sources, we delve into the specific bioactive components they contain, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, vitamins, and minerals. Advanced processing techniques, including fermentation, encapsulation, and enzymatic treatments, are discussed for their roles in maximizing the bioavailability and efficacy of these compounds. Furthermore, the health impacts of these nutraceuticals are analyzed, focusing on their potential to prevent and manage chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. This review underscores the importance of leveraging local biodiversity to develop sustainable and effective nutraceutical products, offering insights into future research directions and applications in the nutraceutical industry. By integrating traditional knowledge with modern processing technologies, the potential of local foods as nutraceuticals can be fully realized, contributing to both public health and local economies.

Background: Fruits and vegetables are naturally perishable and have a relatively limited shelf life. This study was designed to prolong the shelf life and remain nutritional value of various fruits and vegetables by using guava leaves extract and lemon juice extract (natural preservatives). Methods: Fruits and vegetables samples (amla, banana, grapes, bean, eggplant and tomato) were treated with three types of natural preservatives: guava leaves and lemon juice extract (GLE) 0.5% (boiled), lemon extract (LE) 15%, GLE 40% + LE 15%. Results: The study revealed that the moisture content varied from 18.03% to 95.41%. During the 10 days of experiment, samples treated with 0.5% GLE (boiled) preservatives exhibited better result than other two types of preservatives regarding the moisture content. Titratable acidity content varied from 0.05% to 2.25%. The pH value varied in the range of 2.47-6.01. The percentage of weight loss value ranged from 3.67 to 85.71. During the experiment period, weight loss was minimum almost in all samples treated with GLE 40%+LE 15% preservative. The vitamin C content in fruits and vegetables ranged from 1.60 mg/100mL to 68.46mg/100mL. The highest viable count was found in banana (46×104 CFU/ml) and the lowest was in Bean (9×104 CFU/ml). Conclusion: Among three types of preservatives, samples treated with 0.5% GLE (boiled) showed better result and minimum microbial growth.

Background: A high-risk pregnancy jeopardizes both maternal and fetal lives. Despite recommendations for hospital births, six out of ten high-risk expectant mothers in Kawedanan opt for PMB or Community Health Center Maternity. To identify high-risk pregnancies, Kawedanan Community Health Center employs the innovative Bankjo lamp. This study investigates how pregnant women attitudes and knowledge about Bankjo lamps influence their maternity location choice. Methods: This type of research uses quantitative descriptive research. This observational analytical research involved 57 expectant mothers due to maternity in January, February, or March. Using a cross-sectional design, the study treated knowledge and attitudes about Bankjo lamps as independent variables, with maternity location preference as the dependent variable. Data collection methods included knowledge and attitude questionnaires and monthly midwife reports. The data was analyzed using the Chi-Square test and descriptive statistics in the form of frequency distribution with presentation. Results: Findings indicate that pregnant women generally possess adequate knowledge about suitable maternity locations, with some showing insufficient understanding. A significant correlation (p = 0.013) exists between knowledge levels and preferred birthplace. Despite the preference for hospital births among nearly all expectant mothers, a majority hold negative attitudes, strongly correlated (p = 0.000) with their birthplace choices. Interestingly, while most pregnant women understand the Bankjo lamp innovation well, they harbor negative attitudes toward it. Nevertheless, almost all opt for hospital births, prioritizing medical safety despite reservations about new technologies. Conclusions: The study underscores the need for government support in advancing maternal health initiatives, including innovative technologies like Bankjo lamps. Enhancing awareness and promoting positive attitudes among expectant mothers can foster safer childbirth practices. By disseminating knowledge and addressing misconceptions, healthcare providers can better support high-risk pregnancies, ensuring better outcomes for both mothers and babies.

Background: In the process of becoming a mother, a young woman must prepare herself, especially in meeting nutritional needs to prevent anemia, in order to ensure a quality next generation of the nation. Anemia can cause fatigue, decreased productivity, and disorders in cognitive and motor development in children. This study aims to determine the relationship between diet and the incidence of anemia in young women. Methods: The research design used was cross-sectional to examine the relationship between diet and anemia status. The population in this study were 127 students of grade VII of SMP Negeri 5 Ponorogo, with samples taken using a total sampling of 127 students. The independent variable in this study was diet, while the dependent variable was anemia. The instruments used included questionnaires and hemoglobin (Hb) level examination tools. Data collection was carried out through Hb level screening and filling out questionnaires distributed via Google Form. Data analysis used cross-tabulation and Chi-square test. Results: The results showed that 75.59% of adolescents had good diets, while 24.41% had poor diets. Anemia status showed that 79.53% did not have anemia and 20.47% had anemia. The Chi-square test showed the analysis result p = 0.017, which indicated a significant relationship between diet and the incidence of anemia in adolescent girls. Conclusion: This study shows a significant relationship between diet and the incidence of anemia in adolescent girls. Adolescents with good diets tend to have a lower risk of anemia. It is recommended that adolescent girls continue to maintain a good diet to prevent anemia, which can affect their overall health, including productivity and cognitive development.